Cardinal electors for the May 1605 conclave

Contents

The papal conclave of May 1605 was convened on the death of Pope Leo XI and ended with the election of Camillo Borghese as Pope Paul V on 16 May 1605. It was the second of two papal conclaves in 1605, with Leo dying on 27 April 1605, twenty-six days after he was elected in the March–April 1605 conclave.

Pope Nicholas II had reserved the right to elect the pope to the cardinal bishops, priests, and deacons of Rome in 1059.[1] The cardinal bishops were the highest rank, being the bishops of the ancient suburbicarian dioceses. Cardinal priests ranked next, serving as the titular head of historically important churches in Rome. Last ranked the cardinal deacons, who were nominally assigned one of the ancient diaconia where traditionally deacons had administered the material possessions of the Church of Rome. Cardinals were required to have been ordained at least to the rank of their order within the College of Cardinals, but could also be ordained to a higher order.[2]

In 1586, Pope Sixtus V had mandated that the maximum number of cardinals be seventy.[3] Of these, the College of Cardinals had sixty-nine total members at the time of Clement VIII's death.[4][5] Following Leo's election, Girolamo Agucchi had also died on 27 April, the same day as Leo, reducing the total number of cardinals in the college by two.[6] The electors present had been created by six different popes: Pius IV, Gregory XIII, Sixtus V, Gregory XIV, Innocent IX, and Clement VIII. Clement's creations were the most numerous, as he had created thirty-nine of the cardinal electors. Innocent IX had created one of the conclave's electors, Gregory XIV had created five, Sixtus V had created eleven, Gregory XIII had created three, and Pius IV had created one.[7][8]

Cardinal electors

Fifty-nine total cardinals entered the conclave, and Paolo Emilio Zacchia and Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo participated in the conclave, assenting to the final vote, but did not enter the proceedings because they were sick.[9][10]

NameRank[9][11]Created cardinal by[7]NationalitySources
Tolomeo GallioBishopPius IVItalian[12]
François de JoyeuseBishopGregory XIIIFrench[13]
Domenico PinelliBishopSixtus V[14]Italian[15]
Girolamo BernerioBishopSixtus V[14]Italian[15]
Agostino ValierPriestGregory XIIIItalian[16]
Antonio Maria GalloPriestSixtus VItalian[15]
Antonmaria SauliPriestSixtus VItalian[17]
Benedetto GiustinianiPriestSixtus VItalian[18]
Giovanni Evangelista PallottaPriestSixtus VItalian[17]
Federico BorromeoPriestSixtus VItalian[17]
Francesco Maria del MontePriestSixtus VItalian[17]
Gregorio PetrocchiniPriestSixtus VItalian[19]
Mariano PierbenedettiPriestSixtus VItalian[19]
Paolo Emilio SfondratiPriestGregory XIVItalian[20]
Ottavio ParaviciniPriestGregory XIVItalian[20]
Ottavio d'Aquaviva d'AragonaPriestGregory XIVItalian[20]
Flaminio PiattiPriestGregory XIVItalian[21]
Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti de Nuce[22]PriestInnocent IXItalian[23]
Pietro AldobrandiniPriestClement VIIIItalian[24]
Francesco Maria TarugiPriestClement VIIIItalian[24]
Ottavio BandiniPriestClement VIIIItalian[24]
Anne d'Escars de GivryPriestClement VIIIFrench[24]
Giovanni Francesco Biandrate di San Giorgio AldobrandiniPriestClement VIIIItalian[25]
Camillo Borghese[26]PriestClement VIIIItalian[25]
Caesar BaroniusPriestClement VIIIItalian[25]
Lorenzo BianchettiPriestClement VIIIItalian[25]
Francisco de ÁvilaPriestClement VIIISpanish[25]
Francesco ManticaPriestClement VIIIItalian[25]
Pompeio ArrigoniPriestClement VIIIItalian[25]
Bonifazio Bevilacqua AldobrandiniPriestClement VIIIItalian[25]
Alfonso ViscontiPriestClement VIIIItalian[27]
Domenico ToschiPriestClement VIIIItalian[27]
Paolo Emilio Zacchia[28]PriestClement VIIIItalian[29]
Franz von DietrichsteinPriestClement VIIIGerman[30][27][31]
Robert BellarminePriestClement VIIIItalian[27]
François de SourdisPriestClement VIIIFrench[27]
Séraphin Olivier-RazaliPriestClement VIIIFrench[32]
Domenico GinnasiPriestClement VIIIItalian[32]
Antonio Zapata y CisnerosPriestClement VIIISpanish[32]
Filippo SpinelliPriestClement VIIIItalian[27]
Carlo ContiPriestClement VIIIItalian[27]
Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo[28]PriestClement VIIIGerman[33][32]
Jacques Davy DuperronPriestClement VIIIFrench[27]
Innocenzo del Bufalo-CancellieriPriestClement VIIIItalian[27]
Giovanni DelfinoPriestClement VIIIItalian[27]
Giacomo SannesioPriestClement VIIIItalian[4]
Girolamo PamphiliPriestClement VIIIItalian[4]
Ferdinando TavernaPriestClement VIIIItalian[4]
Anselmo MarzatoPriestClement VIIIItalian[4]
Erminio ValentiPriestClement VIIIItalian[4]
Francesco SforzaDeaconGregory XIIIItalian[13]
Alessandro Peretti di MontaltoDeaconSixtus VItalian[34]
Odoardo FarneseDeaconGregory XIVItalian[35]
Cinzio Passeri AldobrandiniDeaconClement VIIIItalian[24]
Bartolomeo CesiDeaconClement VIIIItalian[25]
Andrea Baroni Peretti MontaltoDeaconClement VIIIItalian[25]
Alessandro d'EsteDeaconClement VIIIItalian[27]
Giovanni Battista DetiDeaconClement VIIIItalian[27]
Silvestro AldobrandiniDeaconClement VIIIItalian[24]
Giovanni Andrea DoriaDeaconClement VIIIItalian[4]
Carlo Emanuele Pio di SavoiaDeaconClement VIIIItalian[4]

References

  1. 1.Pattenden 2017, p. 14.
  2. 2.Encyclopædia Britannica 1911, pp. 321–322.
  3. 3.Pattenden 2017, p. 18.
  4. 4.[4.2][4.3][4.4][4.5][4.6][4.7][4.8]Gauchat 1960, p. 8.
  5. 5.Freiherr von Pastor 1952, p. 4.
  6. 6.Freiherr von Pastor 1952, pp. 28–29.
  7. 7.[7.2]Freiherr von Pastor 1952, p. 5.
  8. 8.Pastor attributes Bernerio and Pinelli as creations of Gregory XIII. Eubel counts them as being created by Sixtus V, and gives specific dates for their creations as cardinals. These numbers use Eubel and Gauchet's figures, and note where Pastor disagrees. See table for specific creations and sourcing.
  9. 9.[9.2]Gauchat 1960, p. 9.
  10. 10.Freiherr von Pastor 1952, p. 28.
  11. 11.Refers to rank within the College of Cardinals, and is not reflective of whether or not the individual had been ordained or consecrated to other Holy Orders
  12. 12.Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 40.
  13. 13.[13.2]Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 47.
  14. 14.[14.2]Pastor lists as a creation of Gregory XIII, but Eubel lists as created by Sixtus V.
  15. 15.[15.2][15.3]Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 51.
  16. 16.Gauchat 1960, p. 47.
  17. 17.[17.2][17.3][17.4]Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 52.
  18. 18.Squarzina 1997, p. 766.
  19. 19.[19.2]Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 53.
  20. 20.[20.2][20.3]Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 54.
  21. 21.Giannini 2015.
  22. 22.Not Pope Innocent IX, who was born with the same name and died in 1591
  23. 23.Cardella 1793, p. 324.
  24. 24.[24.2][24.3][24.4][24.5][24.6]Gauchat 1960, p. 4.
  25. 25.[25.2][25.3][25.4][25.5][25.6][25.7][25.8][25.9][25.10]Gauchat 1960, p. 5.
  26. 26.Elected Pope Paul V.
  27. 27.[27.2][27.3][27.4][27.5][27.6][27.7][27.8][27.9][27.10][27.11][27.12]Gauchat 1960, p. 6.
  28. 28.[28.2]Did not physically enter the conclave for health reasons.
  29. 29.Herbermann et al. 1913, p. 529.
  30. 30.Dietrichstein was bishop of Olomouc–Olmütz in Moravia (modern Czech Republic). Gauchat classifies him as German.
  31. 31.Freiherr von Pastor 1952, p. 13.
  32. 32.[32.2][32.3][32.4]Gauchat 1960, p. 7.
  33. 33.Madruzzo was bishop of Trent, in modern Italy. Gauchat classifies him as German, and does not simply list the city as he does for Italians.
  34. 34.Eubel & van Gulik 1913, p. 50.
  35. 35.The British Museum.