Julia Greeley was an American Catholic laywoman born into slavery who became a Secular Franciscan and an anonymous worker of mercy among poor families in Denver.[1]
Julia Greeley, OFS (c. 1833-48 – 7 June 1918), was an American philanthropist and Catholic convert. An enslaved woman later freed by the US government, she is known as Denver's "Angel of Charity" because of her aid to countless families in poverty.[3] Her cause for beatification was opened by Archbishop Samuel J. Aquila in 2016.
Life
Origins and formation
Julia Greeley was born enslaved in Missouri, and the exact year of her birth is not known. A slaveholder's whip blinded one eye while striking her mother, an injury she carried for life. Emancipation brought legal freedom, and by the late 1870s she was in Denver working principally as a domestic servant, including in the household of Colorado's first territorial governor, William Gilpin.
Vocation and service
Greeley entered the Catholic Church at Sacred Heart Parish in 1880 and later became a member of the Secular Franciscan Order. From modest wages she gathered food, clothing, fuel, and other necessities for poorer neighbors. To spare recipients embarrassment, she commonly pulled a small red wagon through Denver after dark and left assistance quietly, serving white and Black families without making charity an occasion for display.
Christian witness
Her devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus led her to distribute devotional materials, encourage prayer, and walk great distances between acts of mercy. The same heart-centered spirituality gave concrete form to forgiveness after slavery and injury. Christian forgiveness did not make enslavement less evil; it freed her charity from being limited by the race or status of those in need.
Greeley's life was largely hidden because the city did not ordinarily record the poor Black women on whom many households depended. The cause therefore requires careful historical work that distinguishes documented events, stable oral memory, and later devotional embellishment. Her transfer to the Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception reflects reverence but does not advance her canonical title by itself.
Ecclesial recognition
Cause and present status
The Archdiocese of Denver received the Holy See's nihil obstat in October 2016 and opened the diocesan inquiry for her cause of canonization in December 2016. Julia Greeley is therefore a Servant of God. No decree recognizing heroic virtues or miracle has yet made her Venerable or Blessed, and she has not been canonized.[2]
Liturgical and devotional scope
Private prayer for Greeley's intercession is permitted through the approved cause, but an opened inquiry does not create a liturgical feast, memorial, or public cult. Her tomb may be visited for prayer under diocesan guidance. Accounts should connect the Sacred Heart, Secular Franciscan vocation, emancipation, hidden charity, and racial justice without claiming unexamined miracles as facts.
Biography
Slavery
Greeley was born into slavery in Hannibal, Missouri. At the age of five, her right eye was injured by a slave master as he was whipping her mother. This disfigurement remained with Greeley the rest of her life. She became referred to as "one-eyed Julia".
In 1865, Greeley was freed during the American Civil War, though not by the Emancipation Proclamation (as Missouri was a border state and had to enact its own emancipation laws after the fact).
Greeley moved to Denver and in 1879 became a cook and nanny to Julia Pratte Dickerson of St. Louis, a widow who would later marry William Gilpin – who had been appointed by President Abraham Lincoln as the first territorial Governor of Colorado.[4]
Conversion
Greeley was baptized into the Catholic Church on June 26, 1880, at Sacred Heart Church in Denver, and became especially devoted to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the Holy Eucharist, receiving Holy Communion daily. Despite secretly suffering from painful arthritis, she tirelessly walked the city streets distributing literature from the Sacred Heart League to Catholics and non-Catholics alike.
In 1901, Greeley joined the Secular Franciscans and remained an active member for the rest of her life.
Charity
Greeley spent the majority of her time helping others and completing church duties. When the Gilpins died, Greeley began to do labor work for a number of wealthy white families. With this money she made, she decided to give it all away to people who needed it. She pulled a red wagon through the streets of Denver in the dark to bring food, coal, clothing, and groceries to needy families. She made her rounds after dark so as not to embarrass white families ashamed to accept charity from a poor, black woman.[5]
One of her major acts of kindness was when she donated her own burial plot for an African American man who died. He was going to be laid into a pauper's grave, but Greeley refused to let it happen. After this, many people began to call her the "colored angel of charity" because of her kindness. Because of all her dedication to families in poverty, she was officially named "Denver's Angel of Charity".[4][6]
Death
Greeley died on June 7, 1918, and lay in repose in Sacred Heart Church's Loyola Chapel – a first for a Catholic layperson in Denver that has not been repeated. She was then buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery.[7]
Beatification process
In January 2014, the Archdiocese of Denver opened an investigation for her beatification.[8][9]
Greeley is one of the four people that U.S. bishops voted to allow to be investigated for beatification at their fall meeting that year. She joins four other African Americans placed into consideration in recent years, and is the second most recent. Her body was moved to Denver's Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception in 2017, making her the first person to be interred there since it opened in 1912.[9]
As of May 2021, her inquiry was accepted and validated by the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, and a positio summarizing her life began to be written.[10] The postulator of the cause of beatification is Waldery Hilgeman.
References
- 1.USCCB: Julia Greeley on the road to sainthood — Episcopal-conference account of Greeley's enslavement, Denver charity, Catholic and Franciscan life, death, and current title Servant of God
- 2.Archdiocese of Denver edict opening Julia Greeley's cause — Canonical edict recording the nihil obstat, opening of the diocesan inquiry, exact status, and scope of evidence requested
- 3.Peterson, Kirk (August 10, 2018). "New coalition seeks sainthood for five African-Americans".
- 4.[4.2]Hardaway, Roger (1977). "African-American women on the western frontier".
- 5.Brown, Jennifer. "Ex-slave who helped Denver’s poor could become first saint from Colorado". Colorado Sun, August 9, 2018.
- 6."During the U.S. bishops' general assembly, they approved by voice vote the sainthood causes of four people as part of the episcopal consultation in the Catholic church's process for possible beatification".
- 7.Cheshire, Catie. "Angel of Charity Julia Greeley's Path to Possible Sainthood". Westword. Retrieved 2021-11-23.
- 8."Julia Greeley: A woman with a wide-winged spirit". juliagreeleyhome.org. Archived from the original on January 3, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
- 9.[9.2]"Remains of former slave Julia Greeley moved to Denver church as she is considered for sainthood". denverpost.com. 8 June 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
- 10."Mass to honor 141st anniversary of Servant of God Julia Greeley's baptism". Denver Catholic. 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-07-23.