List of missions in Spanish Florida

Contents

The Spanish established missions in Spanish Florida from the founding of San Augustin and Santa Elena in 1565 until the History of Florida#British rule (1763–1783)transfer of Florida to Great Britain in 1763. Throughout those two centuries there were mission churches in the present-day states of Florida, and Georgia, and for a brief period from 1655 to 1670, in South Carolina and Virginia.

This list includes doctrinas, missions that normally had one or more resident missionaries, but does not include visitas, which never had a resident missionary, and had less substantial church buildings where services were conducted by visiting missionaries.

Missions in Spanish Florida
Mission NameLocationProvince or RegionActive Period[1]References
Apalo[2]PotanoUnknown[3]
Ajacán[2]37.23796, -76.50743[4]Virginia1570[5]
Assumpción del Puerto or Assumpción de Nuestra Señora[6]Apalachee1675[7]
Attissimi, or Atisme, or JizimeJororo1693–1697[8]
Cofa[2] (mouth of Suwannee River)PotanoUnknown[9]
Escamau-Orista[2]Santa Elena1566–1570[5]
Espogache[2][10]Guale1605–?[11]
Guale[2]31.62534, -81.17348Guale1568–1570[12]
Guatari[2]Santa Elena1566–1570[13]
Ivitachuco at Abosaya[14]Potano1704–1706[15]
La Concepción or Santa María de AyubaleApalachee1655–1704[16]
La Concepción de Atoyquime or AtoquimeJororo1693–1697[17]
La Encarnación a la Santa Cruz de Sábacola or Santa Cruz de Sábacola El Menor30.80585, -84.87636Apalachicola1674–1677[18]
La Natividad de Nuestra Señora de Tolomato (Likely the successor to Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Tolomato.)St. Augustine1620s–1702[19]
La Purificación de Tama or Nuestra Señora de Candelaria de Tama[20]30.43251, -84.27395Apalachee1675–1704[21]
Mission to the CalusaCalusa1697[22]
Nombre de Dios29.90378, -81.31636[23]St. Augustine1566–1587[24]
Nuestra Señora de la Soledad y San LuísPensacola1718–1740s[25]
Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Tolomato[10][26]Guale1587–1597, 1605–?[27]
Ospo or Talapo[2]Guale1595–1606[28]
"Our Lady of Guadaloupe" (on St. Joseph Bay)[29]Pensacola1701–1704[30]
Palica[2]St. AugustineEarly 18th century[31]
San Antón de Carlos26.42176, -81.86444[32]Calusa1567–1569[33]
San Antonio de Anacape/Enacape29.4335, -81.65423 [34]Agua Dulce1587–1655[35]
Señor San Antonio de Anacape/Enacape[36]29.4335, -81.65423St. Johns River1680–1699[37]
San Antonio de Bacuqua30.50709, -84.23808[38]ApalacheeAfter 1657–1704[39]
San Antonio de los ChinesApalachee1694–1704[40]
San Antonio de Punta Rasa30.45382, -87.099Pensacola1749–1761[41]
San Augustín de UrihicaNorthern Utina1630-1657[42]
San Blás de Avino29.29626, -81.9168[43]Acuera1612–1620s[44]
San Buenaventura de Guadalquini (moved to St. Johns River as Santa Cruz de Guadalquini)31.13393, -81.39363[45]Guale/Mocama1606-1684[46]
San Buenaventura de Potano29.49639, -82.2304[47]Potano1608–1613[48]
San Carlos de Borromeo (in Achercatane or Yatcatane)Chacato1674–1675[49]
San Carlos de los Chacatos[50]Apalachee1675–1683 or later[51][52]
San Carlos de Çabacola[53]Apalachicolabefore 1686-1690[54]
San Cosme y San Damián de Cupaica or Cupahica, Escambi, or Escabi[55]Apalachee1639–1704[56]
San Diego de Helaca/Laca, later moved to San Diego de Salamototo (on St. Johns River)30.03227, -81.66331[57][58] (on St. Johns River as San Diego de Salamatoto)Acuera1645–1689[59]
San Diego de Satuache31.89, -81.20083Guale1616–1675[60]
San Felipe de Alabe[61]Guale1616–1655[62]
San Felipe (on Cumberland Island)Mocama1675–1678[63]
San Felipe (on Amelia Island)Mocama1689–1702[64]
San Francisco de ChuaquinArapaha1655–1657[65]
San Francisco de Oconi[66]Apalachee1655–1704[67]
San Francisco de Potano29.72993, -82.44179[68]Potano1607–1706[69]
San Ildefonso de Chamini/ChamileArapaha1655–1657[65]
San Joseph de Escambe or San José de Escambe30.71891, -87.30174Pensacola1741–1761[70][71]
San Joseph de Jororo28.14541, -81.07598Jororo1693–1679[72]
San Joseph de Ocuya or San José de OcuyaApalachee1655–1704[73]
San Joseph de Sapala or San José de Zapala ( Sapelo Island)31.51544, -81.24218[74]Guale1616–1684[75]
San Juan de AspalagaApalachee1655–1704[76]
San Juan (de) Guacara (on the Suwannee River)30.1341, -83.13402[77]Northern Utina1612–1689[78]
San Juan del Puerto30.42801, -81.42546Mocama1587–1702[79]
San JulianAgua Dulce1598–1602[80]
San Lorenzo de IbihicaIbi1612–1630[81]
San Lorenzo de Ivitachuco30.34583, -83.87488[82]Apalachee1612(?)–1704[83]
San Luis de Acuera/AvinoAgua Dulce1616–1655[84]
San Luis de Apalachee or San Luis de Talimali[85]30.44865, -84.32005[86]Apalachee1633(?)–1704[87]
San Luis de Eloquale29.23823, -81.96749[88]AcueraUnknown[89]
San Martín de Timucua/Ayacutu/Ayaocuto29.95341, -82.77498[90]Northern Utina1610–1659[91]
San Martín de TomoleApalachee1655–1704[92]
San Matheo de TolapatafiYustaga1656–1689[93]
San Miguel de Asile30.34246, -83.82431[94]Yustaga1651–1689[95]
San Miguel de PotanoPotanoUnknown[96]
San Nicolás de TolentinoChacato1674–1675[97]
San Nicolás de Los Chatos[98]Apalachicola1689[99]
San Pedro de Atulteca or San Felipe de Athulteca[100]Guale1616–1695[101]
San Pedro de Mocama (Cumberland Island)30.75415, -81.47263[102][103]Mocama1587–1655(?)[104]
San Pedro de los ChinesApalachee1677(?)–1689(?)[105]
San Pedro de Medellin[106]Apalachee1681[107]
San Pedro y San Pablo de Patale[108] or San Pedro de Patali30.46661, -84.15007Apalachee1655–1704[109]
San Pedro y San Pablo de Potohiriba or San Pedro de Potohiriba30.36537, -83.48464Yustaga1630–1705[110]
San Pedro y San Pablo de Puturiba(to)Guale1597(?)–1604(?)[111]
San Salvador de MayacaMayaca1655, 1680–1701[112]
San SebastianSt. Augustine1587–1601 or 1602[113]
Santa Ana de Potano[114]PotanoUncertain[115]
Santa Catalina de Ajoica or Afuica, Ahoica, Ahojica, Nihoica, or NihaycaNorthern Utina1655–1685[116]
Santa Catalina de Guale (St. Catherines Island, Sapelo Island and Amelia Island, in succession)31.62534, -81.17348Guale1595–1597, 1602–1702[117]
Santa Catalina or Santa María de Guale30.57008, -81.45583[118][119][120]Mocama1689–1702[121]
Santa Catarina de GualeSt. Augustine1711–1717[121]
Santa Clara de Tupiqui (Sapelo River)Guale1595–1597[122]
Santa Clara de Tupiqui (Amelia Island)Mocamac. 1616[123]
Santa Cruz de Cachipile30.66337, -83.20622 [124]Arapaha1655–1657[65]
Santa Cruz de Guadalquini (Moved from San Buenaventura de Guadalquini)30.44419, -81.46259[45]Mocama1684–1695[125][126]
Santa Cruz de Ytuchafun or Ychuntafun Capoli or Santa Cruz y San Pedro de Alcantara de YchuntafunApalachee1672–1704[127]
Santa Cruz de TarihicaNorthern Utina1612–1695[128]
Santa Elena de MachabaYustaga1655–1705[129]
Santa Fe de Toloca/Teleco/Toloco29.92456, -82.50545Potano1616–1702[84]
Santa Isabel de UtinahicaUnknown[130]1616[131]
Santa Lucia de Acuera29.09504, -81.90663[132]Acuera1655[133]
Santa María de BacuquaApalachee1640–1657[134]
Santa María de LoretoTequesta1743[135]
Santa María de los Angeles de ArapahaArapaha1630–1657[136]
Santa María de los Yamasee or Santa María de GualeMocama1675[137]
Santa Rosa de IvitanayoYustaga1680s[138]
Santiago de Oconi (near the Okefenokee Swamp)OconiEarly 16th century - 1655[139]
Santo Domingo de Asao[140] or Santo Domingo de Talaje[141]31.36433, -81.41751 [142](on the mainland)Guale1595(?)–1680s[143]
Santo Domingo (Napa or Napoyca)Mocama1602[144]
Tequesta[2]25.77588, -80.1919Tequesta1567–1570[145]
Tocoy[2]Aqua Dulce1602–1606[80]
Tupiqui[2][10]Guale1569–1570[12]

References

  1. 1.Documentation of when missions were active is incomplete. Years listed in this column may not represent either the earliest or the latest year in which a mission was in use.
  2. 2.[2.2][2.3][2.4][2.5][2.6][2.7][2.8][2.9][2.10][2.11][2.12]Place name. Mission name unknown.
  3. 3.Hann 1990, p. 468.
  4. 4."AJACAN Mission of Spanish La Florida". flspmissions.tripod.com. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  5. 5.[5.2]Hann 1990, p. 430.
  6. 6.Assumpción served Amacano, Chine, and Pacara people living in Apalachee Province.
  7. 7.Gannon 1983, p. 63.
  8. 8.Hann 1990, pp. 509–510.
  9. 9.Milanich 1995, p. 176.
  10. 10.[10.2][10.3]Espogache, Tolomato, and Tupiqui were neighboring towns in Guale which seem to have merged, or to have hosted the mission of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe in sequence.
  11. 11.Hann 1990, pp. 447–449.
  12. 12.[12.2]Hann 1990, p. 429.
  13. 13.Hann 1990, p. 432.
  14. 14.Refugees from San Lorenzo de Ivitachuco tried to settle here, but were driven on to St. Augustine by Muscogee and other raiders.
  15. 15.Hann 1990, p. 513.
  16. 16.Hann 1990, pp. 447–478.
  17. 17.Hann 1990, p. 509.
  18. 18.Hann 1990, pp. 494–495.
  19. 19.Hann 1990, pp. 501–502.
  20. 20.La Purificación served Yamassee people living in Apalachee Province.
  21. 21.Hann 1990, pp. 489–490.
  22. 22.Hann 1990, pp. 511–513.
  23. 23."Mission Nombre de Dios Museum · 89 A1A Scenic and Historic Coastal Byway, St. Augustine, FL 32084". Mission Nombre de Dios Museum · 89 A1A Scenic and Historic Coastal Byway, St. Augustine, FL 32084. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  24. 24.Hann 1990, pp. 426–427.
  25. 25.Worth, John E. "Persacola Colonial Frontiers Project". Faculty Homepage: Dr. John E. Worth. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
  26. 26.Some residents of the mission may have moved to La Natividad de Nuestra Señora de Tolomato near St. Augustine.
  27. 27.Hann 1990, p. 445.
  28. 28.Hann 1990, pp. 449–450.
  29. 29.A short-lived Spanish lookout post on St. Joseph Bay had two churches, one for the Spanish, and one for Chacatos living in the area.
  30. 30.Saccente & White 2015, pp. 301–302.
  31. 31.Hann 1990, p. 431.
  32. 32.Marquardt, William; Newsom, Lee Ann; Thompson, Victor (2020-01-01). "Discovering San Antón de Carlos: The Sixteenth-Century Spanish Buildings and Fortifications of Mound Key, Capital of the Calusa". Historical Archaeology.
  33. 33.Hann 1990, p. 427.
  34. 34."UF Digital Collections". ufdc.ufl.edu. pp. 272–273. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  35. 35.Hann 1990, p. 439.
  36. 36.The second San Antonio mission served Yemasee people at the same site as the earlier Agua Dulce mission.
  37. 37.Hann 1990, pp. 504–506.
  38. 38.Kinni, Natalie (2023). Closing the Gap between Archaeologist-Collector Collaboration (Report). Florida State University Libraries. pp. 38, 42. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  39. 39.Hann 1990, pp. 482–483.
  40. 40.Hann 1990, p. 491–492.
  41. 41."John Worth Faculty Homepage - PCF Project - Mission San Antonio". pages.uwf.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  42. 42.Hann 1990, p. 470.
  43. 43."UF Digital Collections". ufdc.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  44. 44.Boyer 2009, pp. 46–47.
  45. 45.[45.2]Ashley, Keith H.; Rolland, Vicki L.; Thunen, Robert L. (2013). "Missions San Buenaventura and Santa Catalina de Guadalquini: Retreat from the Georgia Coast". In Thompson, David V.; Thomas, David Hurst (eds.). Life Among the Tides: Recent Archaeology on the Georgia Bight. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. E–book, unpaged. doi:10.5531/sp.anth.0098. hdl:2246/6435. ISSN 0065-9452.
  46. 46.Hann 1990, p. 442.
  47. 47.Willet A. Boyer III; Dennis Blanton; Gary Ellis; Rochelle Marrinan; Jeffrey M. Mitchem; Marvin T. Smith; John E. Worth (2022). ""Then Potano": Archaeological investigations at the Richardson and White Ranch sites in northern-central Florida" (PDF). Southeastern Archaeology. 41 (2): 106–120. doi:10.1080/0734578X.2022.2033449. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-08-16.
  48. 48.Hann 1990, pp. 459–460.
  49. 49.Hann 2006, p. 29.
  50. 50.San Carlos de Los Chacatos served Chacato people.
  51. 51.Hann 1990, pp. 492–493.
  52. 52.Hann 2006, pp. 27, 46.
  53. 53.San Carlos de Çabacola served people from Sabacola and may have served Chacato people. The mission may have been near San Nicolás de Los Chatos.
  54. 54.Hann 2006, pp. 46–47.
  55. 55.Moved to San Damián de Ilcombe after 1686.
  56. 56.Hann 1990, pp. 483–485.
  57. 57."Scenic Highway Archaeological Sites | William Bartram Scenic and Historic Highway". Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  58. 58."The Landings at St. Johns (Active Adult), a request to rezone approximately 581 acres of land from Open Rural and Residential, Single Family to Planned Unit Development to allow for a maximum 761 age-restricted single family homes" (PDF). pp. 96, 99, 124–125.
  59. 59.Hann 1990, pp. 488, 502–504.
  60. 60.Hann 1990, pp. 466–467.
  61. 61.San Felipe may have merged with San Pedro de Atulteca.
  62. 62.Hann 1990, pp. 467–468.
  63. 63.Hann 1990, pp. 498–499.
  64. 64.Hann 1990, p. 499.
  65. 65.[65.2][65.3]Hann 1990, p. 471.
  66. 66.The mission was in an Apalachee village with no connection to either the Timuqua Oconi or the Hitchiti Oconee.
  67. 67.Hann 1990, p. 478.
  68. 68."CMAP - Fox Pond". cmap.floridamuseum.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  69. 69.Hann 1990, pp. 458–459.
  70. 70."John Worth Faculty Homepage - PCF Project - Mission San Joseph de Escambe". pages.uwf.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  71. 71.Worth, John E.; Harris, Norma J.; Melscher, Jennifer (2011), "San Joseph de Escambe: A 18th-Century Apalachee Mission in the West Florida Borderlands" (PDF), 2011
  72. 72.Hann 1990, pp. 507–509.
  73. 73.Hann 1990, p. 479.
  74. 74.Jeffries, Richard W.; Moore, Christopher (2009). In Search of Mission San Joseph de Sapala: Mission Period Archaeological Research on Sapelo Island, Georgia 2003-2007. pp. 52–53.
  75. 75.Hann 1990, pp. 456–458.
  76. 76.Hann 1990, pp. 479–480.
  77. 77."CMAP - Baptizing Spring". cmap.floridamuseum.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  78. 78.Hann 1990, p. 462.
  79. 79.Hann 1990, pp. 436–437.
  80. 80.[80.2]Hann 1990, p. 451.
  81. 81.Hann 1996a, pp. 153–154.
  82. 82.Messer, Haley (2016). "Analysis of Cultural Materials from Mission San Lorenzo de Ivitachuco (8JE100)". Florida State University Libraries: 35 – via FSU Digital Repository.
  83. 83.Hann 1990, pp. 476–477.
  84. 84.[84.2]Hann 1990, p. 460.
  85. 85.The mission was at Xinayca (also called Nixaxipa) until 1656.
  86. 86."Mission San Luis · 2100 W Tennessee St, Tallahassee, FL 32304". Mission San Luis · 2100 W Tennessee St, Tallahassee, FL 32304. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  87. 87.Hann 1990, pp. 485–486.
  88. 88."UF Digital Collections". ufdc.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  89. 89.Hann 1990, pp. 469–470.
  90. 90."CMAP - Fig Springs". cmap.floridamuseum.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  91. 91.Hann 1990, p. 461.
  92. 92.Hann 1990, pp. 486–487.
  93. 93.Hann 1990, pp. 474–475.
  94. 94.Slade, Alissa (2006). "Analysis of Artifacts and Archaeology at 8JE106, a Spanish Mission Site in Florida". Florida State University Libraries: 15, 34–42 – via FSU Digital Repository.
  95. 95.Hann 1990, pp. 475–476.
  96. 96.Hann 1990, p. 459.
  97. 97.Hann 1990, pp. 493–494.
  98. 98.San Nicolás de Los Chatos served Chacato people. The mission may have been near San Carlos de Çabacola.
  99. 99.Hann 1990, p. 494.
  100. 100.The Atulteca mission had moved to Cumberland Island by 1675, then to Amelia Island by 1695.
  101. 101.Hann 1990, pp. 464–466.
  102. 102.Hellman, Robert (2007). Archaeological Investigations at Dungeness Historical District: Cumberland Island National Seashore (PDF) (Report). Southeastern Archaeology Conference. p. 33. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  103. 103.Rock, Carolyn (May 1, 2010). "The San Pedro Mission Village on Cumberland Island, Georgia" (PDF). Journal of Global Initiatives: 87.
  104. 104.Hann 1990, pp. 437–438.
  105. 105.Hann 1990, p. 491.
  106. 106.San Pedro served Chine people living in Apalachee Province.
  107. 107.Hann 2006, pp. 25–27.
  108. 108.The mission may have moved more than once.
  109. 109.Hann 1990, pp. 480–482.
  110. 110.Hann 1990, pp. 473–474.
  111. 111.Hann 1990, p. 438.
  112. 112.Hann 1990, pp. 487, 506–507.
  113. 113.Hann 1990, p. 435.
  114. 114.Hann indicates that historical mentions of a mission at Santa Ana are unreliable.
  115. 115.Milanich 1995, p. 187.
  116. 116.Hann 1990, pp. 471–473.
  117. 117.Hann 1990, pp. 440.
  118. 118."Florida Sites". Historical Archaeology. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  119. 119."The Doctrina of Santa Catalina de Guale at Santa Maria on Amelia Island (1686-1702) Historical Background and Mortuary Analysis - Publication | Amelia Island Museum of History". ameliaisland.pastperfectonline.com. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  120. 120.Partridge, Dennis (2021-06-29). "Harrison Cemetery — Amelia Island Genealogical Society". Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  121. 121.[121.2]Hann 1990, p. 498.
  122. 122.Hann 1990, p. 446.
  123. 123.Hann 1990, p. 499–500.
  124. 124."Borderland Conferences". Aucilla Research Institute. Retrieved 2024-08-24.
  125. 125.Hann 1996a, pp. 270–71.
  126. 126.Milanich 1999a, p. 174.
  127. 127.Hann 1990, p. 489.
  128. 128.Hann 1990, pp. 462–463.
  129. 129.Hann 1990, p. 474.
  130. 130.Santa Isabel was located somewhere in the southern part of the Altamaha River basin, northeast of the mission at Santa Cruz de Tarihica.
  131. 131.Hann 1990, p. 463.
  132. 132.Boyer 2017, p. ?.
  133. 133.Hann 1990, p. 487.
  134. 134.Hann 1990, p. 482.
  135. 135.Milanich 1995, p. 230.
  136. 136.Hann 1990, pp. 470–471.
  137. 137.Hann 1990, pp. 497–498.
  138. 138.Hann 1990, p. 502.
  139. 139.Hann 1990, pp. 463–464.
  140. 140.Originally by the Altamaha River on the mainland, Santo Domingo moved to St. Simon's Island by 1675.
  141. 141.Asao and Talafe were distinct towns that were later merged. Both names of the mission were used at various times.
  142. 142."Archaeological excavations at the Darien Bluff site, 9MC10 1952-1953" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-07-07.
  143. 143.Hann 1990, pp. 443–445.
  144. 144.Hann 1990, p. 452.
  145. 145.Hann 1990, p. 428.