This is a list of Spanish regents, a regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated.[1]
Reign of Joanna, Queen of Castile and Aragon
| Image | Personal Coat of Arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regencies (Governor of the Realms), disability of Queen Joanna. | ||||
| Crown of Castile: Ferdinand II of Aragon | 26 November 1504 Death of Queen Isabella the Catholic. | 27 June 1506 Queen Joanna and King Philip I's arrival. | ||
| 17 August 1507 Death of King Philip I of Castile in September 1506, followed by the recognition of the incapacity of Queen Joanna. | 23 January 1516 | |||
| Crown of Castile: Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros | 23 January 1516 Death of King Ferdinand II. | 19 September 1517 King Charles I's arrival. | ||
| Crown of Aragon: Alonso de Aragón Queen's Guardian and Germaine of Foix Lieutenant General | 23 January 1516 Death of King Ferdinand II. | 29 July 1518 Charles I become co-monarch with his mother Queen Joanna. | ||
Reign of Charles I
| Image | Personal Coat of Arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regencies (Governor of the Realms) during Charles I's absences.[2] | ||||
| Cardinal Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens | May 1520 | January 1522 Election as Pope. | ||
| Eleanor of Austria | January 1522 | July 1522 King Charles I's arrival. | ||
| Empress Isabella | July 1529 | April 1533 King Charles I's arrival. | ||
| April 1535 | December 1536 King Charles I's arrival. | |||
| July 1538 | 1 May 1539 Death of Empress Isabella. | |||
| Juan Pardo de Tavera (de facto) | November 1539 Charles I's absences. | November 1541 King Charles I's arrival. | ||
| Prince Philip[3] (de jure) | ||||
| Prince Philip | May 1543 | 1548 | ||
| Archduke Maximilian[4] and Maria of Austria | 1 October 1548 Charles I and Prince Philip's absences. | 12 July 1551 Prince Philip's arrival. | ||
| Prince Philip | 12 July 1551 | July 1554 | ||
| Joanna of Austria, Princess Dowager of Portugal | July 1554 Charles I and Prince Philip's absences. | 8 September 1559 King Philip II's arrival. (Became monarch in 1556) | ||
Reign of Philip III
| Image | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regency (Governor of the Realms) as President of the Council of Castile during King Philip III's visit to Portugal. | |||
| Fernando de Acevedo | 22 April 1619 | 4 December 1619 | |
Reign of Charles II
| Image | Personal Coat of Arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Queen Regent during the minority of King Charles II. | ||||
| Mariana of Austria | 17 September 1665 Death of King Philip IV.[5] | 6 November 1675 Charles II's majority.[6] | ||
| Regency (Lieutenant General of the Realms) during King Charles II's illness. | ||||
| Cardinal Luis Fernández de Portocarrero | 29 October 1700[7] | 1 November 1700 Death of King Charles II. | ||
Reign of Philip V
| Image | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government Board of the Realms. | |||
| Maria Anna of Neuburg (Queen Dowager); Cardinal Portocarrero; Fray Manuel Arias y Porres (President of the Council of Castile); Fernando de Aragón y Moncada (President of the Council of Aragon); Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Ponce de León (President of the Council of Italy); Juan Domingo Méndez de Haro y Sotomayor (President of the Council of Flanders); Rodrigo Manuel Manrique de Lara (Council of State); Baltasar de Mendoza y Sandoval (Grand Inquisitor); Francisco Pimentel y de Herrera, Count of Benavente[8] | 1 November 1700 | 18 February 1701 King Philip V's arrival. | |
| Image | Personal Coat of Arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regency (General Governor of the Realms) during King Philip V's absence. | ||||
| Cardinal Luis Fernández de Portocarrero | 1 September 1701[9] | 17 January 1703[10] | ||
Reign of Charles III
| Image | Personal Coat of Arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Queen Regent during King Charles III's absence. | ||||
| Elisabeth Farnese | 10 August 1759 Death of King Ferdinand VI. | 9 December 1759 King Charles III's arrival. | ||
First Reign of Ferdinand VII
| Image | Personal Coat of Arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supreme Board of Government, French invasion (King Ferdinand VII's absence). President: | ||||
| Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain | 10 April 1808 | 4 May 1808 Infante Antonio Pascual's departure to Bayonne. | ||
French Invasion and Reign of Joseph Bonaparte
| Image | Personal Coat of Arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lieutenant General of the Realm. | ||||
| Joachim Murat | 4 May 1808[11] | 20 July 1808 King Joseph's arrival. | ||
| Image | Personal Coat of Arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor's Lieutenant General in Spain. | ||||
| Jean-de-Dieu Soult | 1 July 1813 King Joseph's departure.[12] | 11 December 1813 Treaty of Valençay | ||
Second Reign of Ferdinand VII
Peninsular War
| Regencies at Peninsular War, against the French invaders. | |||
| Image | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|
| Supreme Central and Governing Board of the Realm. Presidents: | |||
| José Moñino, 1st Count of Floridablanca (Acting) | 25 September 1808 | 1 October 1808 | |
| 1 October 1808 | 30 December 1808 | ||
| Vicente Joaquín Osorio de Moscoso y Guzmán, 15th Marquis of Astorga (Acting) | 30 December 1808 | 1 May 1809 | |
| 1 May 1809 | 1 November 1809 | ||
| Juan Acisclo de Vera | 1 November 1809 | 31 January 1810 | |
| Regency Board of Spain and the Indies. Presidents: | |||
| Francisco Javier Castaños | 1 February 1810 | 29 May 1810 | |
| Pedro de Quevedo y Quintano | 29 May 1810 | 26 September 1810 | |
| Francisco Saavedra de Sangronis | 27 September 1810 | 28 October 1810 | |
| Pedro Agar y Bustillo | 28 October 1810 | 8 December 1810 | |
| Joaquín Blake y Joyes | 8 December 1810 | 8 April 1811 | |
| Pedro Agar y Bustillo | 8 April 1811 | 8 August 1811 | |
| Gabriel de Císcar y Císcar | 8 August de 1811 | 8 December de 1811 | |
| Pedro Agar y Bustillo | 8 December 1811 | 22 January 1812 | |
| Regency Council of the Realm. Presidents: | |||
| Joaquín de Mosquera y Figueroa | 22 January 1812 | 15 June 1812 | |
| Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo, 13th Duke of the Infantado | 15 June 1812 | 15 December 1812 | |
| Juan María de Villavicencio | 15 December 1812 | 8 March 1813 | |
| Luis María de Borbón y Vallabriga, 14th Count of Chinchón (Acting) | 8 March 1813 | 22 March 1813 | |
| 22 March 1813 | 10 May 1814 King Ferdinand VII's arrival. | ||
Liberal Triennium and Hundred Thousand Sons of St. Louis Intervention
| Regencies during the Hundred Thousand Sons of St. Louis Intervention. | |||
| Enshrined in the Cortes (Spanish Parliament) | |||
| Image | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|
| Provisional Regency Council of the Realm. President: | |||
| Cayetano Valdés y Flores | 11 June 1823 King Ferdinand VII prisoner of the Cortes. | 15 June 1823 | |
| Enshrined in the French army | |||
| Image | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
| Provisional Government Board of Spain and the Indies. President: | |||
| Francisco de Eguía | 9 April 1823 | 25 May 1823 | |
| Regency Council of the Realm during King's Captivity. President: | |||
| Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo, 13th Duke of the Infantado | 25 May 1823 | 1 October 1823 King Ferdinand VII's liberation. | |
Reign of Isabella II
| Regencies during the minority of Queen Isabella II: | ||||
| Image | Personal Coat of Arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Queen Regent | ||||
| Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies | 29 September 1833 Death of King Ferdinand VII. | 12 October 1840 Queen Regent's deposition. | ||
| Provisional Regency of the Realm. President: | ||||
| Baldomero Espartero | 12 October 1840 | 10 May 1841 | ||
| Regent of the Realm | ||||
| Baldomero Espartero | 10 May 1841 | 23 July 1843 General Espartero's deposition and Queen Isabella II's majority. | ||
Interregnum and Reign of Amadeo
| Image | Name | Term start | Term end |
|---|---|---|---|
| Provisional Government and Executive Power.[13] President: | |||
| Francisco Serrano y Domínguez | (President of the Provisional Government) 8 October 1868 Queen Isabella II's deposition. | 25 February 1869 | |
| (President of the Executive Power) 25 February 1869 | 18 June 1869 | ||
| Image | Personal Coat of Arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regent of the Realm | ||||
| Francisco Serrano y Domínguez | 18 June 1869 | 2 January 1871 King Amadeo's arrival. | ||
Reign of Alfonso XII
| Image | Personal Coat of Arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regency Ministry during King Alfonso XII's absence. President: | ||||
| Antonio Cánovas del Castillo | 31 December 1874 Bourbon dynasty restored. | 14 January 1875 King Alfonso XII's arrival. | ||
Reign of Alfonso XIII
| Image | Personal Coat of Arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Queen Regent after the death of Alfonso XII (who died while she was pregnant) and during the minority of King Alfonso XIII (who was born king). | ||||
| Maria Christina of Austria Death of King Alfonso XII. | 26 November 1885 | 17 May 1902 King Alfonso XIII's majority. | ||
Dictatorship of Francisco Franco
| Image | Personal coat of arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National interregnum under the Francoist regime. | ||||
| Francisco Franco, Caudillo of Spain | 26 July 1947 Restoration of the "Kingdom of Spain" | 20 November 1975 Died | ||
| Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel | 20 November 1975 As President of the Regency Council after Franco's death. | 22 November 1975 Juan Carlos became monarch. | ||
Acting regents
| Image | Name | Regency start | Regency end | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regency Council during Francisco Franco's visit to Portugal. | ||||
| Esteban de Bilbao Eguía; Leopoldo Eijo y Garay; Miguel Ponte y Manso de Zúñiga[14] | 22 October 1949 | 27 October 1949 | ||
| Image | Personal Coat of arms | Name | Regency start | Regency end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acting Head of State during Francisco Franco's illness. | ||||
| Juan Carlos, Prince of Spain | 19 July 1974 | 2 September 1974 | ||
| 30 October 1975 | 20 November 1975 Death of Francisco Franco. | |||
References
- 1.The Oxford English Dictionary defines the term as "A person appointed to administer a State because the Monarch is a minor, is absent or is incapacitated."
- 2.Pernot, François (2003). La Franche-Comté espagnole: à travers les archives de Simancas, une autre histoire des Franc-Comtois et de leurs relations avec l'Espagne de 1493 à 1678 (in French). Presses Univ. Franche-Comté. p. 32. ISBN 978-2-84867-032-4.
- 3."Carlos V - Carlos de Gante - Los viajes del emperador". www.cervantesvirtual.com. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
- 4."Carlos V - Carlos de Gante - Los viajes del emperador". www.cervantesvirtual.com. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
- 5.Coleccion de los tratados de paz, alianza, neutralidad, garantia ... hechos por los pueblos, reyes y principes de España con los pueblos, reyes, principes, republicas y demás potencias de Europa ...: desde antes del establecimiento de la monarchia gothica hasta el feliz reynado del rey N.S. D. Fernando VI (in Spanish). por Antonio Marin, Juan de Zuñiga y la viuda de Peralta. 1751. pp. 678–718.
- 6.Gaceta de Madrid, 9 de noviembre de 1700 (in Spanish).
- 7.Ubilla y Medina, Antonio; Pallota, Felipe; Edelinck, Gérard; García Infanzon, Juan; Ardemans, Teodoro; Causé, Lambrecht; Berterham, Jan Baptist (1704). Succession de el rey D. Phelipe V, nuestro Señor en la corona de España : diario de sus viages desde Versalles a Madrid, el que executó para su feliz casamiento, jornada a Napoles, a Milan, y a su exercito, successos de la campaña, y su buelta a Madrid. Getty Research Institute. En Madrid : Por Juan Garcia Infanzon ...
- 8.Gaceta de Madrid, 2 de noviembre de 1700 (in Spanish).
- 9.Gaceta de Madrid, 6 de septiembre de 1701 (in Spanish).
- 10.Gaceta de Madrid, 23 de enero de 1703 (in Spanish)
- 11.Gaceta de Madrid, 13 de mayo 1808 (in Spanish)
- 12.Lafuente, Modesto (1861). Historia general de España (in Spanish). Establecimiento Tipográfico de Mellado.
- 13.The official name of " Executive Power " between 1868 and 1874, designates a transitory and undefined authority without a constitutional configuration.
- 14.BOE 21 october 1949 (in Spanish)