Operation Diadem order of battle is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in the fighting on the Winter Line and at the Anzio bridgehead south of Rome during Operation Diadem in May - June 1944 which resulted in the Allied breakthrough at Cassino and the breakout at Anzio leading to the capture of Rome.
Allied Armies in Italy
U.S. Fifth Army
Commander:
U.S. VI Corps (At Anzio)
- U.S. 3rd Infantry Division (Brigadier General John W. O'Daniel) until 25 May 1944
- British 1st Infantry Division (Major-General John Hawkesworth)
- U.S. 45th Infantry Division (Major General William W. Eagles)
- U.S. 1st Armored Division (Major General Ernest N. Harmon)
- U.S. 34th Infantry Division (Major General Charles W. Ryder)
- U.S. 36th Infantry Division (Major General Fred L. Walker) (from 18 May 1944)
- British 5th Infantry Division (Major-General Philip Gregson-Ellis)
- First Special Service Force (3 regiments of two battalions each, U.S. and Canadian) (Brigadier General Robert T. Frederick)
U.S. II Corps (on the Winter Line)
- U.S. 88th Infantry Division (Major General John E. Sloan
- U.S. 85th Infantry Division (Major General John B. Coulter)
- 1st U.S. Armored Group (three tank battalions)
- U.S. 3rd Infantry Division (Brigadier General John W. O'Daniel) (from 25 May)
Corps Expéditionnaire Français (French Expeditionary Corps) (on the Winter Line)
- 3ème Division d'Infanterie Algérienne (3rd Algerian Infantry Division) (Général de division (Major-General) Joseph de Goislard de Monsabert)
- 4ème Division Marocaine de Montagne (4th Moroccan Mountain Division) (Général de division (Major-General) François Sevez)
- 2ème Division d'Infanterie Marocaine (2nd Moroccan Infantry Division) (Général de division(Major-General) André W. Dody)
- 1ère Division Française Libre/1ère Division Motorisée d'Infanterie (1st Motorised Infantry Division) (Général de division (Major-General) Diego Brosset)
- Commandement des Goums Marocains (Command of Moroccan Goumiers - Three Groups of Tabors each comprising three tabors of 500 to 800 men) (Général de brigade (Brigadier-General) Augustin Guillaume)
- Corps Troops 7ème et 8ème Régiments de Chasseurs d'Afrique (7th and 8th African Light Cavalry Regiment) (M10 tank destroyers); Régiment d'Artillerie Coloniale du Levant (Levant Colonial Artillery Regiment); 64ème Régiment d'Artillerie d'Afrique (64th African Artillery Regiment); Groupe de canonniers-marins (Navy Artillery Battalion - two batteries)
Army Reserve
- H.Q. U.S. IV Corps
- U.S. 36th Infantry Division (Major-General Fred L. Walker) (Until 18 May 1944)
British Eighth Army (on the Winter Line)
Commander:
British XIII Corps
- British 4th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Ward)
- British 6th Armoured Division (Major-General Vyvyan Evelegh)
- 8th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Russell)
- British 78th Infantry Division (Major-General Charles Keightley)
- 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade (Brigadier W. C. Murphy)
I Canadian Corps
- 1st Canadian Infantry Division (Major-General Chris Vokes)
- 5th Canadian Armoured Division (Major-General Bert Hoffmeister)
- British 25th Army Tank Brigade (Brigadier J.N. Tetley)
Polish II Corps
- Polish 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division (Major-General Bolesław Bronisław Duch)
- Polish 5th Kresowa Infantry Division (Major-General Nikodem Sulik)
- Polish 2nd Armoured Brigade (Brigadier-General Bronislaw Rakowski)
British X Corps
- 2nd New Zealand Division (Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard Freyberg)
- British 24th Guards Brigade (Brigadier A.F.L. Clive)
- British 2nd Parachute Brigade (Brigadier C.H.V. Pritchard)
- 12th South African Motorised Brigade (Brigadier R.J. Palmer)
- Italian Corps of Liberation (Six battalions and a regiment of artillery) (General Umberto Utili)[1]
Army Reserve
- 6th South African Armoured Division (Major-General Evered Poole)
British V Corps (On the Adriatic front in a holding role directly under A.A.I.)
- 4th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Arthur Holworthy)
- 10th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General Denys Reid)
- British 23rd Armoured Brigade (Brigadier R.H.B. Arkwright)
German Army Group C
Commander:
Army Group Reserve
- 1st Paratroop Panzer Division (Brigadier-General Wilhelm Schmalz) (in OKW Reserve[2])
- 26th Panzer Division (Lieutenant-General Smilo Freiherr von Lüttwitz)
- 29th Panzergrenadier Division (Lieutenant-General Walter Fries)
- 90th Panzergrenadier Division (Major-General Ernst-Günther Baade)
- 92nd Infantry Division (Major-General Werner Goeritz) (Tiber Coastal Command[3])
Fourteenth Army (at Anzio)
I Parachute Corps
- 3rd Panzergrenadier Division (Brigadier-General Hans Hecker to 1 June then Major-General Hans-Günther von Rost to 25 June then Major-General Walter Denkert)
- 4th Parachute Division (Major-General Heinrich Trettner)
- 65th Infantry Division (Major-General Hellmuth Pfeifer)
LXXVI Panzer Corps
- 362nd Infantry Division (Major-General Heinz Greiner)
- 715th Infantry Division (Major-General Hans-Georg Hildebrandt)
Tenth Army (on the Winter Line)
XIV Panzer Corps
- 15th Panzergrenadier Division (Major-General Rudolf Sperl)
- 71st Infantry Division (Major-General Wilhelm Raapke)
- 94th Infantry Division (Major-General Bernhard Steinmetz)
LI Mountain Corps
- 1st Parachute Division (Lieutenant-General Richard Heidrich)
- 5th Mountain Division (Major-General Max-Günther Schrank)
- 44th Infantry Division (Major-General Bruno Ortner)
- 114th Jäger Division (Major-General Alexander Bourquin to 19 May 1944 then Major-General Hans Boelsen)
Korpsgruppe Hauck (on Adriatic front in holding role)
- 305th Infantry Division (Lieutenant-General Friedrich-Wilhelm Hauck)
- 334th Infantry Division (Major-General Hellmuth Böhlke)
Armeegruppe von Zangen (in northern Italy)
LXXV Army Corps
- 356th Infantry Division (Major-General Egon von Neindorff until 15 May then Major-General Karl Faulenbach)
- 162nd Turkoman Division (Major-General Oskar von Niedermayer)
Corps Witthöft (Eastern sub-Alpine region)
- 188th Mountain Division (Major-General Hans von Hößlin)
- 278th Infantry Division (elements) (Major-General Harry Hoppe)
Corps Kübler (Adriatic coastal region)
- 278th Infantry Division (most of) (Major-General Harry Hoppe)