The prior of Lanthony Secunda Priory was the head of the house and, from its foundation in 1137 until it became independent in 1205, also prior of Llanthony Prima.[1]: xi [2]: 15
The first prior of Lanthony Secunda, and the third of Llanthony Prima, was Robert de Braci, who died shortly after the church at Lanthony Secunda was consecrated.[3]: 223 [4]: 172 The last prior, Richard Hempsted, surrendered the priory in 1538 during the dissolution of the monasteries.[5]: 135–143 [6]: 470–471
Background
Llanthony Priory began as a hermitage on the edge of the Black Mountains at the beginning of the twelfth century and into a monastery of Augustinian canons c. 1118.[7]: xi [8]: 15 In 1136, amid the lawlessness that followed the death of Henry I, most of the canons fled Llanthony and founded Lanthony Secunda outside Gloucester as a cell of Llanthony Prima. Lanthony Secunda remained a cell of Llanthony Prima, with a shared prior, until it became independent in 1205.[7]: xi [8]: 17–19
In 1481 Edward IV granted Lanthony Secunda, then under Henry Deane, a charter making Llanthony Prima a cell of its former daughter house. The charter required that Lanthony Secunda maintain at Llanthony Prima a dative prior and four canons.[6]: 469 [8]: 227–228
Priors
| From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1131 | 1137 | Robert de Braci | Third prior of Llanthony Prima and first prior of Lanthony Secunda. Died in 1137.[3]: 223 [4]: 172 |
| 1137 | 1150 | William of Wycombe | Elected in late 1137. Forced to resign in 1150.[4]: 172 [5]: 8–16 [9]: 151 |
| 1150 | c. 1169×1174 | Clement of Llanthony | Formerly sub-prior of Llanthony. Unanimously elected in 1150.[4]: 172 [5]: 16–25 |
| c. 1174 | c. 1186×1189 | Roger of Norwich | Formerly sub-prior of Llanthony. First occurs as prior in 1174. Resigned or died c. 1186×1189.[7]: 75 [4]: 172 [5]: 26–29 |
| c. 1185×1189 | 1203 | Geoffrey de Henlaw | First occurs as prior c. 1185×1189. Appointed bishop of St Davids in 1203 and resigned as prior. Died in 1214.[4]: 172 [5]: 29–33 [9]: 151 |
| c. 1203 | c. 1205 | Martin | Eighth prior of Llanthony Prima and sixth prior of Lanthony Secunda. The two houses separated during his priorship. Elected to continue as prior of Llanthony Prima.[3]: 225, 227 [4]: 172 [5]: 36–37 |
| c. 1205 | c. 1207 | Walter of Monmouth | [4]: 173 [5]: 37 |
| c. 1207 | c. 1216 | Gilbert | [4]: 173 [5]: 37 |
| c. 1217 | 1240 | John of Hempsted | Died in December 1240[4]: 173 [5]: 40 |
| c. 1241 | 1251 | Godfrey of Banbury | Believed to have succeeded John in 1241. Likely to be the unnamed prior who resigned in 1251.[5]: 46 [10]: 414 |
| 1251 | Everard (also Edward) | Succeeded in 1251[5]: 46 | |
| c. 1260×1265 | c. 1264 | Godfrey of Banbury | Reinstated or reelected.[5]: 46 [10]: 414 |
| c. 1265 | William of Ashwell | First occurs in either Oct 1260×Jun 1261 or July 1263×Aug 1265. Last occurs in 1279.[5]: 46 [10]: 414 | |
| 1283 | 1300 | Walter of Markley (also Marckleye, Marcley, Martleg, Martleya) | Elected in March 1283 and assaulted by a fellow canon shortly after his election. Last recorded in 1300.[5]: 61 [10]: 414 |
| 1300 | 1301 | Thomas of Gloucester | Elected in 1300, but objected to on grounds that he was excommunicated. Resigned in 1301.[11]: 291–292 |
| 1301 | c. 1322 | John of Chandos | First recorded as acting prior in June 1300. Last occurs in 1320.[5]: 67 [10]: 414 |
| c. 1322 | 1324 | William of Pendebury (also Penebury, Pyndebury) | Probably succeeded in 1322. Forced to resign by the king in March 1324.[5]: 76 [10]: 414 |
| 1324 | 1324 | Adam of Helnak | Granted custody of the priory by the king in May 1324 after a disputed election.[5]: 79–80 |
| 1324 | Robert of Gloucester | Elected in 1324 but never installed as prior. Election was declared void by the bishop of Winchester in 1325 and William of Pendebury was reinstated.[5]: 79–80 [10]: 415 | |
| 1326 | 1362 | William of Pendebury | Reinstated in September 1326. Died in November 1362.[5]: 81 [10]: 415 |
| 1362 | 1377 | Simon of Brockworth | Elected in November 1362. Died in February 1377.[5]: 92 [10]: 415 [12]: 36 |
| 1377 | 1401 | William of Chiriton (also Cheriton) | Elected in February 1377. Previously served as proctor of the priory in Ireland, 1360 to 1364. Died in 1401.[5]: 96, 107 [12]: 26 |
| 1401 | 1408 | John Lymnor (also Lymnon, Lymnour, Lymynour) | Elected in 1401. Died in August 1408.[5]: 108 [6]: 469 |
| 1408 | 1436 | John Wyche | Elected in August 1408. Died in April 1436.[5]: 109, 115 [12]: 26 [6]: 469 |
| 1436 | 1457 | John Garland (also Garlonde, Gerland) | Elected in May 1436. Died by in October 1457.[5]: 115–120 [6]: 470 |
| 1457 | 1466 | John Hayward (also Heyward) | Elected in October 1457. Ceased being prior c. February 1460, shortly after being released from prison. Died in 1487.[5]: 120–122 [12]: 26 [6]: 470 |
| 1466 | c. 1466×1467 | John Schoyer (also Shoyer) | [5]: 121–122 [6]: 470 |
| 1467 | 1501 | Henry Deane (also Dean, Denny, Deen) | Likely succeeded Schoyer in April 1461. Resigned in May 1501 to become archbishop of Canterbury. Died in 1503. Llanthony Prima became a daughter house of Lanthony Secunda during his term.[5]: 122–131 [6]: 470 |
| 1501 | 1525 | Edmund Forest (also Forrest, Shyar) | Elected in August 1501. Likely removed as prior in 1525.[5]: 132–135 [6]: 470 [12]: 26, 230 [13]: 29 |
| 1525 | 1538 | Richard Hempsted (also Harte, Hart) | First occurs as prior in 1525. Acknowledged royal supremacy in 1534, surrendered the priory in March 1538. Died in 1545.[5]: 135–143 [6]: 470–471 |
References
- 1.Bartlett, Robert (2022). The history of Llanthony priory. Oxford medieval texts - cloth (1 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-286649-3.
- 2.Williams, David H. (2009). "Llanthony Prima Priory". The Monmouthshire Antiquary. 25–26: 13–50.
- 3.[3.2][3.3]Lovegrove, E. W. (1942). "Llanthony Priory". Archaeologia Cambrensis. 97: 213–229.
- 4.[4.2][4.3][4.4][4.5][4.6][4.7][4.8][4.9][4.10]Knowles, David; Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence; London, Vera C. M., eds. (2001). "The Augustinian Canons". The heads of religious houses, England and Wales, I, 940-1216. The Heads of Religious Houses (2nd ed.). Cambridge, U.K New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-04167-9.
- 5.[5.2][5.3][5.4][5.5][5.6][5.7][5.8][5.9][5.10][5.11][5.12][5.13][5.14][5.15][5.16][5.17][5.18][5.19][5.20][5.21][5.22][5.23][5.24][5.25][5.26][5.27][5.28][5.29]Langston, J. N. (1942). "Priors of Lanthony by Gloucester" (PDF). Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society. 63: 1–144.
- 6.[6.2][6.3][6.4][6.5][6.6][6.7][6.8][6.9][6.10]Smith, David Michael (2008). The heads of religious houses, England and Wales, III. 1377-1540. Cambridge: Cambridge university press. ISBN 978-0-521-86508-1.
- 7.[7.2][7.3]Bartlett, Robert (2022). The history of Llanthony priory. Oxford medieval texts - cloth (1 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-286649-3.
- 8.[8.2][8.3]Williams, David H. (2009). "Llanthony Prima Priory". The Monmouthshire Antiquary. 25–26: 13–50.
- 9.[9.2]Cowley, Frederick George (1977). The monastic order in South Wales, 1066-1349. Studies in Welsh history. University of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press [for] the History and Law Committee of the Board of Celtic Studies. ISBN 978-0-7083-0648-2.
- 10.[10.2][10.3][10.4][10.5][10.6][10.7][10.8][10.9]Smith, David Michael; London, Vera C. M. (2001). The heads of religious houses, England and Wales (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge university press. ISBN 978-0-521-80271-0.
- 11.Geddes, Ann Mahling (Jan 1997). The Priory of Lanthony by Gloucester: An Augustinian House in an English Town, 1136-1401 (PhD thesis). Baltimore, Maryland.
- 12.[12.2][12.3][12.4][12.5]Hogan, Arlene (2006). The lands of Llanthony Prima and Secunda in Ireland 1172-1541. Trinity College Dublin.
- 13.Roberts, George (1846). Some Account of Llanthony Priory, Monmouthshire. London: W. Pickering (published 1847).