The Spanish missions in Mexico are a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholic Franciscans, Jesuits, Augustinians, and Dominicans to spread the Christian doctrine among the local natives. Since 1493, the Kingdom of Spain had maintained a number of missions throughout Nueva España (New Spain, consisting of what is today Mexico, the Southwestern United States, the Florida and the Luisiana, Central America, the Spanish Caribbean and the Philippines) in order to preach the gospel to these lands. In 1533, at the request of Hernán Cortés, Carlos V sent the first Franciscan friars with orders to establish a series of installations throughout the country.
Missions
Baja California
Coahuila
- Mission San Francisco Solano[1][2]
- Mission San Juan Bautista[3]
- Mission Dulce Nombre de Jesus de Peyotes[4] in Villa Union
- Mission San Andrés de Nava
- Mission San Buenaventura de la Consolación
- Mission Nuestra Señora de Dolores de la Punta in Lampazos
- Mission San Bernardino de la Candela
- Mission San Buenaventura in Cuatrocienegas
- Mission Santa Rosa de Nadadores
- Mission San Francisco de Saltillo
- Mission San Miguel de Aguayo in Monclova
Nuevo León
Nuevo Santander
Nueva Vizcaya
Topia, the western province of Nueva Vizcaya, contained three major missions: Xiximes, San Andrés, and Santa Cruz de Topia. These were each subdivided into several districts, or partidos, each of which in turn contained several pueblos, or visitas.[5]
Xiximes
First district:
Second district:
Third district:
Fourth district:
- San Ignacio[5]
- San Gerónimo Adia (or Ahoya)[5]
- San Juan[5]
- San Francisco Cababayan (or Cabazan)[5]
- San Agustin[5]
San Andrés
First district:
Second district:
Third district:
Fourth district:
Santa Cruz de Topia
First district:
Second district:
- San Martin Atotonilco[5]
- Santiago Merirato[5]
- San Ignacio Coriatapa[5]
- San Pedro Guatenipa[5]
- San Ignacio Bamupa[5]
- San Luis Soyatlán[5]
- Nabogame (or Saboguame)[5]
Third district:
- San Ignacio de Tamazula[6]
- San Martin Atotonilco[5]
- San Ignacio Atotonilco[5]
- San Joaquin Chapotlan[5]
- San José Canelas[5]
Parras, the eastern province of Nueva Vizcaya, contained six major missions with their visitas, as follows.[5]
Santa María de Parras
- el Pozo
- La Peña
- Santa Barbara
San Pedro y San Pablo de Laguna
- Concepcion
San Lorenzo
- Horno
- Santa Ana
San Sebastian
- San Geronimo
San Ignacio
- San Juan de Casta
Santiago
- San José de las Abas
- Baicuco
Mission San Pablo Tepehuanes[6] had the following partidos and visitas:[5]
First district:
- Santiago Papasquiaro
- San Andrés Atotonilco
- San Nicolás
Second district:
- Santa Catalina
- Tepehuanes presidio
Third district:
Fourth district:
- San José Tizonazo
- Santa Cruz
Other missions in Nueva Vizcaya included:
- Mission San Jeronimo, in Aldama
- Mission Santa Rosalía in Camargo
- Mission San Francisco de Conchos[6]
- Mission San Ignacio de Cariatapa[6]
- Mission San Gregorio de la Sierra[6]
Sonora y Sinaloa
- Mission La Purísima Concepción de Caborca[9]
- Mission San Antonio de Oquitoa[10]
- Mission San Diagos de Pitiquito[11]
- Mission San Ignacio de Cabórica[12]
- Mission San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama[13]
- Mission Santa María Magdalena[14]
- Mission Santa Teresa de Atil
- Mission Santiago y Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Cocóspera[15]
- Mission San Miguel de Ures[16]
Other
- Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro
- Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl
- Mendicant monasteries in Mexico
References
- 1."SAN FRANCISCO SOLANO MISSION | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA)". Tshaonline.org. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- 2."SAN JUAN BAUTISTA | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA)". Tshaonline.org. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- 3."SAN JUAN BAUTISTA | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA)". Tshaonline.org. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- 4.The Presidio and Militia on the Northern Frontier of New Spain: A Documentary History, Volume Two, Part Two: The Central Corridor and the Texas Corridor, 1700-1765. University of Arizona Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-8165-1693-3.
- 5.[5.2][5.3][5.4][5.5][5.6][5.7][5.8][5.9][5.10][5.11][5.12][5.13][5.14][5.15][5.16][5.17][5.18][5.19][5.20][5.21][5.22][5.23][5.24][5.25][5.26][5.27][5.28][5.29][5.30][5.31][5.32][5.33][5.34][5.35][5.36][5.37]Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1884). History of the North Mexican States... A. L. Bancroft. pp. 341–344.
- 6.[6.2][6.3][6.4][6.5][6.6][6.7][6.8][6.9][6.10][6.11][6.12]Deeds, Susan M. (1 August 2003). Defiance and Deference in Mexico's Colonial North: Indians Under Spanish Rule in Nueva Vizcaya. University of Texas Press. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-0-292-70551-7.
- 7.Later Nuestra Señora del Zape.
- 8.Also called Potrero; later San José
- 9."Mission Churches of the Sonoran Desert". Parentseyes.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- 10."Mission Churches of the Sonoran Desert". Parentseyes.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- 11."Mission Churches of the Sonoran Desert". Parentseyes.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- 12."Mission Churches of the Sonoran Desert". Parentseyes.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- 13."Mission Churches of the Sonoran Desert". Parentseyes.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- 14."Mission Churches of the Sonoran Desert". Parentseyes.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- 15."Mission Churches of the Sonoran Desert". Parentseyes.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- 16.Murrieta, Cynthia Radding (1997). Wandering Peoples: Colonialism, Ethnic Spaces, and Ecological Frontiers in Northwestern Mexico, 1700-1850. Duke University Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-8223-1899-6.