List of current cardinals

Contents

Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome. They are typically ordained bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are chosen by the pope and formally created in a consistory, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant (sede vacante), following the death or resignation of a pope. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals.[1][2]

Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis (1996), only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to take part in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.[3] The same apostolic constitution specifies that no more than 120 cardinals may take part in a conclave, but makes no provision for there being more than 120 eligible cardinal electors,[3] a number that has often been exceeded.[4] Cardinals may be created in pectore (lit. 'in the breast'), in which case the pope does not reveal their identities; they are not entitled to the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published by the pope. The creations of any such cardinals whose names have not been revealed before the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.[1][5]

As of 3 August 2026, there are 240 cardinals, 116 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 7 December 2024, when Pope Francis created 21 cardinals, including 20 cardinal electors.[6] Michael Czerny was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 18 July 2026. Thomas Collins will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 16 January 2027. The most recent death of a cardinal was that of Júlio Duarte Langa on 3 August 2026, at the age of 98.[7]

Orders of the College of Cardinals, and order of precedence

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence:[1]

  1. Cardinal bishops (CB): six cardinals who are chosen by the pope to be titular bishops of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome, plus a few additional cardinals who have been exceptionally "co-opted" as cardinal bishops,[8][9] as well as patriarchs who lead one of the Eastern Catholic Churches.[10][11][12] The two most senior cardinal bishops, who are elected by the cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) from among themselves with papal approval, are the dean and the vice dean,[1] currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively. Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop is currently Pietro Parolin.[13]
  2. Cardinal priests (CP): bishops and archbishops, typically in charge of dioceses around the world, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted to be elevated to become cardinal priests.[14] The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is currently Peter Turkson.[13]
  3. Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops and archbishops who work in the Roman Curia or the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and all other clergy, including priests who have been granted a dispensation from the normal requirement that a person must be consecrated a bishop before becoming a cardinal. A cardinal deacon may opt (Latin: optatio) to become a cardinal priest after having served as a cardinal deacon for ten years.[1][15] The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Dominique Mamberti; he is also the senior cardinal deacon among the cardinal electors. The junior cardinal deacon is currently George Koovakad;[13] he is also the junior cardinal deacon among the electors.

For cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

All cardinals listed are members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters. Cardinals in pastoral ministry are classified under the country in which their respective dioceses are located, although they may be citizens of another country.

Cardinals: listed in order of precedence

RankNameCountryBornOrderConsistoryOfficeRef.
1Giovanni Battista Re*Italy30 January 1934 (age 92)CB21 February 2001[16] John Paul IIPrefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops (Dean)[17]
2Leonardo Sandri*Argentina18 November 1943 (age 82)CB24 November 2007[18] Benedict XVIPrefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches (Vice Dean)[19]
3Francis Arinze*Nigeria1 November 1932 (age 93)CB25 May 1985[20] John Paul IIPrefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments[21]
4Tarcisio Bertone SDB*Italy2 December 1934 (age 91)CB21 October 2003[22] John Paul IISecretary of State emeritus of His Holiness and Camerlengo emeritus of the Holy Roman Church[23]
5José Saraiva Martins CMF*Portugal6 January 1932 (age 94)CB21 February 2001[24] John Paul IIPrefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints[25]
6Pietro ParolinItaly17 January 1955 (age 71)CB22 February 2014[26] FrancisSecretary of State of His Holiness[27][28]
7Marc Ouellet PSS*Canada8 June 1944 (age 82)CB21 October 2003[26] John Paul IIPrefect emeritus of the Dicastery for Bishops[29]
8Fernando Filoni*Italy15 April 1946 (age 80)CB18 February 2012[30] Benedict XVIGrand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre[31]
9Beniamino Stella*Italy18 August 1941 (age 85)CB22 February 2014[32] FrancisPrefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy[33]
10Luis Antonio TaglePhilippines21 June 1957 (age 69)CB24 November 2012[34] Benedict XVIPro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Evangelization[27][35]
11Bechara Boutros al-Rahi OMM*Lebanon25 February 1940 (age 86)CB24 November 2012 Benedict XVIPatriarch of Antioch (Maronite Church)[36]
12Louis Raphaël I SakoIraq4 July 1948 (age 78)CB28 June 2018 FrancisPatriarch emeritus of Baghdad (Chaldean Church)[37]
13Michael Michai Kitbunchu*Thailand25 January 1929 (age 97)CP2 February 1983 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Bangkok[38]
14Paul Poupard*France30 August 1930 (age 96)CP25 May 1985[39] John Paul IIPresident emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Culture and for Interreligious Dialogue[40]
15Friedrich Wetter*Germany20 February 1928 (age 98)CP25 May 1985 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Munich and Freising[41]
16Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez*Dominican Republic31 October 1936 (age 89)CP28 June 1991 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Santo Domingo[42]
17Roger Mahony*United States27 February 1936 (age 90)CP28 June 1991 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Los Angeles[43]
18Julius Darmaatmadja SJ*Indonesia20 December 1934 (age 91)CP26 November 1994 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Jakarta[44]
19Emmanuel Wamala*Uganda15 December 1926 (age 99)CP26 November 1994 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Kampala[45]
20Adam Maida*United States18 March 1930 (age 96)CP26 November 1994 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Detroit[46]
21Vinko Puljić*Bosnia and Herzegovina8 September 1945 (age 80)CP26 November 1994 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Vrhbosna[47]
22Juan Sandoval Íñiguez*Mexico28 March 1933 (age 93)CP26 November 1994 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Guadalajara[48]
23James Stafford*United States26 July 1932 (age 94)CP21 February 1998[49] John Paul IIMajor Penitentiary emeritus[50]
24Salvatore De Giorgi*Italy6 September 1930 (age 96)CP21 February 1998 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Palermo[51]
25Antonio María Rouco Varela*Spain20 August 1936 (age 90)CP21 February 1998 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Madrid[52]
26Christoph Schönborn OP*Austria[53]22 January 1945 (age 81)CP21 February 1998 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Vienna[54]
27Norberto Rivera Carrera*Mexico6 June 1942 (age 84)CP21 February 1998 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Mexico[55]
28Jānis Pujats*Latvia14 November 1930 (age 95)CP21 February 1998[56] John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Riga[57]
29Crescenzio Sepe*Italy2 June 1943 (age 83)CP21 February 2001[58] John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Naples[59]
30Walter Kasper*Germany5 March 1933 (age 93)CP21 February 2001[60] John Paul IIPresident emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity[61]
31Audrys Bačkis*Lithuania1 February 1937 (age 89)CP21 February 2001 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Vilnius[62]
32Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch*Chile5 September 1933 (age 93)CP21 February 2001 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile[63]
33Wilfrid Napier OFM*South Africa8 March 1941 (age 85)CP21 February 2001 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Durban[64]
34Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB*Honduras29 December 1942 (age 83)CP21 February 2001 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Tegucigalpa and Coordinator emeritus of the Council of Cardinals[65]
35Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne*Peru28 December 1943 (age 82)CP21 February 2001 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Lima[66]
36Julián Herranz Casado*Spain31 March 1930 (age 96)CP21 October 2003[67] John Paul IIPresident emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts[68]
37Angelo Scola*Italy7 November 1941 (age 84)CP21 October 2003 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Milan[69]
38Anthony Olubunmi Okogie*Nigeria16 June 1936 (age 90)CP21 October 2003 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Lagos[70]
39Gabriel Zubeir Wako*Sudan27 February 1941 (age 85)CP21 October 2003 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Khartoum[71]
40Justin Rigali*United States19 April 1935 (age 91)CP21 October 2003 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Philadelphia[72]
41Ennio Antonelli*Italy18 November 1936 (age 89)CP21 October 2003 John Paul IIPresident emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family[73]
42Peter TurksonGhana11 October 1948 (age 77)CP21 October 2003 John Paul IIChancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences[74]
43Josip BozanićCroatia20 March 1949 (age 77)CP21 October 2003 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Zagreb[75]
44Philippe BarbarinFrance17 October 1950 (age 75)CP21 October 2003 John Paul IIArchbishop emeritus of Lyon[76]
45Péter ErdőHungary25 June 1952 (age 74)CP21 October 2003 John Paul IIArchbishop of Esztergom–Budapest[77]
46Franc Rodé CM*Slovenia23 September 1934 (age 91)CP24 March 2006[78] Benedict XVIPrefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life[79]
47Agostino Vallini*Italy17 April 1940 (age 86)CP24 March 2006 Benedict XVIPontifical Legate emeritus for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi[80]
48Gaudencio Borbon Rosales*Philippines10 August 1932 (age 94)CP24 March 2006 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Manila[81]
49Jean-Pierre Ricard*France25 September 1944 (age 81)CP24 March 2006 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Bordeaux[82]
50Antonio Cañizares Llovera*Spain15 October 1945 (age 80)CP24 March 2006 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Valencia[83]
51Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap*United States29 June 1944 (age 82)CP24 March 2006 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Boston and President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors[84]
52Stanisław Dziwisz*Poland27 April 1939 (age 87)CP24 March 2006 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Kraków[85]
53Joseph Zen Ze-kiun SDB*China (Hong Kong)[86]13 January 1932 (age 94)CP24 March 2006 Benedict XVIBishop emeritus of Hong Kong[87]
54Giovanni Lajolo*Italy3 January 1935 (age 91)CP24 November 2007[88] Benedict XVIPresident emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State[89]
55Angelo Comastri*Italy17 September 1943 (age 82)CP24 November 2007[88] Benedict XVIVicar General emeritus for Vatican City, Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President emeritus of the Fabric of Saint Peter[90]
56Stanisław Ryłko*Poland4 July 1945 (age 81)CP24 November 2007[88] Benedict XVIArchpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major[91]
57Raffaele Farina SDB*Italy24 September 1933 (age 92)CP24 November 2007[88] Benedict XVIArchivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church[92]
58Seán Brady*Ireland[93]16 August 1939 (age 87)CP24 November 2007 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Armagh[94]
59Lluís Martínez i Sistach*Spain29 April 1937 (age 89)CP24 November 2007 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Barcelona[95]
60Angelo Bagnasco*Italy14 January 1943 (age 83)CP24 November 2007 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Genoa[96]
61Théodore-Adrien Sarr*Senegal28 November 1936 (age 89)CP24 November 2007 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Dakar[97]
62Oswald Gracias*India24 December 1944 (age 81)CP24 November 2007 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Bombay[98]
63Francisco Robles OrtegaMexico2 March 1949 (age 77)CP24 November 2007 Benedict XVIArchbishop of Guadalajara[99]
64Daniel DiNardoUnited States23 May 1949 (age 77)CP24 November 2007 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Galveston–Houston[100]
65Odilo SchererBrazil21 September 1949 (age 76)CP24 November 2007 Benedict XVIArchbishop of São Paulo[101]
66John Njue*Kenya1 January 1946[102] (age 80)CP24 November 2007 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Nairobi[103]
67Robert Sarah*Guinea15 June 1945 (age 81)CP20 November 2010[104] Benedict XVIPrefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments[105]
68Francesco Monterisi*Italy28 May 1934 (age 92)CP20 November 2010[104] Benedict XVIArchpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls[106]
69Raymond Leo BurkeUnited States30 June 1948 (age 78)CP20 November 2010[104] Benedict XVIPatron emeritus of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta[107]
70Kurt KochSwitzerland15 March 1950 (age 76)CP20 November 2010[104] Benedict XVIPrefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity[27][108]
71Mauro Piacenza*Italy15 September 1944 (age 81)CP20 November 2010[104] Benedict XVIMajor Penitentiary emeritus[109]
72Gianfranco Ravasi*Italy18 October 1942 (age 83)CP20 November 2010[104] Benedict XVIPresident emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Culture[110]
73Paolo Romeo*Italy20 February 1938 (age 88)CP20 November 2010 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Palermo[111]
74Donald Wuerl*United States12 November 1940 (age 85)CP20 November 2010 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Washington[112]
75Raymundo Damasceno Assis*Brazil15 February 1937 (age 89)CP20 November 2010 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Aparecida[113]
76Kazimierz NyczPoland1 February 1950 (age 76)CP20 November 2010 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Warsaw[114]
77Malcolm RanjithSri Lanka15 November 1947 (age 78)CP20 November 2010 Benedict XVIArchbishop of Colombo[115]
78Reinhard MarxGermany21 September 1953 (age 72)CP20 November 2010 Benedict XVIArchbishop of Munich and Freising and Coordinator of the Council for the Economy[27][116]
79Walter Brandmüller*Germany5 January 1929 (age 97)CP20 November 2010[104] Benedict XVIPresident emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences[117]
80Manuel Monteiro de Castro*Portugal29 March 1938 (age 88)CP18 February 2012[118] Benedict XVIMajor Penitentiary emeritus[119]
81Santos Abril y Castelló*Spain21 September 1935 (age 90)CP18 February 2012[118] Benedict XVIArchpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major[120]
82Antonio Maria Vegliò*Italy3 February 1938 (age 88)CP18 February 2012[118] Benedict XVIPresident emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People[121]
83Giuseppe Bertello*Italy1 October 1942 (age 83)CP18 February 2012[118] Benedict XVIPresident emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State[122]
84Francesco Coccopalmerio*Italy6 March 1938 (age 88)CP18 February 2012[118] Benedict XVIPresident emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts[123]
85João Braz de AvizBrazil24 April 1947 (age 79)CP18 February 2012[118] Benedict XVIPrefect emeritus of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life[124]
86Edwin Frederick O'Brien*United States8 April 1939 (age 87)CP18 February 2012[118] Benedict XVIGrand Master emeritus of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre[125]
87Domenico Calcagno*Italy3 February 1943 (age 83)CP18 February 2012[118] Benedict XVIPresident emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See[126]
88Giuseppe Versaldi*Italy30 July 1943 (age 83)CP18 February 2012[118] Benedict XVIPrefect emeritus of the Congregation for Catholic Education[127]
89George Alencherry*India19 April 1945 (age 81)CP18 February 2012 Benedict XVIMajor Archbishop emeritus of Ernakulam–Angamaly (Syro-Malabar Church)[128]
90Thomas CollinsCanada16 January 1947 (age 79)CP18 February 2012 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Toronto[129]
91Wim EijkNetherlands22 June 1953 (age 73)CP18 February 2012 Benedict XVIArchbishop of Utrecht[130]
92Giuseppe BetoriItaly25 February 1947 (age 79)CP18 February 2012 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Florence[131]
93Timothy M. DolanUnited States6 February 1950 (age 76)CP18 February 2012 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of New York[132]
94Rainer WoelkiGermany18 August 1956 (age 70)CP18 February 2012 Benedict XVIArchbishop of Cologne[133]
95John Tong Hon*China (Hong Kong)[86]31 July 1939 (age 87)CP18 February 2012 Benedict XVIBishop emeritus of Hong Kong[134]
96James Michael HarveyUnited States20 October 1949 (age 76)CP24 November 2012[135] Benedict XVIArchpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls[136]
97Baselios CleemisIndia15 June 1959 (age 67)CP24 November 2012 Benedict XVIMajor Archbishop of Trivandrum (Syro-Malankara Church)[137]
98John Onaiyekan*Nigeria29 January 1944 (age 82)CP24 November 2012 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Abuja[138]
99Rubén Salazar Gómez*Colombia22 September 1942 (age 83)CP24 November 2012 Benedict XVIArchbishop emeritus of Bogotá[139]
100Lorenzo Baldisseri*Italy29 September 1940 (age 85)CP22 February 2014[135] FrancisSecretary-General emeritus of the Synod of Bishops[140]
101Gerhard Ludwig MüllerGermany31 December 1947 (age 78)CP22 February 2014[135] FrancisPrefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith[141]
102Vincent Nichols*United Kingdom8 November 1945 (age 80)CP22 February 2014 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Westminster[142]
103Leopoldo BrenesNicaragua7 March 1949 (age 77)CP22 February 2014 FrancisArchbishop of Managua[143]
104Gérald Lacroix ISPXCanada27 July 1957 (age 69)CP22 February 2014 FrancisArchbishop of Quebec[144]
105Jean-Pierre Kutwa*Ivory Coast22 December 1945 (age 80)CP22 February 2014 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Abidjan[145]
106Orani João Tempesta OCistBrazil23 June 1950 (age 76)CP22 February 2014 FrancisArchbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro[146]
107Gualtiero Bassetti*Italy7 April 1942 (age 84)CP22 February 2014 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Perugia–Città della Pieve[147]
108Mario Aurelio PoliArgentina29 November 1947 (age 78)CP22 February 2014 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Buenos Aires[148]
109Andrew Yeom Soo-jung*South Korea5 December 1943 (age 82)CP22 February 2014 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Seoul[149]
110Ricardo Ezzati SDB*Chile[150]7 January 1942 (age 84)CP22 February 2014 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile[151]
111Philippe Ouédraogo*Burkina Faso31 December 1945[152] (age 80)CP22 February 2014 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Ouagadougou[153]
112Orlando Quevedo OMI*Philippines11 March 1939 (age 87)CP22 February 2014 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Cotabato[154]
113Chibly LangloisHaiti29 November 1958 (age 67)CP22 February 2014 FrancisBishop of Les Cayes[155]
114Manuel ClementePortugal16 July 1948 (age 78)CP14 February 2015 FrancisPatriarch emeritus of Lisbon[156]
115Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel CMEthiopia14 July 1948 (age 78)CP14 February 2015 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Addis Abeba (Ethiopian Church)[157]
116John DewNew Zealand5 May 1948 (age 78)CP14 February 2015 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Wellington[158]
117Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn*Vietnam1 April 1938 (age 88)CP14 February 2015 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Hanoi[159]
118Alberto Suárez Inda*Mexico30 January 1939 (age 87)CP14 February 2015 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Morelia[160]
119Charles Maung Bo SDBMyanmar29 October 1948 (age 77)CP14 February 2015 FrancisArchbishop of Yangon[161]
120Kriengsak KovitvanitThailand27 June 1949 (age 77)CP14 February 2015 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Bangkok[162]
121Francesco Montenegro*Italy22 May 1946 (age 80)CP14 February 2015 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Agrigento[163]
122Daniel Sturla SDBUruguay4 July 1959 (age 67)CP14 February 2015 FrancisArchbishop of Montevideo[164]
123Ricardo Blázquez*Spain13 April 1942 (age 84)CP14 February 2015 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Valladolid[165]
124José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán OAR*Panama[166]24 February 1944 (age 82)CP14 February 2015 FrancisBishop emeritus of David[167]
125Arlindo Gomes FurtadoCape Verde15 November 1949 (age 76)CP14 February 2015 FrancisBishop emeritus of Santiago de Cabo Verde[168]
126Soane Patita Paini MafiTonga19 December 1961 (age 64)CP14 February 2015 FrancisBishop of Tonga[169]
127Luis Héctor Villalba*Argentina11 October 1934 (age 91)CP14 February 2015 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Tucumán[170]
128Dieudonné Nzapalainga CSSpCentral African Republic14 March 1967 (age 59)CP19 November 2016 FrancisArchbishop of Bangui[171]
129Carlos Osoro Sierra*Spain16 May 1945 (age 81)CP19 November 2016 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Madrid[172]
130Sérgio da RochaBrazil21 October 1959 (age 66)CP19 November 2016 FrancisArchbishop of São Salvador da Bahia[173]
131Blase J. CupichUnited States19 March 1949 (age 77)CP19 November 2016 FrancisArchbishop of Chicago[174]
132Patrick D'Rozario CSC*Bangladesh1 October 1943 (age 82)CP19 November 2016 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Dhaka[175]
133Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo*Venezuela10 October 1944 (age 81)CP19 November 2016 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Caracas[176]
134Jozef De KeselBelgium17 June 1947 (age 79)CP19 November 2016 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels[177]
135Maurice Piat CSSp*Mauritius19 July 1941 (age 85)CP19 November 2016 FrancisBishop emeritus of Port-Louis[178]
136Carlos Aguiar RetesMexico9 January 1950 (age 76)CP19 November 2016 FrancisArchbishop of Mexico[179]
137John Ribat MSCPapua New Guinea9 February 1957 (age 69)CP19 November 2016 FrancisArchbishop of Port Moresby[180]
138Joseph W. Tobin CSsRUnited States3 May 1952 (age 74)CP19 November 2016 FrancisArchbishop of Newark[181]
139Jean Zerbo*Mali27 December 1943 (age 82)CP28 June 2017 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Bamako[182]
140Juan José Omella*Spain21 April 1946 (age 80)CP28 June 2017 FrancisArchbishop of Barcelona[183]
141Anders Arborelius OCDSweden24 September 1949 (age 76)CP28 June 2017 FrancisBishop of Stockholm[184]
142Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun IVD*Laos8 April 1944 (age 82)CP28 June 2017 FrancisApostolic Vicar emeritus of Vientiane[185]
143Gregorio Rosa Chávez*El Salvador3 September 1942 (age 84)CP28 June 2017 FrancisAuxiliary Bishop emeritus of San Salvador[186]
144Angelo De DonatisItaly4 January 1954 (age 72)CP28 June 2018 FrancisMajor Penitentiary[187]
145Joseph Coutts*Pakistan21 July 1945 (age 81)CP28 June 2018 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Karachi[188]
146António MartoPortugal5 May 1947 (age 79)CP28 June 2018 FrancisBishop emeritus of Leiria–Fátima[189]
147Pedro Barreto SJ*Peru12 February 1944 (age 82)CP28 June 2018 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Huancayo[190]
148Désiré TsarahazanaMadagascar13 June 1954 (age 72)CP28 June 2018 FrancisArchbishop of Toamasina[191]
149Giuseppe PetrocchiItaly19 August 1948 (age 78)CP28 June 2018 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of L'Aquila[192]
150Thomas Aquino Manyo MaedaJapan3 March 1949 (age 77)CP28 June 2018 FrancisArchbishop of Osaka–Takamatsu[193]
151Toribio Ticona Porco*Bolivia25 April 1937 (age 89)CP28 June 2018 FrancisBishop Prelate emeritus of Corocoro[194]
152Ignatius Suharyo HardjoatmodjoIndonesia9 July 1950 (age 76)CP5 October 2019 FrancisArchbishop of Jakarta[195]
153Juan García RodríguezCuba11 July 1948 (age 78)CP5 October 2019 FrancisArchbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana[196]
154Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCapDemocratic Republic of the Congo24 January 1960 (age 66)CP5 October 2019 FrancisArchbishop of Kinshasa[197]
155Jean-Claude Hollerich SJLuxembourg9 August 1958 (age 68)CP5 October 2019 FrancisArchbishop of Luxembourg[198]
156Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini ImeriGuatemala16 July 1947 (age 79)CP5 October 2019 FrancisBishop of Huehuetenango[199]
157Matteo ZuppiItaly11 October 1955 (age 70)CP5 October 2019 FrancisArchbishop of Bologna[200]
158Cristóbal López Romero SDBMorocco[201]19 May 1952 (age 74)CP5 October 2019 FrancisArchbishop of Rabat[202]
159Sigitas Tamkevičius SJ*Lithuania7 November 1938 (age 87)CP5 October 2019 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Kaunas[203]
160Antoine KambandaRwanda10 November 1958 (age 67)CP28 November 2020 FrancisArchbishop of Kigali[204]
161Wilton Daniel GregoryUnited States7 December 1947 (age 78)CP28 November 2020 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Washington[205]
162Jose Advincula OPPhilippines30 March 1952 (age 74)CP28 November 2020 FrancisArchbishop of Manila[206]
163Celestino Aós Braco OFMCap*Chile[207]6 April 1945 (age 81)CP28 November 2020 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile[208]
164Augusto Paolo LojudiceItaly1 July 1964 (age 62)CP28 November 2020 FrancisArchbishop of Siena–Colle di Val d'Elsa–Montalcino and Bishop of Montepulciano–Chiusi–Pienza[209]
165Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel*Mexico1 May 1940 (age 86)CP28 November 2020 FrancisBishop emeritus of San Cristóbal de Las Casas[210]
166Jean-Marc AvelineFrance26 December 1958 (age 67)CP27 August 2022 FrancisArchbishop of Marseille[211]
167Peter OkpalekeNigeria1 March 1963 (age 63)CP27 August 2022 FrancisBishop of Ekwulobia[212]
168Leonardo Ulrich Steiner OFMBrazil6 November 1950 (age 75)CP27 August 2022 FrancisArchbishop of Manaus[213]
169Filipe Neri FerrãoIndia20 January 1953 (age 73)CP27 August 2022 FrancisArchbishop of Goa and Daman and Patriarch of the East Indies[214]
170Robert W. McElroyUnited States5 February 1954 (age 72)CP27 August 2022 FrancisArchbishop of Washington[215]
171Virgílio do Carmo da Silva SDBEast Timor27 November 1967 (age 58)CP27 August 2022 FrancisArchbishop of Díli[216]
172Oscar CantoniItaly1 September 1950 (age 76)CP27 August 2022 FrancisBishop of Como[217]
173Anthony PoolaIndia15 November 1961 (age 64)CP27 August 2022 FrancisArchbishop of Hyderabad[218]
174Paulo Cezar CostaBrazil20 July 1967 (age 59)CP27 August 2022 FrancisArchbishop of Brasília[219]
175William GohSingapore25 June 1957 (age 69)CP27 August 2022 FrancisArchbishop of Singapore[220]
176Adalberto Martínez FloresParaguay8 July 1951 (age 75)CP27 August 2022 FrancisArchbishop of Asunción[221]
177Giorgio Marengo IMCMongolia[222]7 June 1974 (age 52)CP27 August 2022 FrancisApostolic Prefect of Ulaanbaatar[223]
178Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal CJM*Colombia29 March 1942 (age 84)CP27 August 2022 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Cartagena[224]
179Arrigo Miglio*Italy18 July 1942 (age 84)CP27 August 2022 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Cagliari[225]
180Pierbattista Pizzaballa OFMJerusalem[226]21 April 1965 (age 61)CP30 September 2023 FrancisLatin Patriarch of Jerusalem[227]
181Stephen BrislinSouth Africa24 September 1956 (age 69)CP30 September 2023 FrancisArchbishop of Johannesburg[228]
182Ángel Sixto Rossi SJArgentina11 August 1958 (age 68)CP30 September 2023 FrancisArchbishop of Córdoba[229]
183Luis José Rueda AparicioColombia3 March 1962 (age 64)CP30 September 2023 FrancisArchbishop of Bogotá[230]
184Grzegorz RyśPoland9 February 1964 (age 62)CP30 September 2023 FrancisArchbishop of Kraków[231]
185Stephen Ameyu Martin MullaSouth Sudan10 January 1964 (age 62)CP30 September 2023 FrancisArchbishop of Juba[232]
186José Cobo CanoSpain20 September 1965 (age 60)CP30 September 2023 FrancisArchbishop of Madrid[233]
187Protase RugambwaTanzania31 May 1960 (age 66)CP30 September 2023 FrancisArchbishop of Tabora[234]
188Sebastian FrancisMalaysia11 November 1951 (age 74)CP30 September 2023 FrancisBishop of Penang[235]
189Stephen Chow Sau-yan SJChina (Hong Kong)[86]7 August 1959 (age 67)CP30 September 2023 FrancisBishop of Hong Kong[236]
190François-Xavier Bustillo OFMConvFrance[237]23 November 1968 (age 57)CP30 September 2023 FrancisBishop of Ajaccio[238]
191Américo AguiarPortugal12 December 1973 (age 52)CP30 September 2023 FrancisBishop of Setúbal[239]
192Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez*Venezuela17 May 1939 (age 87)CP30 September 2023 FrancisArchbishop emeritus of Cumaná[240]
193Carlos Castillo MattasoglioPeru28 February 1950 (age 76)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Lima[241]
194Vicente Bokalic Iglic CMArgentina11 June 1952 (age 74)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Santiago del Estero[241]
195Luis Cabrera Herrera OFMEcuador11 October 1955 (age 70)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Guayaquil[241]
196Fernando Chomalí GaribChile10 March 1957 (age 69)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Santiago de Chile[241]
197Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi SVDJapan1 November 1958 (age 67)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Tokyo[241]
198Pablo Virgilio DavidPhilippines2 March 1959 (age 67)CP7 December 2024 FrancisBishop of Kalookan[241]
199Ladislav Nemet SVDSerbia[242]7 September 1956 (age 69)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Belgrade[241]
200Jaime Spengler OFMBrazil6 September 1960 (age 66)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Porto Alegre[241]
201Ignace Bessi DogboIvory Coast17 August 1961 (age 65)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Abidjan[241]
202Jean-Paul Vesco OPAlgeria[243]10 March 1962 (age 64)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Algiers[241]
203Dominique Mathieu OFMConvIran[244]13 June 1963 (age 63)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Tehran–Isfahan[241]
204Roberto RepoleItaly29 January 1967 (age 59)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Turin and Bishop of Susa[241]
205Baldassare ReinaItaly26 November 1970 (age 55)CP7 December 2024 FrancisVicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran[241]
206Frank LeoCanada30 June 1971 (age 55)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Toronto[241]
207Mykola Bychok CSsRAustralia[245]13 February 1980 (age 46)CP7 December 2024 FrancisEparch of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne (Ukrainian Greek Church)[241]
208Domenico BattagliaItaly20 January 1963 (age 63)CP7 December 2024 FrancisArchbishop of Naples[241]
209Dominique MambertiFrance7 March 1952 (age 74)CD14 February 2015 FrancisPrefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura[27][246]
210Mario Zenari*Italy5 January 1946 (age 80)CD19 November 2016 FrancisApostolic Nuncio emeritus[247]
211Kevin FarrellUnited States[248]2 September 1947 (age 79)CD19 November 2016 FrancisPrefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life[27] and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church[249]
212Ernest Simoni*Albania18 October 1928 (age 97)CD19 November 2016 FrancisPriest of the Archdiocese of Shkodër–Pult[250][251]
213Luis Ladaria Ferrer SJ*Spain19 April 1944 (age 82)CD28 June 2018 FrancisPrefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith[252]
214Giovanni Angelo Becciu*[253]Italy2 June 1948 (age 78)CD28 June 2018 FrancisPrefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints[254]
215Konrad KrajewskiPoland25 November 1963 (age 62)CD28 June 2018 FrancisArchbishop of Łódź[255]
216Aquilino Bocos Merino CMF*Spain17 May 1938 (age 88)CD28 June 2018 FrancisSuperior General emeritus of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary[256]
217José Tolentino de MendonçaPortugal15 December 1965 (age 60)CD5 October 2019 FrancisPrefect of the Dicastery for Culture and Education[27][257]
218Michael Czerny SJCanada[258]18 July 1946 (age 80)CD5 October 2019 FrancisPrefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development[27][259]
219Michael Fitzgerald MAfr*United Kingdom17 August 1937 (age 89)CD5 October 2019 FrancisApostolic Nuncio emeritus[260]
220Mario GrechMalta20 February 1957 (age 69)CD28 November 2020 FrancisSecretary-General of the Synod of Bishops[261]
221Marcello SemeraroItaly22 December 1947 (age 78)CD28 November 2020 FrancisPrefect of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints[27][262]
222Mauro Gambetti OFMConvItaly27 October 1965 (age 60)CD28 November 2020 FrancisVicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter[263]
223Silvano Maria Tomasi CS*Italy12 October 1940 (age 85)CD28 November 2020 FrancisSpecial Delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta[264]
224Raniero Cantalamessa OFMCap*Italy22 July 1934 (age 92)CD28 November 2020 FrancisPreacher emeritus of the Papal Household[250][265]
225Enrico Feroci*Italy27 August 1940 (age 86)CD28 November 2020 FrancisPastor of the Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love in Castel di Leva, Rome[266]
226Arthur RocheUnited Kingdom6 March 1950 (age 76)CD27 August 2022 FrancisPrefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments[27][267]
227Lazarus You Heung-sikSouth Korea17 November 1951 (age 74)CD27 August 2022 FrancisPrefect of the Dicastery for the Clergy[27][268]
228Fernando Vérgez Alzaga LC*Spain1 March 1945 (age 81)CD27 August 2022 FrancisPresident emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State[269]
229Gianfranco Ghirlanda SJ*Italy5 July 1942 (age 84)CD27 August 2022 FrancisPatron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta[250][270]
230Fortunato Frezza*Italy6 February 1942 (age 84)CD27 August 2022 FrancisCanon of the Chapter of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter[271]
231Claudio GugerottiItaly7 October 1955 (age 70)CD30 September 2023 FrancisPrefect of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches[27][272]
232Víctor Manuel FernándezArgentina18 July 1962 (age 64)CD30 September 2023 FrancisPrefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith[27][273]
233Christophe Pierre*France30 January 1946 (age 80)CD30 September 2023 FrancisApostolic Nuncio emeritus[274]
234Ángel Fernández Artime SDBSpain21 August 1960 (age 66)CD30 September 2023 FrancisPro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life[275]
235Agostino Marchetto*Italy28 August 1940 (age 86)CD30 September 2023 FrancisSecretary emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People[276]
236Angelo Acerbi*Italy23 September 1925 (age 100)CD7 December 2024 FrancisApostolic Nuncio emeritus[241]
237Rolandas MakrickasLithuania31 January 1972 (age 54)CD7 December 2024 FrancisArchpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major[241]
238Timothy Radcliffe OP*United Kingdom22 August 1945 (age 81)CD7 December 2024 FrancisMaster emeritus of the Order of Preachers[250][241]
239Fabio Baggio CSItaly15 January 1965 (age 61)CD7 December 2024 FrancisUndersecretary of the Migrants and Refugees Section of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development[241]
240George KoovakadIndia11 August 1973 (age 53)CD7 December 2024 FrancisPrefect of the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue[27] (Syro-Malabar Church)[241]

Demographics of the College of Cardinals

As of 3 August 2026, 116 of 240 cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The current threshold number of votes needed to be elected pope with the required two-thirds supermajority is 78, assuming that all 116 cardinal electors were to participate in a conclave.[3][277]

Cardinals by appointing pope

This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the college.

PopeAll cardinalsCardinal electors
No.NameCBCPCDTotalCBCPCDTotal
264John Paul II (1978–2005)5330380404
265Benedict XVI (2005–2013)454058116017
266Francis (2013–2025)3109321442781595
Total121963224039815116

Cardinals by particular church sui iuris

While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches. At present, there are seven Eastern Catholic cardinals, including five cardinal electors, belonging to six particular churches sui iuris:

Particular church sui iurisAll cardinalsCardinal electors
Latin Church (Western)233111
Eastern ChurchesChaldean Church11
Ethiopian Church11
Maronite Church10
Syro-Malabar Church21
Syro-Malankara Church11
Ukrainian Church11
Subtotal75
Total240116

Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life

At present, there are 63 cardinals, including 31 cardinal electors, who are members of the religious life, representing 27 institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life. In this table, the common name for the members of an institute or society, if different from its formal name, is given in brackets.

Post-nominalInstitute or societyAll cardinalsCardinal electors
CJMCongregation of Jesus and Mary (Eudists)10
CMCongregation of the Mission (Vincentians, Lazarists)32
CMFCongregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Claretians)20
CSCongregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Scalabrinians)21
CSCCongregation of Holy Cross (Holy Cross Fathers)10
CSSpCongregation of the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost Fathers, Spiritans)21
CSsRCongregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists)22
IMCInstitute of Consolata Missionaries11
ISchInstitute of Schönstatt Fathers10
ISPXPius X Secular Institute11
IVDVoluntas Dei Institute10
LCCongregation of the Legionaries of Christ10
MAfrMissionaries of Africa (White Fathers)10
MSCMissionaries of the Sacred Heart11
OAROrder of Augustinian Recollects10
OCDOrder of Discalced Carmelites11
OCistOrder of Cistercians11
OFMOrder of Friars Minor (Franciscans)54
OFMCapOrder of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins)41
OFMConvOrder of Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans)33
OMIMissionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Oblates)10
OMMMariamite Maronite Order (Aleppians)10
OPOrder of Preachers (Dominicans)42
PSSSociety of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpicians)10
SDBSociety of Saint Francis de Sales (Salesians)105
SJSociety of Jesus (Jesuits)93
SVDSociety of the Divine Word (Verbites)22
NoneSecular clergy17785
Total240116

Cardinals by continent

For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name.[278] The statistics for the global distribution of Catholics in the table below are sourced from the 2024 edition of the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Statistical Yearbook of the Church), published in 2026.[279]

ContinentAll cardinalsCardinal electorsPercentage of global Catholic population (2024)
NumberPercentageNumberPercentage
Africa2711.3%1412.1%20.3%
North America3514.6%1815.5%20.3%
South America3012.5%1714.7%27.4%
Asia3615.0%2219.0%11.0%
Europe10845.0%4135.3%20.1%
Oceania41.7%43.4%0.9%
Total240100.0%116100.0%100.0%

Cardinals by country

At present, 91 countries are represented in the College of Cardinals, including 66 with at least one cardinal elector. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinals are Italy (49), the United States (16), and Spain (13). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest numbers are Italy (14), the United States (9), and Brazil (7).

CountryContinentAll cardinalsCardinal electors
AlbaniaEurope10
AlgeriaAfrica11
ArgentinaSouth America64
AustraliaOceania11
AustriaEurope10
BangladeshAsia10
BelgiumEurope11
BoliviaSouth America10
Bosnia and HerzegovinaEurope10
BrazilSouth America87
Burkina FasoAfrica10
CanadaNorth America53
Cape VerdeAfrica11
Central African RepublicAfrica11
ChileSouth America41
ColombiaSouth America31
Democratic Republic of the CongoAfrica11
CroatiaEurope11
CubaNorth America11
Dominican RepublicNorth America10
East TimorAsia11
EcuadorSouth America11
El SalvadorNorth America10
EthiopiaAfrica11
FranceEurope74
GermanyEurope63
GhanaAfrica11
GuatemalaNorth America11
GuineaAfrica10
HaitiNorth America11
HondurasNorth America10
Hong KongAsia31
HungaryEurope11
IndiaAsia64
IndonesiaAsia21
IranAsia11
IraqAsia11
IrelandEurope10
ItalyEurope4914
Ivory CoastAfrica21
JapanAsia22
Jerusalem[226]Asia11
KenyaAfrica10
South KoreaAsia21
LaosAsia10
LatviaEurope10
LebanonAsia10
LithuaniaEurope31
LuxembourgEurope11
MadagascarAfrica11
MalaysiaAsia11
MaliAfrica10
MaltaEurope11
MauritiusAfrica10
MexicoNorth America62
MongoliaAsia11
MoroccoAfrica11
MyanmarAsia11
NetherlandsEurope11
New ZealandOceania11
NicaraguaNorth America11
NigeriaAfrica41
PakistanAsia10
PanamaNorth America10
Papua New GuineaOceania11
ParaguaySouth America11
PeruSouth America31
PhilippinesAsia53
PolandEurope53
PortugalEurope64
RwandaAfrica11
SenegalAfrica10
SerbiaEurope11
SingaporeAsia11
SloveniaEurope10
South AfricaAfrica21
South SudanAfrica11
SpainEurope132
Sri LankaAsia11
SudanAfrica10
SwedenEurope11
SwitzerlandEurope11
TanzaniaAfrica11
ThailandAsia21
TongaOceania11
UgandaAfrica10
United KingdomEurope41
United StatesNorth America169
UruguaySouth America11
VenezuelaSouth America20
VietnamAsia10
Total240116

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  20. 20.Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996 and appointed a cardinal bishop on 25 April 2005
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  22. 22.Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 May 2008
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  27. 27.[27.2][27.3][27.4][27.5][27.6][27.7][27.8][27.9][27.10][27.11][27.12][27.13][27.14]Since 9 May 2025, this office in the Roman Curia has been exercised provisionally following the election of Pope Leo XIV.
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  32. 32.Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
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  34. 34.Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
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  39. 39.Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996
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  49. 49.Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 March 2008
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  53. 53.Schönborn was born to a Sudeten German family in the Sudetenland (in the present-day Czech Republic), then part of Nazi Germany. His family was later expelled from Czechoslovakia to Austria, and he served as a bishop there from 1991 to 2025.
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  58. 58.Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 May 2006
  59. 59."Sepe Card. Crescenzio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  60. 60.Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 21 February 2011
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  78. 78.Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 June 2016
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  87. 87."Zen Ze-kiun Card. Joseph, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  88. 88.[88.2][88.3][88.4]Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018
  89. 89."Lajolo Card. Giovanni". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  90. 90."Comastri Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  91. 91."Ryłko Card. Stanisław". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  92. 92."Farina Card. Raffaele, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  93. 93.Brady's territorial jurisdiction as Archbishop of Armagh included a part of the United Kingdom.
  94. 94."Brady Card. Seán Baptist". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  95. 95."Martínez Sistach Card. Lluís". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  96. 96."Bagnasco Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  97. 97."Sarr Card. Théodore-Adrien". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  98. 98."Gracias Card. Oswald". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  99. 99."Robles Ortega Card. Francisco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  100. 100."DiNardo Card. Daniel Nicholas". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  101. 101."Scherer Card. Odilo Pedro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  102. 102.The Holy See Press Office's documentation gives Njue's date of birth as 1 January 1946, but previously stated that he was "born in 1944" and used 31 December 1944 as his date of birth on its list of cardinal electors.
  103. 103."Njue Card. John". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  104. 104.[104.2][104.3][104.4][104.5][104.6][104.7]Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 3 May 2021
  105. 105."Sarah Card. Robert". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  106. 106."Monterisi Card. Francesco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  107. 107."Burke Card. Raymond Leo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  108. 108."Koch Card. Kurt". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  109. 109."Piacenza Card. Mauro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  110. 110."Ravasi Card. Gianfranco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  111. 111."Romeo Card. Paolo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  112. 112."Wuerl Card. Donald William". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  113. 113."Assis Card. Raymundo Damasceno". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  114. 114."Nycz Card. Kazimierz". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  115. 115."Patabendige Don Card. Albert Malcolm Ranjith". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  116. 116."Marx Card. Reinhard". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  117. 117."Brandmüller Card. Walter". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  118. 118.[118.2][118.3][118.4][118.5][118.6][118.7][118.8][118.9]Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 4 March 2022
  119. 119."Monteiro de Castro Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  120. 120."Abril y Castelló Card. Santos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  121. 121."Vegliò Card. Antonio Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  122. 122."Bertello Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  123. 123."Coccopalmerio Card. Francesco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  124. 124."Aviz Card. João Braz de". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  125. 125."O'Brien Card. Edwin Frederick". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  126. 126."Calcagno Card. Domenico". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  127. 127."Versaldi Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  128. 128."Alencherry Card. George". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  129. 129."Collins Card. Thomas Christopher". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  130. 130."Eijk Card. Willem Jacobus". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  131. 131."Betori Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  132. 132."Dolan Card. Timothy Michael". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  133. 133."Woelki Card. Rainer Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  134. 134."Tong Hon Card. John". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  135. 135.[135.2][135.3]Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 July 2024
  136. 136."Harvey Card. James Michael". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  137. 137."Baselios Card. Cleemis". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  138. 138."Onaiyekan Card. John Olorunfemi". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  139. 139."Salazar Gómez Card. Rubén". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  140. 140."Baldisseri Card. Lorenzo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  141. 141."Müller Card. Gerhard Ludwig". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  142. 142."Nichols Card. Vincent Gerard". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  143. 143."Brenes Solórzano Card. Leopoldo José". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  144. 144."Lacroix Card. Gérald Cyprien, I.S.P.X." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  145. 145."Kutwa Card. Jean-Pierre". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  146. 146."Tempesta Card. Orani João, OCist". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  147. 147."Bassetti Card. Gualtiero". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  148. 148."Poli Card. Mario Aurelio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  149. 149."Yeom Soo-jung Card. Andrew". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  150. 150.Ezzati was born in Italy, emigrated to Chile as a young man, and served as a bishop there from 1996 to 2019.
  151. 151."Ezzati Andrello Card. Ricardo, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  152. 152.Ouédraogo's actual date of birth is unknown. In the 2024 edition of the Annuario Pontificio, the annual directory of the Holy See, his birth date was revised from 25 January 1945 to 31 December, a placeholder date used by the Burkina Faso government. Ouédraogo adopted 25 January as his date of birth "at random" to enrol in a health-insurance programme in 1973.
  153. 153."Ouédraogo Card. Philippe Nakellentuba". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  154. 154."Quevedo Card. Orlando Beltran, OMI". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  155. 155."Langlois Card. Chibly". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  156. 156."Clemente Card. Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  157. 157."Souraphiel Card. Berhaneyesus Demerew, C.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  158. 158."Dew Card. John Atcherley". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  159. 159."Nguyên Văn Nhon Card. Pierre". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  160. 160."Suárez Inda Card. Alberto". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  161. 161."Bo Card. Charles Maung, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 31 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  162. 162."Kovithavanij Card. Francis Xavier Kriengsak". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  163. 163."Montenegro Card. Francesco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  164. 164."Sturla Berhouet Card. Daniel Fernando, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  165. 165."Blázquez Pérez Card. Ricardo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  166. 166.Lacunza Maestrojuán was born in Spain and served as a bishop in Panama from 1985 to 2024.
  167. 167."Lacunza Maestrojuán Card. José Luis, OAR". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  168. 168."Furtado Card. Arlindo Gomes". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  169. 169."Mafi Card. Soane Patita Paini". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  170. 170."Villalba Card. Luis Héctor". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  171. 171."Nzapalainga Card. Dieudonné, C.S.Sp". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  172. 172."Osoro Sierra Card. Carlos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  173. 173."da Rocha Card. Sérgio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  174. 174."Cupich Card. Blase J." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  175. 175."D'Rozario Card. Patrick, C.S.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  176. 176."Porras Cardozo Card. Baltazar Enrique". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  177. 177."De Kesel Card. Jozef". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  178. 178."Piat Card. Maurice, C.S.Sp". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  179. 179."Aguiar Retes Card. Carlos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  180. 180."Ribat Card. John, M.S.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  181. 181."Tobin Card. Joseph William, C.SS.R." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  182. 182."Zerbo Card. Jean". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  183. 183."Omella Card. Juan José". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  184. 184."Arborelius Card. Anders, OCD". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  185. 185."Mangkhanekhoun Card. Louis-Marie Ling, I.V.D." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  186. 186."Rosa Chávez Card. Gregorio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  187. 187."De Donatis Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  188. 188."Coutts Card. Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  189. 189."Marto Card. António Augusto dos Santos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  190. 190."Barreto Jimeno Card. Pedro Ricardo, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  191. 191."Tsarahazana Card. Désiré". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  192. 192."Petrocchi Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  193. 193."Maeda Card. Thomas Aquino Manyo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  194. 194."Porco Ticona Card. Toribio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  195. 195."Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo Card. Ignatius". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  196. 196."García Rodríguez Card. Juan de la Caridad". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  197. 197."Ambongo Besungu Card. Fridolin, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  198. 198."Hollerich Card. Jean-Claude, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  199. 199."Ramazzini Imeri Card. Álvaro Leonel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  200. 200."Zuppi Card. Matteo Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  201. 201.López Romero was born in Spain and has served as a bishop in Morocco since 2018.
  202. 202."López Romero Card. Cristóbal, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  203. 203."Tamkevičius Card. Sigitas, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  204. 204."Kambanda Card. Antoine". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  205. 205."Gregory Card. Wilton Daniel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  206. 206."Advincula Card. Jose Fuerte". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  207. 207.Aós Braco was born in Spain and served as a bishop in Chile from 2014 to 2023.
  208. 208."Aós Braco Card. Celestino, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  209. 209."Lojudice Card. Augusto Paolo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  210. 210."Arizmendi Esquivel Card. Felipe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  211. 211."Aveline Card. Jean-Marc". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  212. 212."Okpaleke Card. Peter Ebere". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  213. 213."Steiner Card. Leonardo Ulrich, OFM". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  214. 214."Ferrão Card. Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  215. 215."McElroy Card. Robert Walter". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  216. 216."do Carmo da Silva Card. Virgilio, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  217. 217."Cantoni Card. Oscar". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  218. 218."Poola Card. Anthony". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  219. 219."Costa Card. Paulo Ceza". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  220. 220."Goh Card. William Seng Chye". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  221. 221."Martínez Flores Card. Adalberto". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  222. 222.Marengo was born in Italy and has served as a bishop in Mongolia since 2020.
  223. 223."Marengo Card. Giorgio, I.M.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  224. 224."Jiménez Carvajal Card. Jorge Enrique, C.I.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  225. 225."Miglio Card. Arrigo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  226. 226.[226.2]The jurisdiction of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, based in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City in East Jerusalem, is multinational and encompasses Cyprus, Jordan, Israel and Palestine. In its statistical report of the College of Cardinals, the Holy See Press Office lists Pizzaballa's country as "Jerusalem". Pizzaballa was born in Italy and has served as a bishop in Jerusalem since 2016.
  227. 227."Pizzaballa Card. Pierbattista, OFM". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  228. 228."Brislin Card. Stephen". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  229. 229."Rossi Card. Ángel Sixto, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  230. 230."Rueda Aparicio Card. Luis José". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  231. 231."Ryś Card. Grzegorz". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  232. 232."Mulla Card. Stephen Ameyu Martin". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  233. 233."Cobo Cano Card. José". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  234. 234."Rugambwa Card. Protase". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  235. 235."Francis Card. Sebastian". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  236. 236."Chow Sau-yan Card. Stephen, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  237. 237.Bustillo was born in Spain and has served as a bishop in France since 2021.
  238. 238."Bustsillo Card. François-Xavier, OFMConv". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  239. 239."Aguiar Alves Card. Américo Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  240. 240."Padrón Sánchez Card. Diego Rafael". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  241. 241.[241.2][241.3][241.4][241.5][241.6][241.7][241.8][241.9][241.10][241.11][241.12][241.13][241.14][241.15][241.16][241.17][241.18][241.19][241.20][241.21]"Announcement of Consistory on 8 December for the creation of new Cardinals, 06.10.2024" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 6 October 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  242. 242.Nemet was born in Serbia into an ethnically Hungarian family and describes himself as Hungarian. He has worked in Serbia since 2008.
  243. 243.Vesco was born in France and has served as a bishop in Algeria since 2012.
  244. 244.Mathieu was born in Belgium and has served as a bishop in Iran since 2021.
  245. 245.Bychok was born in Ukraine and has served as a bishop in Australia since 2020.
  246. 246."Mamberti Card. Dominique". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  247. 247."Zenari Card. Mario". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  248. 248.Farrell was born in Ireland, was incardinated as a priest in the United States in 1984 and served as a bishop there from 2001 to 2016.
  249. 249."Farrell Card. Kevin Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  250. 250.[250.2][250.3][250.4]Granted dispensation not to receive episcopal consecration
  251. 251."Simoni Card. Ernest". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  252. 252."Ladaria Ferrer Card. Luis Francisco, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  253. 253.Becciu resigned the rights and privileges of a cardinal on 24 September 2020, making him ineligible to participate in a conclave as an elector since then.
  254. 254."Becciu Card. Giovanni Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  255. 255."Krajewski Card. Konrad". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  256. 256."Bocos Merino Card. Aquilino, C.M.F." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  257. 257."Mendonça Card. José Tolentino de". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  258. 258.Czerny was born in Czechoslovakia (in the present-day Czech Republic) and emigrated to Canada as a child.
  259. 259."Czerny Card. Michael, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  260. 260."Fitzgerald Card. Michael Louis, M. Afr". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  261. 261."Grech Card. Mario". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  262. 262."Semeraro Card. Marcello". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  263. 263."Gambetti Card. Mauro, OFMConv". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  264. 264."Tomasi Card. Silvano Maria, C.S." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  265. 265."Cantalamessa Card. Raniero, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  266. 266."Feroci Card. Enrico". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  267. 267."Roche Card. Arthur". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  268. 268."You Heung-sik Card. Lazzaro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  269. 269."Vérgez Alzaga Card. Fernando, L.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  270. 270."Ghirlanda Card. Gianfranco, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  271. 271."Frezza Card. Fortunato". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  272. 272."Gugerotti Card. Claudio". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  273. 273."Fernández Card. Víctor Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  274. 274."Pierre Card. Christophe Louis Yves Georges". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  275. 275."Fernández Artime Card. Ángel, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  276. 276."Marchetto Card. Agostino". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  277. 277.Pope Benedict XVI (11 June 2007). "De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis" (Motu proprio) (in Latin). Holy See. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2007.
  278. 278."Methodology". United Nations Statistics Division. Geographic Regions. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  279. 279.Central Office of Church Statistics (28 March 2026). "New data of Annuario Pontificio 2026 shows Catholics growing in Africa". Retrieved 31 March 2026.