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Benedict of Peterborough

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Benedict, sometimes known as Benedictus Abbas (Latin for "Benedict the Abbot"; died 29 September 1193), was abbot of Peterborough. His name was formerly erroneously associated with the Gesta Henrici Regis Secundi and Gesta Regis Ricardi, English 12th-century chronicles, which are now attributed to Roger of Howden.

Life

Benedict first makes his appearance in 1174, as the chancellor of Archbishop Richard, the successor of Thomas Becket in the primacy. In 1175, Benedict became prior of Holy Trinity, Canterbury; in 1177, he received from Henry II the abbacy of Peterborough, which he held until his death. As abbot he distinguished himself by his activity in building, in administering the finances of his house and in collecting a library. He is described in the Chronicon Petroburgense as "blessed both in name and deed".[1][2]

Works

Benedict belonged to the circle of Becket's admirers, and wrote two works dealing with the martyrdom and the miracles of his hero.[3] Fragments of the former work have come down to us in the compilation known as the Quadrilogus, which is printed in the fourth volume of James Craigie Robertson's Materials for the Histories of Thomas Becket ("Rolls" series); the miracles are extant in their entirety, and are printed in the second volume of the same collection.[4]

Benedict was formerly credited with the authorship of the Gesta on the ground that his name appears in the title of the oldest manuscript. There is, however, conclusive evidence that Benedict merely caused this work to be transcribed for the Peterborough library. It is only through the force of custom that the work is still occasionally cited under his name.[5] In the 20th century, D. M. Stenton formulated the theory, developed further by David Corner, and now generally accepted, that the true author of the Gesta was in fact Roger of Howden. On his return from the Third Crusade, he drew upon them in composing his larger Chronica, revising them and adding supplementary material.

In the 19th century, the question of authorship had been discussed by T. D. Hardy, William Stubbs and Felix Liebermann. Stubbs conjecturally identified the first part of the Gesta (1170–1177) with the Liber Tricolumnis, a register of contemporary events kept by Richard Fitz Neal, the treasurer of Henry II and author of the Dialogus de Scaccario; the latter part (1177–1192) was ascribed by Stubbs to Roger of Howden. His theory concerning the Liber Tricolumnis, was rejected by Liebermann and other editors of the Dialogus (A. Hughes, C. G. Crump and C. Johnson, Oxford, 1902).[4]

From the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia

Benedict of Peterborough — Abbot and writer, place and date of birth unknown; d. 1193. He was educated at Oxford, and was appointed in 1174 chancellor to Richard, Archbishop of Canterbury, and in 1175 became Prior of Christ Church, Canterbury. As Abbot of Peterborough from 1177 to his death in 1193, he was a learned and able executive. He restored the abbey finances to a sound basis, and was active till his death in completing and beautifying the buildings. Through his personal favour with Richard I he secured for his abbey various rights and privileges. He has been sometimes confused with Benedict of Sansetun, later Bishop of Rochester, vice-chancellor during the absence of King Richard. He had the library enriched by transcriptions of standard works in theology, exegesis, law, science, and poetry. He wrote a history of Becket's "Passion", preserved in part in the work on Becket known as "Quadrilogus", and also, a first-hand account of Becket's "Miracles" (Robertson, "Materials for the History of Thomas Becket", Rolls Series, 1876). He was formerly regarded as the author of "Gesta Henrici II", which Stubbs would identify with the lost "Tricolumnis" of Richard Fitz-Neal, author of the "Dialogus de Scaccario".

Gardiner and Mullinger, Introduction to the Study of Eng. Hist. (London, 1894); Giles, Life and Miracles of St. Thomas of Canterbury, by Benedict, etc. (Caxton Society, 1850).

References

  1. Back to citation Davis 1911, p. 724.
  2. Back to citation Stapleton 1849, p. 5.
  3. Back to citation McKernan, Treasa (2024-01-01). "'Out of Her Bounds': Women's Lives in the Miracles of St Thomas of Canterbury". Out of Her Bounds': Women's Lives in the Miracles of St Thomas of Canterbury.
  4. Back to citation occurrence 4.0 Back to citation occurrence 4.1 Davis 1911, pp. 724–725.
  5. Back to citation Davis 1911, p. 725.

Bibliography

  • Dialogus de Scaccario in the Oxford edition of 1902 — the introduction
  • Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi et Gesta Regis Ricardi Benedicti abbatis (ed. William Stubbs) (2 vols., Rolls series, 1867), and particularly the preface to the first volume — It is available at Gallica.
  • Liebermann, F., Einleitung in den Dialogus de Scaccario (Göttingen, 1875)
  • Ostenglische Geschichtschellen (Hanover, 1892)
  • Pertz, G.H., Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, vol. xxvii. pp. 82, 83
  • Stapleton, T., ed. (1849), Chronicon Petroburgense, Camden Society, OCLC 604801475

Further reading

  • Barlow, Frank (1950). "Roger of Howden", English Historical Review, vol. 65.
  • Corner, David (1983). "The Earliest Surviving Manuscripts of Roger of Howden's Chronica", English Historical Review, vol. 98.
  • Corner, David (1983). "The Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi and Chronica of Roger, Parson of Howden", Bulletin of the Institute of Historical research, vol. 56.
  • Gillingham, John (1994), "Roger of Howden on Crusade", in Richard Cœur de Lion: Kingship, Chivalry and War in the Twelfth Century, London.
  • Stenton, D. M. (1953). "Roger of Howden and Benedict", English Historical Review, vol. 68.
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