Communities Born of the Reformation
| Controlling authority | Unitatis redintegratio 19–23; CDF Responses 5 |
|---|---|
| Status | Conciliar historical-theological family with case-specific application |
Communities Born of the Reformation is the Catholic ecumenical designation for Western Christian bodies deriving directly or indirectly from sixteenth-century ruptures and ordinarily lacking apostolic succession in the sacrament of Orders.[1]
Scope of the expression
The phrase includes Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, and many later Protestant bodies in a broad historical sense, but it does not claim they all share one doctrine, polity, sacramental practice, or relation to Catholicism. Direct lineage, later revivals, unions, and independent movements should be described from evidence rather than forced into a single institutional genealogy.
Ecclesial communities
Where valid Baptism remains, these bodies are Christian ecclesial communities and their baptized members are brothers and sisters in Christ. Scripture, prayer, preaching, faith, charity, and sanctifying gifts can be genuinely active in them. The term does not mean secular club or false religion.[2]
Why not Churches in the proper sense
The CDF locates the decisive defect in absence of apostolic succession in Orders and consequently of the genuine and integral substance of the Eucharistic mystery. Historical episcopal vocabulary, liturgical beauty, size, or cultural influence cannot replace sacramental constitution.[3]
Anglican and other special cases
Catholic doctrine continues to hold Anglican orders invalid under Apostolicae curae, so the Anglican Communion is classified as an ecclesial community despite its episcopal self-understanding. Later participation by bishops with independently claimed lines is not for an encyclopedia to adjudicate globally without competent Catholic judgment.[4]
Some communities may have valid Eucharist through ministers whose Orders derive from an independently valid line, while other features remain Protestant. Such cases demand individual evidence and do not alter the general magisterial classification of the Reformation families from which they arose.
Truthful ecumenical description
Those raised in separated communities are not charged merely by birth with the original sin of separation. Clarity about Orders and Eucharist should serve dialogue, conversion, and unity rather than contempt.
References
- Back to citation Unitatis redintegratio — Vatican II's decree on ecumenism, including the hierarchy of truths and the disciplined pursuit of Christian unity.
- Back to citation Dominus Iesus — The CDF declaration on the unicity and saving universality of Christ and the Church, especially the distinction between true particular Churches and ecclesial communities.
- Back to citation Responses to Some Questions Regarding Certain Aspects of the Doctrine on the Church — The CDF's authoritative clarification of subsistit in, separated particular Churches, internal constitutive principles, and communities lacking apostolic succession.
- Back to citation Commentary on the Responses Regarding the Doctrine on the Church — The CDF's official theological commentary on ecclesial elements, continuity of doctrine, and the exact title Church.