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Diocese of Séez

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Diocese of Séez
Dioecesis Sagiensis
Diocèse de Séez
Sées Cathedral
Sées Cathedral
Location
Country France
Ecclesiastical province Rouen
Metropolitan Archdiocese of Rouen
Statistics
Area 6,103 km2 (2,356 sq mi)
Population
Total
Catholics 		(as of 2022)
279,942
261,000 (est.) (93.2%)
Information
Denomination Catholic
Sui iuris church Latin Church
Rite Roman Rite
Established 3rd Century
Cathedral Cathedral Basilica of Notre Dame in Sées
Secular priests 58 (Diocesan)
34 (Religious Orders)
25 Permanent Deacons
Current leadership
Pope Leo XIV
Bishop elect Bruno Feillet
Metropolitan Archbishop Dominique Lebrun
Map
Website
orne.catholique.fr

The Diocese of Séez (Latin: Dioecesis Sagiensis; French: Diocèse de Séez) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in France. Originally established in the 3rd century, the diocese encompasses the department of Orne in the region of Normandy. The episcopal see is the cathedral in Sées,[1] and the diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Rouen.

In 2022, in the Diocese of Séez there was one priest for every 2,836 Catholics.

History

Saint Ebrulf, a native of the Diocese of Bayeux, founded, after 560, several monasteries in the Diocese of Séez; one of them became the important Abbey of Saint-Martin-de-Séez,[2] which, owing to the influence of its administrator-general, Cardinal Richelieu, the chief Minister of King Louis XIII, was reformed in 1636 by the Benedictines of Saint-Maur.

Richard I of Normandy (942–996) rebuilt the abbey of Fécamp.[3] In 990, Bishop Azon (c. 986–1006) consecrated the church of the Abbey of the Trinity at Fécamp. In 1006, he attended a Chapter held at the monastery.[4]

Chapter and cathedral

Bishop Azon (c. 986–1006) began the building of a new cathedral, dedicated to Nôtre-Dame-du-Vivier.[5] In 1045, the old cathedral was burned to the ground, during an attack by the freebooting brothers Richard, Robert and Avesgaud de Soreng.[6] The cathedral of Séez dates from the twelfth century; that of Alençon was begun in the fourteenth. The new cathedral of Séez was begun by Bishop Yves de Bellême (c. 1035–1070).[7] It was consecrated by Bishop Jean (1123–1143) on 21 March 1126.[8] In mid-1802, Cardinal Giovanni Battista Caprara, the papal legate in France, without consideration of local sensibilities, changed the dedication of the cathedral to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

In 1129, the cathedral Chapter, which was responsible for the service and administration of the cathedral, was reorganized, and changed from secular priests to religious priests following the Rule of Saint Augustine as practiced by the Canons Regular of Saint Victor in Paris. In 1131, the arrangement was approved by Innocent II at the Council of Reims.[9] The Chapter was headed by eight dignities (Provost, Cantor, Achdeacon of Séez, Archdeacon Oximensis, Archdeacon Hulmensis, Archdeacon Bellensis, Archdeacon Corbonensis, and the Penitentiary) and sixteen canons (including the Theologus and the Praeceptor).[10]

On 25 May 1199, Pope Innocent III signed the bull "Quoties a Nobis" for the canons of the cathedral of Séez, confirming all their privileges and possessions in detail.[11]

On 22 November 1547, after striking an agreement with the canons and receiving the permission of King Henri II, Bishop Pierre Duval (1545–1564) replaced the Canons Regular of the cathedral with secular canons. A bull was obtained from Pope Paul III, "Clementia ejus" dated 19 November 1547, ratifying the agreement.[12]

A provincial council of Normandy was held on 1 October 1196, in which Bishop Lisiard of Séez participated.[13]

La Trappe

in fulfillment of a vow, Count Rotrou II of Perche established in 1122, at Soligny, the Abbey of La Trappe, in favour of which bulls were issued by Pope Eugene III ("Apostolici moderaminis," 7 June 1147),[14] Pope Alexander III ("Religiosam Vitam," 18 December 1173) and Pope Innocent III ("Non absque dolore," 30 October 1203).[15] In 1214, Bishop Sylvester (1202–1220) assisted Archbishop Robert of Rouen in the dedication of the abbey church of La Trappe.[16]

A printing press was established in the diocese at Alençon in 1530, by Simon Dubois, soon joined by another by Robert Malassis.[17]

Protestants

Bishop Pierre Duval (1545–1564) attended the Colloquy of Poissy in September–October 1561, presided over by Queen Mother Catherine de Medici, which attempted, unsuccessfully, to achieve a reconciliation between Catholics and Protestants in France.[18] In the next year, Comte Gabriel de Montgomery, who had become a Protestant and who gave refuge to fellow believers in his domain near Vimoutiers in the diocese of Séez, 43 km (26.5 mi) north of Sées, conducted a sudden attack on Alençon which successfully brought the Protestants into possession of the city.[19] They also raided Le Perch in the east, and the abbey of Belle-Étoile in the west of the diocese. In February 1563, Coligny and the Huguenot army, accompanied by Theodore de Bèze, entered the diocese. On 18 March, having pillaged the monastery of Almenèches, Coligny and part of his army arrived in Sées, where the house of the Cordeliers was pillaged and three of the friars killed. Fortunately, Bishop Duval was in Italy, attending the Council of Trent.[20]

In 1568, open warfare between Catholics, led by the Marshal de Marigny, and the Protestants, led by Gabriel de Montgomery, broke out again in the diocese. In May, the situation was so bad in Sées that Bishop Louis de Moulinet (1564–1601) had to leave along with some of his clergy and seek refuge in Argentan. In September 1568, Protestant forces led by Montgomery entered Sées, and entirely destroyed the abbey of Saint-Martin. The cathedral and other churches in the neighborhood were pillaged. In November 1569, Bishop de Moulinet preached and conferred minor orders in Alençon, whose priest had apostasized and joined the Calvinists. Alençon quickly became a center of Protestantism.[21] It was not until 1571 that Matigny was able to give his attention to repairing the damage which had been done to the city of Sées.[22]

During the continuation of the St Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572,[23] Jacques Matignon, governor of Alençon and leader of the Catholics, succeeded in saving the lives of the Protestants at Alençon. Catholic priests and nuns were harassed and driven out.[24]

The future bishop of Séez, Jean Bertaut (1606–1611), who was Abbot of Sainte-Marie-d'Aulnay and First Almoner to Queen Catherine de Medici at the time, was present at the assassination of King Henry III of France on 1 August 1589. Bertaut supported the legal heir, the Protestant Henry of Navarre, who became King Henry IV of France.[25] The future bishop Claude de Morenne (1600–1606) presented a funeral oration at the death of Henry III, and wrote poems and a panegyric for teh coronation of Henry IV.[26]

French Revolution

On 2 November 1789, the National Assembly proclaimed that all ecclesiastical property was confiscated by the State.[27]

Even before it directed its attention to the Church directly, the National Constituent Assembly attacked the institution of monasticism. On 13 February 1790. it issued a decree which stated that the government would no longer recognize solemn religious vows taken by either men or women. In consequence, Orders and Congregations which lived under a Rule were suppressed in France. Members of either sex were free to leave their monasteries or convents if they wished, and could claim an appropriate pension by applying to the local municipal authority.[28]

The National Constituent Assembly ordered the replacement of political subdivisions of the ancien régime with subdivisions called "departments", to be characterized by a single administrative city in the center of a compact area. The decree was passed on 22 December 1789, and the boundaries fixed on 26 February 1790, with the effective date of 4 March 1790.[29] A new department was created called "Orne," and Alençon became the administrative city in the department.[30]

The National Constituent Assembly then, on 6 February 1790, instructed its ecclesiastical committee to prepare a plan for the reorganization of the clergy. At the end of May, its work was presented as a draft Civil Constitution of the Clergy, which, after vigorous debate, was approved on 12 July 1790. There was to be one diocese in each department,[31] requiring the suppression of approximately fifty dioceses.[32] The diocese of Orne (Seez) was named the diocese of the department of Orne, and its seat fixed at Seez.[33] A new metropolitanate was created, the "Metropole des côtes de la Manche," with its metropolitan seated in Rouen. Orne (Séez) was one of its suffragans.[34] All ecclesiastical officials were required to subscribe to an oath to the Civil Constitution, or face deposition, ejection, arrest, trial, and deportation. Bishop Jean-Baptiste du Plessis d'Argentré, who was also serving as mayor of the city of Sées, refused to take the oath,[35] and fled to England, from which he joined his brother in Münster, where he died on 24 February 1805. He, and all the other legitimate bishops of France, had been ordered by Pope Pius VII, in a brief of 16 July 1801, to resign his office. He refused, and was therefore deposed.[36]

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy also abolished Chapters, canonries, prebends, and other offices both in cathedras and in collegiate churches. It also abolished chapters in abbeys and priories of either sex, whether regular or secular.[37] On 14 January 1791, the General Council of the commune of Sées ordered the cathedral Chapter to cease its functions.[38]

In February 1791, the electors of the department of the Orne elected the parish priest of Condé-sur-Seurthe, Marin Loublier, as constitutional bishop of Orne. He refused and protested, writing a pamphlet attacking the constitutional church as schismatic, and had to leave the department. He went to Paris, where he was arrested on 23 August 1792, and massacred at the prison of Saint-Fermin on 3 September 1792.[39] With the refusal of Abbé Loublier, the electors, on 24 February 1791, chose the parish priest of Berus (diocese of Le Mans), André-Jacques-Simon Lefessier, as their constitutional bishop. He was uncanonically and blasphemously consecrated in Paris on 3 April 1791, by Jean-Baptiste Gobel. He remained in Paris from 1791 to 1793, as a member of the Legislative Assembly, having been refused admission by the canons of the cathedral in Séez. The constitutional clergy were constantly harassed and driven out by the Chouans, who supported the monarchy and were in revolt against the governments in Paris. On 15 March 1794, he appeared before the general council of the department of Oure, and resigned his ecclesiastical functions. After the death of Robespierre, however, he resumed his functions, until he was compelled to resign in the summer of 1801.[40]

During the French Revolution the Trappists went with Dom Augustin de Lestranges, 26 April 1791, into Switzerland, where they founded the convent of La Val Saint. The Congregation returned to Soligny soon after the accession of Louis XVIII.[41] Among the abbots of the Trappist monastery at Soligny were: Cardinal Jean du Bellay, who held a number of bishoprics and resigned his abbatial dignity in 1538;[42] the historian Dom François Armand Gervaise, superior of the abbey from 1696 to 1698.[43] The Grande Trappe of Soligny still exists in the Diocese of Séez.

Restoration

The French Directory fell in the coup engineered by Talleyrand and Napoleon on 10 November 1799. The coup resulted in the establishment of the French Consulate, with Napoleon as the First Consul. To advance his aggressive military foreign policy, he decided to make peace with the Catholic Church and the Papacy.[44] In the concordat of 1801 between the French Consulate, headed by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, and Pope Pius VII, and in the enabling papal bull, "Qui Christi Domini", the constitutional diocese of Orne (Séez) and all the other dioceses in France, were suppressed. This removed all the institutional contaminations and novelties introduced by the Constitutional Church.[45] The diocesan structure was then re-established by the papal bull "Qui Christi Domini" of 29 November 1801, including the diocese of Séez.[46] The Concordat was registered as a French law on 8 April 1802.[47]

The addition of some parishes of the Dioceses of Bayeux, Lisieux, Le Mans and Chartres, and the removal of some districts formerly included in the diocese of Séez, made the boundaries of the new diocese exactly coextensive with the civil department of Orne. The diocese of Séez is suffragan to the Archdiocese of Rouen in Normandy.

In the bull "Qui Christi Domini", Pius VII had allowed for the re-creation of cathedral Chapters, and had assigned to Cardinal Giovanni Battista Caprara, the papal legate in France, powers to see to their establishment, which he granted to each of the archbishops and bishops of the newly created dioceses.[48] On 6 December 1802, Bishop Hilarion-François de Chevigné de Boischollet (1802–1812) established a Chapter, consisting of ten canons; he also added honorary canons, five in number. The canons, however, did not form a corporate body, and could not meet except with permission of the bishop, who presided. Contrary to Cardinal Caprara's instructions, no "dignity" was established; the two vicars-general of the bishop led the canons. At the insistence of the First Consul Bonaparte, the canons included several former officials of the schismatic constitutional church. On 18 December 1802, Bishop Boischollet issued a set of Statutes for the Chapter.[49]

The diocesan seminary, which had been suppressed during the Revolution, was reopened by Bishop Boischollet on 1 November 1806, with 19 students.[50]

Education

Before the application of the law of 1901 against religious congregations, the diocese had several teaching congregations of brothers, including the Redemptorists. Under the law, only the Frères des écoles chrétiennes, the Sulpicians, the Lazarists, the Spiritans, and the Pères des missions étrangères de Paris, were recognized.[51]

Among the congregations of nuns originating in the diocese may be mentioned: the Sisters of Providence, a teaching and nursing institute founded in 1683 with mother-house at Séez; the Sisters of Christian Education, established in 1817 by Abbé Lafosse, mother-house at Argentan, and a branch of the order at Farnborough in England;[52] the Soeurs de la Miséricorde de Séez (Sisters of Mercy), founded in 1818 by Abbé Jean-Jacques Bazin, vicar-general of Séez,[53] to nurse the sick in their own homes.[54]

In 1884 Monseigneur Buguet, curé of Montligeon chapel, founded an expiatory society for the abandoned souls in Purgatory, since erected by Pope Leo XIII into a Prima Primaria archconfraternity.

Some bishops

Diocesan pilgrimages

The diocese of Séez maintains a web page,[57] listing the pilgrimages of the year.

Bishops

"Louis Duchesne believed that for the period anterior to 900 no reliance can be placed on the episcopal catalogue of Séez, which we know by certain compilations of the sixth century."[58] A later tradition assigns Saint Latuinus to the first century and makes him a missionary sent by Pope Clement I.[59]

To 1000

[ Saint Latuin ][60]
Sigisbold, c. 460[61]
(c. 460): Landry[62]
? (511): Litardus[65]
  • (533–549): Passivus[66]
  • (567–573): Leudobaudis[67]
  • (c. 575–585) Hildebrand[68]
  • ? (c. 614):? Marcellus[69]
  • (c. 647/653–663): Amlacarius[70]
? (670–682): Raverenus[71]
  • (c. 688–706): Alnobertus[72]
  • (706): Rodobert or Chrodobert, also count of Hiémois
  • Hugues I (bishop of Sees), 8th century
  • (???–750): Ravenger
  • Loyer or Lothaire, around 750
  • (???– 770?): Chrodegang or Godegrand[73]
  • (765–805): Gerard
  • (c. 811): Reginald of Sees
  • ( c. 833): Ingelnom
  • (840–852): Saxoboldus[74]
  • (880–916): Adalhelmus[75]
  • (10th cent.): Robert I
  • (10th cent.): Benedict
  • (c. 986–1006): Azon the Venerable[76]

1000 to 1378

  • Richard[77]
  • (c. 1010–1026): Sigefroi or Sigefroi
  • (c. 1025–c. 1030): Radbod
  • (c. 1035–1070): Yves de Bellême[78]
  • (c. 1070–c. 1081): Robert de Ryes[79]
  • (1082–1091): Gerard
  • (1091–1123): Serlon d'Orgères[80]
  • (1124–1143): Jean de Neuville
  • (1144–1157): Gerard
  • (1157–1184): Froger[81]
  • (1184–1201): Lisiard[82]
  • (1202–1220): Sylvester[83]
  • (1220–1228): Gervais of Chichester[84]
  • (1228–1240): Hugues[85]
  • (1240–1258): Geoffroy de Mayet[86]
  • (1258–1278): Thomas d'Aunou[87]
  • (1278–1294): Jean de Bernieres[88]
  • (1295–1315): Philippe Le Boulanger[89]
  • (1315–1320): Richard de Sentilly
  • (1320–1356): Guillaume Mauger
  • (1356–1363): Gervais de Belleau
  • (1363–1378): Guillaume de Rance

1378 to 1650

  • (1378–1404): Gregory Langlois, Avignon Obedience[90]
  • (1404–1408): Pierre Beaublé, Avignon Obedience
  • (1408–1422): Jean, Avignon Obedience
  • (1422–1433): Robert de Rouvres
  • (1433–1434): Thibaut Lemoine
  • (1434–1438): Jean Chevalier[91]
  • (1438–1454): Jean de Pérusse d'Escars[92]
  • (1454–1478): Robert de Cornegrue[93]
  • (1478–1493): Étienne Goupillon[94]
  • (1493–1502): Gilles de Laval[95]
  • (1503–1510): Claude d'Husson[96]
  • (1511–1539): Jacques de Silly[97]
  • (1539–1545): Nicolas de Dangu[98]
  • (1545–1564): Pierre Duval[99]
  • (1564–1600): Louis de Moulinet[100]
  • (1600–1606): Claude de Morenne[101]
  • (1606–1611): Jean Bertaut[102]
  • (1611–1614): Jacques Suares[103]
  • (1614–1650): Jacques Camus de Pontcarré[104]

1650 to 1801

Constitutional Church (schismatic). Diocese of Orne
  • (1791–1801): André-Jacques-Simon Lefessier[113]

Since 1802

Canonical status and jurisdiction

Roman Catholic Diocese of Séez is a diocese of the catholic church of the Catholic Church.[123]

From the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia

Diocese of Séez — (SAGIUM.)

Diocese embracing the Department of Orne. Re-established by the Concordat of 1802, which, by adding to it some parishes of the dioceses of Bayeux, Lisieux, Le Mans, and Chartres, and by cutting off some districts formerly included in it, made it exactly coextensive with the department. It is suffragan to the Archdiocese of Rouen. Mgr. Duchesne is of opinion that for the period anterior to 900 no reliance can be placed on the episcopal catalogue of Séez, which we know by certain compilations of the sixth century. This catalogue mentions Sigisbald and Saint Latuinus (Lain or Latuin) as the first two bishops of the sec. Saint Landry, martyr, would be the third. Some historians say that Sigisbald had lived about 451, and Landry about 480; others, relying on a later tradition, assign Saint Latuinus to the first century and make him a missionary sent by Saint Clement. The first bishop of Séez historically known, according to Mgr. Duchesne, is Passivus, who assisted at four councils after the year 533. As bishops of Séez the following merit mention: St. Raverennus (date uncertain), whom Mgr. Duchesne does not include in the episcopal list; St. Aunobertus (about 689); assassinated, whose double episcopacy Mgr. Duchesne assigns to the close of the seventh or the beginning of the eighth century; St. Adalhelmus (Adelin), author of a work on the life and miracles of St. Opportuna; Gervaise (1220-28), a Premonstratensian, who had the confidence of Celestin III, Innocent III, and Honorius III; Jean Bertaut (1607-11), who, with his fellow-student and friends, Du Perron, contributed greatly to the conversion of Henry IV, and who was esteemed for his poetical talents; for the occupation of the See of Séez in 1813 by Guillaume Baston (1741-1825), see BASTON, GUILLAUME-ANDRÉ-RENÉ.

St. Evroul, a native of the Diocese of Bayeux, founded, after 560, several monasteries in the Diocese of Séez; one of them became the important Abbey of St-Martin-de-Séez, which, owing to the influence of Richelieu, its administrator-general, was reformed in 1636 by the Benedictines of St-Maur. Rotrou II, Count of Perche, in fulfillment of a vow, established in 1122, at Soligny, the Abbey of La Trappe, in favour of which Bulls were issued by Eugene III (1147), Alexander III (1173), and Innocent III (1203), and which was reformed in 1662 by Abbot Amand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé (q.v.). During the Revolution the Trappists went with Dom Augustin de Lestranges, 26 April, 1791, into Switzerland, where they founded the convent of La Val Saint, but returned to Soligny soon after the accession of Louis XVII. Among the abbots of the Trappists monastery at Soligny were: Cardinal Jean du Bellay, who held a number of bishoprics and resigned his abbatial dignity in 1538; the historian Dom Gervaise, superior of the abbey from 1696-8. On the occasion of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew (1572) Matignon, leader of the Catholics, succeeded in saving the lives of the Protestants at Alençon. The cathedral of Séez dates from the twelfth century; that of Alençon was begun in the fourteenth. The following saints are the object of special devotion: SS. Ravennus and Rasyphus, martyred in the diocese about the beginning of the third century; St. Céronne (d. about 490), who founded two monasteries of nuns near Mortagne; St. Cenerius, of Céneri (d. about 669), born at Spoleto, founder of the monastery of St. Cenerius; St. Opportuna, sister of St. Chrodegang, and her aunt, St. Lanthilda, abbesses of the two monasteries of Almenèches (end of the seventh or beginning of the eighth century); St. Evremond (d. about 720), founder of the monasteries of Fontenay les Louvets and Montmevrey; St. Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury (d. 1099), who as Comte de Séez, had followed William the Conqueror into England.

The chief pilgrimages in the diocese are: Notre-Dame de Champs at Séez, Notre-Dame du Vallet, Notre-Dame du Repos, near Almenèches, three very ancient shrines; Notre-Dame de Lignerolles, a pilgrimage of the seventh century; Notre-Dame de Recouvrance, at Les Tourailles, dating beyond 900; Notre-Dame de Longny, established in the sixteenth century; Notre-Dame du Lignon, a pilgrimage of the seventeenth century. In 1884 Mgr. Buguet, curé of Montligeon chapel, founded an expiatory society for the abandoned souls in Purgatory, since erected by Leo XIII into a Prima Primaria archconfraternity, which publishes six bulletins in different languages and has members in every part of the world. Notre Dame de la Chapelle Montligeon is also a place of pilgrimage. The Grande Trappe of Soligny still exists in the Diocese of Séez, which before the application of the law of 1901 against religious congregations had different teaching congregations of brothers, in addition to the Redemptorists. Among the congregations of nuns originating in the diocese may be mentioned: the Sisters of Providence, a teaching and nursing institute founded in 1683 with mother-house at Séez; the Sisters of Christian Education, established in 1817 by Abbé Lafosse, mother-house at Argentan, and a branch of the order at Farnborough in England; the Sisters of Mercy, founded in 1818 by Abbé Bazin to nurse the sick in their own homes. At the close of the nineteenth century the religious congregations had in the diocese: 2 infant asylums, 24 infant schools, 3 workshops, 1 school for the blind, 1 for the deaf and dumb, 4 boys' orphanages, 11 girls' orphanages, 2 refugees, 16 hospitals, 16 convents of nuns devoted to the care of the sick at home, and 1 insane asylum. At the time of the destruction of the Concordat (1905) the diocese contained 326,952 inhabitants, 45 cures, 467 succursal churches, 135 vicariates towards the support of which the State contributed.

Gallia Christiana (nova), XI (1759), 674-711, instr. 151-200; DUCHESNE, Fastes épiscopaux, II, 229-34; FISQUET, France pontificale, diocèse de Séez (Paris, 1866); HOMMEY, Histoire Générale ecclésiastique et civile du diocèse de Séez (Alençon, 1899-1900); MARAIS AND BEAUDOUIN, Essai historique sur la cathédrale et le chapître de Séez (Alençon, 1878); BLIN, Vie des saints du diocè de Séez et histoire de leur culte, I (Laigle, 1873).

References

  1. Back to citation Note that the names of the town and the diocese are spelled differently
  2. Back to citation Gallia christiana XI, pp. 712–728.
  3. Back to citation Hommey, vol. 1, p. 399. Fécamp was an abbey of women.
  4. Back to citation Hommey, vol. 1, p. 401.
  5. Back to citation Hommey, vol. 1, pp. 401–402.
  6. Back to citation Hommey volume 2, p. 5.
  7. Back to citation Hommey volume 2, pp. 14–15.
  8. Back to citation Hommey, volume 2, pp. 265–266.
  9. Back to citation Hommey, vol. 2, pp. 5–14.
  10. Back to citation Gallia christiana vol. 11, pp. 674–675. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 362, note 1.
  11. Back to citation Hommey III, pp. 68–72. Gallia christiana XI, "Instrumenta", p. 169.
  12. Back to citation Hommey, Vol. 3, p. 13; pp. 26–33. Marais & Beaudoin, pp. 152–157. Gallia christiana vol. 11, "Instrumenta," pp. 176–196.
  13. Back to citation Hommey III, p. 62.
  14. Back to citation Hyacinthe de Charencey, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Notre-Dame de la Trappe (in Latin) (Alençon: Typographie Renaut-De-Broise, 1889), pp. 580–581.
  15. Back to citation [A Cistercian monk], A Concise History of the Cistercian Order, (London: T. Richardson and Son, 1852), pp. 141–178. Hyacinthe de Charencey, Histoire de l'abbaye de la Grande-Trappe, (in French), Volume 1 (Mortagny: Imp. du Bonhomme Percherou, 1896), pp. 43–53; p. 60.
  16. Back to citation Hommey III, p. 97.
  17. Back to citation Hommey, vol. 4, p. 37.
  18. Back to citation Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 44–47.
  19. Back to citation Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 47–49.
  20. Back to citation Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 55–62.
  21. Back to citation Marais & Beaudoin, pp. 161–165.
  22. Back to citation Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 73–76.
  23. Back to citation Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 80–86.
  24. Back to citation Henry White, The Massacre of St. Bartholomew: Preceded by a History of the Religious Wars in the Reign of Charles IX, (New York: Harpers; J. Murray, 1868), p. 448. Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 83–84.
  25. Back to citation Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 159–160.
  26. Back to citation René Courtin, Histoire du Perche, (in French), (Mortagne: Marchand & Gilles 1893), p. 111.
  27. Back to citation J. B. Duvergier, Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'état, (in French), Volume 1 (Paris: A. Guyot et Scribe, 1834), pp. 64–65: "L'Assemblée nationale décrète, 1º que tous les biens ecclésiastiques sont à la disposition de la nation, à la charge de pourvoir, d'une manière convenable, aux frais du culte, à l'entretien de ses ministres, et au soulagement des pauvres, sous la surveillance et d'après les instructions des provinces; 2º que dans les dispositions à faire pour subvenir à l'entretien des ministres de la religion, il ne pourra être assuré à la dotation d'aucune cure moins de douze cents livres par année, non compris le logement et les jardins en dépendant". Marais & Beaudoin, pp. 255–257.
  28. Back to citation Duvergier, Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'état, Volume 1, p. 118: "La loi constitutionnelle du royaume ne reconnaitra plus de voeux monastiques solennels des personnes de l'un ni de l'autre sexe: en conséquence, les ordres et congrégations réguliers dans lesquels on fait de pareils voeux sont et demeureront supprimés en France, sans qu'il puisse en être établi de semblables à l'avenir." Michael Burleigh, Earthly Powers: The Clash of Religion and Politics in Europe, from the French Revolution to the Great War (New York: Harper Collins 2006), p. 54.
  29. Back to citation Pisani, pp. 10–11.
  30. Back to citation Duvergier, p. 108: "59. ORNE. L'assemblée de ce département se tiendra dans la ville d'Alençon. Il est divisé en six districts, dont les chefs-lieux sont: Alençon, Domfront, Argentan, l'Aigle, Bellesme, Mortagne."
  31. Back to citation "Civil Constitution," Title I, "Article 1. Chaque département formera un seul diocèse, et chaque diocèse aura la même étendue et les mêmes limites que le département."
  32. Back to citation Ludovic Sciout, Histoire de la constitution civile du clergé (1790–1801): L'église et l'Assemblée constituante, (in French and Latin), Vol. 1 (Paris: Firmin Didot 1872), p. 182: Art. 2 "...Tous les autres évêchés existant dans les quatre-vingt-trois départements du royaume, et qui ne sont pas nommément compris au présent article, sont et demeurent supprimés."
  33. Back to citation Duvergier, p. 242.
  34. Back to citation Duvergier, p. 242; "L'arrondissement de la métropole des côtes de la Manche comprendra les évêchés des départemens de la Seine-Inférieure du Calvados, de la Manche, de l'Orne, de l'Eure, de l'Oise, de la Somme, du Pas-de-Calais."
  35. Back to citation Marais & Beaudoin, pp. 265–268.
  36. Back to citation Marais & Beaudoin, pp. 304–305.
  37. Back to citation Duvergier, Vol. 1, p. 285: Article I, "20. Tous titres et offices, autres que ceux mentionnés en la présente constitution, les dignités, canonicats, prébendes, demi-prébendes, chapelles, chapellenies, tant des églises cathédrales que des églises collégiales, et tous chapitres réguliers et séculiers de l'un et de l'autre sexe, les abbayes et prieurés en règle ou en commende, aussi de l'un et de l'autre sexe, et tous autres bénéfices et prestimonies généralement quelconques, de quelque nature et sous quelque dénomination que ce soit, sont, à compter du jour de la publication du présent décret, éteints et supprimés, sans qu'il puisse jamais en être établi de semblables."
  38. Back to citation Marais & Beaudoin, pp. 269–270.
  39. Back to citation Pisani, pp. 184–185. Jean Baptiste Nicolas Blin, Les martyrs de la Révolution dans le diocèse de Séez, (in French) Volume 1 (Bar-le-Duc: Typographie des Célestines 1876), pp. 81–107.
  40. Back to citation Pisani, pp. 185–188. Gobel was a legitimate bishop, titular bishop of Lydda, consecrated in 1772. Ritzler & Sefrin Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 270 with note 3.
  41. Back to citation Fisquet, pp. 140–141.
  42. Back to citation Fisquet, pp. 144–145.
  43. Back to citation Fisquet, pp. 154–156.
  44. Back to citation Hippolyte Taine, The Origins of Contemporary France. The Modern Régime, Volume 1 (H. Holt, 1890), p. 153.
  45. Back to citation J.B. Duvergier (ed.), Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglemens et avis du Conseil d'état, (in French and Latin), Volume 13 (Paris: A. Guyot et Scribe, 1826), pp. 372, col. 2: "L'archevêché de Rouen et ses suffragans, les évêchés de Baïeux, Avranches, Evreux, Séez, Lizieux et Coutances."
  46. Back to citation Duvergier, Vol. 13, p. 374: "L'archevêché de Rouen, et les nouveaux évêchés d'Evreux, Séez, Baïeux et Coutances, que nous lui assignons pour suffragans." p. 383.
  47. Back to citation Duvergier, Vol. 13, p. 318. The law was published by an arrété of 18 April 1802.
  48. Back to citation Marais & Beaudoin, pp. 307–309.
  49. Back to citation Marais & Beaudoin, pp. 310–316.
  50. Back to citation Hommey vol. 5, pp. 299–302.
  51. Back to citation Daniel Moulinet, "La législation relative aux congrégations religieuses en France," (in French), in: Jan de Maeyer, Sofie Leplae, Joachim Schmiedl (edd), Religious Institutes in Western Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries: Historiography, Research and Legal Position (Leiden: Leuven University Press, 2004), pp. 203–242, at pp. 225–227.
  52. Back to citation Francesca Maria Steele, The Convents of Great Britain (London: Sands, 1902), pp. 190–191.
  53. Back to citation Hommey, vol. 5, p. 339.
  54. Back to citation Charles Tyck, Notices historiques sur les congrégations et communautés religieuses et les instituts de missionnaires du 19e siècle, (in French), (Louvain: Peeters, 1892), pp. 133–134.
  55. Back to citation Duchesne, p. 233. Fisquet, La France pontificale (Gallia Christiana): Metropole de Rouen: Bayeux et Lisieux, (in French) (Paris: E. Repos 1864), p. 179, has a different story, making him a monk and then the 3rd abbot of Evrecy, near Caen. Fisquet, La France pontificale (Gallia Christiana): Metropole de Rouen: Séez, p. 8.
  56. Back to citation Gottfried Henschius, in: Acta Sanctorum: Aprilis, (in Latin), Volume 3 (Antwerp: Michael Cnobarus 1675; reprint: Venice 1738), pp. 61–70.
  57. Back to citation Diocèse de Séez, "Service diocésain des Pèlerinages;" (in French); retrieved: 4 March 2025.
  58. Back to citation Goyau, Georges. "Seez" The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. Retrieved: 2016-07-07.
  59. Back to citation Marais & Beaudouin, pp. 1–12.
  60. Back to citation Said in legend to have been a 1st century apostle of Seez, sent from Rome by Bishop Clement, c. 95. Others, without evidence, place him in the 5th century. Marais & Beaudouin, pp. 1–12. Duchesne, p. 231: "Pour la période antérieure [au VII siècle] il reste cinq noms seulement, qui ne sont connus ni par histoire ni par légende. Les traditions de culte relatives aux saints Sigibold, Latuin, Landry, ne peuvent même pas être suivies, en remontant, au delà du XVe siècle. Leur plus ancien témoignage, à ma connaissance, est le catalogue lui-même."
  61. Back to citation Sigisbold (Sigebold): Fisquet, p. 5. Hommey, vol. 1, pp. 43–44; 47–48.
  62. Back to citation Landry: Fisquet, p. 5. Hommey, vol. 1, p. 51.
  63. Back to citation Hillus (Nillus): Hommey, vol. 1, pp. 60–61.
  64. Back to citation Hubertus (Annobertus): Hommey, vol. 1, pp. 54–56.
  65. Back to citation A bishop Litardus (Litharedus or Lotharius) attended the First Council of Orléans in 511. Charles de Clercq, Concilia Galliae A. 511 – A. 695 (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 13: "Litardus epicopus de Vxuma suscripsi." De Clercq believes that he was bishop of "Oxomensis, in prou. eccl. Turonensi." Duchesne, pp. 233, 244–245.
  66. Back to citation Bishop Passivus attended the Councils of Orléans 533, 538, 541 and 549. Duchesne, p. 234, no. 2. Hommey, vol. 1, pp. 83–105.
  67. Back to citation Bishop Leudobaudis was present and signed the decrees of the Council of Tours on 18 November 567, and the Council of Paris on 11 September 573. Fisquet, p. 6. Duchesne, p. 234, no. 3. De Clercq, Concilia Galliae A. 511 – A. 695, pp. 194, 213, 215: "Leudobaudis peccator ecclesiae Sagensis subscripsi."
  68. Back to citation Hildebrand: Fisquet, p. 7.
  69. Back to citation A Bishop Marcellus was present at the Council of Paris on 10 October 614. De Clercq, Concilia Galliae A. 511 – A. 695, p. 282: "Ex ciuitate Senacio Marcellus episcopus." His name does not appear in the episcopal list, and is not included by Duchesne (p. 234).
  70. Back to citation Bishop Amlacarius (whom Duchesne considers the same as Milechardus) was present at the Council of Chalon-sur-Saône at some point between 647 and 653. De Clercq, Concilia Galliae A. 511 – A. 695, p. 309: Amlacarius episcopus ecclesie Saginsis subscripsi."
  71. Back to citation The name Raverenus appears in the episcopal list in Duchesne, p. 230, before Aunobertus. Gallia Christiana Vol. 11, p. 676, no. XII.
  72. Back to citation Bishop Alnobertus attended the Council of Rouen of 692, and died in 706. Duchesne, p. 234, no. 5.
  73. Back to citation Godegrand: Duchesne, p. 232.
  74. Back to citation Saxoboldus: Gallia Christiana Vol. 11, p. 678, no. XXIII. Duchesne, p. 234, no. 10.
  75. Back to citation Patronized by Charles the Fat, he became a prisoner of the Vikings, and was transported to England, from which he escaped. Gallia Christiana Vol. 11, p. 679, no. XXV. Duchesne, p. 235, no. 12.
  76. Back to citation Azo: Gallia Christiana Vol. 11, pp. 679–680, no. XXVI.
  77. Back to citation Richard I: Hommey I, pp. 413–415.
  78. Back to citation Yves de Bellême: Hommey II, pp. 1–19.
  79. Back to citation Robert de Ryes participated in the council of Reims in 1072, and again in 1074 in the presence of William the Conqueror. In 1077, he assisted Lanfranc of Canterbury in the consecration of the church of the abbey of Bec. Hommey II, pp. 131–151.
  80. Back to citation Serlon, abbot of Saint-Évroult, was chosen by an assembly of suffragan bishops and abbots summoned by Archbishop Guillaume of Rouen, in consultation with Duke Robert of Normandy. He was consecrated on 22 June 1091, and ruled the diocese for 32 years and 4 months. On 11 December 1093, he participated in the consecration of the church of Bray. In 1095, he participated in the council of Clermont, and in 1096 the six suffragan bishops of Normandy were assembled, along with the abbots of the province, by Archbishop Guillaume of Rouen, to ratify and proclaim the decrees of the council of Clermont. Bishop Serlon assisted at the coronation of Henry III of England at Canterbury on 9 August 1100. In 1103, he was forced to flee the diocese because of the wars of Robert Court-Heuze. In 1115, when summoned to a council by the papal legate, Cardinal Conon, the bishops of Normandy were forbidden to attend by King Henry III of England, for which disobedience the bishops, including Serlon, were excommunicated. He died on 22 October 1122, according to Hommey; or 27 October 1123, according to Fisquet. Fisquet, pg=PA20 pp. 20–22. Hommey, vol. 2, pp. 174–175; 186–187; 208; 212–216; 256–258; 259–260.
  81. Back to citation Froger (or Roger): Hommey III, pp. 1–42.
  82. Back to citation Lisiard died on 23 or 24 October 1201. Hommey III, pp. 47–48; 60–66; 76–77.
  83. Back to citation On the death of Bishop Lisiard, the canons agreed to elect no one who was not a member of the Chapter. King John of England attempted to appoint Guillaume, later Dean of Lisieux. When the Chapter refused, the king confiscated their incomes and forced them out of Sées; the canons then laid the interdict on the entire diocese. The canons reassembled in Rouen and elected Raoul de Merlerat, but he died while on a journey to Rome to have his election confirmed by Pope Innocent III. The Chapter assembled again, and unanimously chose Archdeacon Sylvester of Séez, the nephew of Bishop Froger, while rejecting Erbert, another of King John's nominees. Pope Innocent confirmed the election of Sylvester in a bull of 25 June 1202. He died on 26 June 1220. Fisquet, pp. 28–30. Hommey, vol. 3, pp. 77–104. Eubel I, p. 427.
  84. Back to citation Born in Lincoln, England, Gervais was a doctor of theology (Paris). He became a Premonstratensian at the abbey of Saint-Just, was 13th abbot-general of Prémontré, elected on 5 February 1209. He had previously been abbot of Saint-Just (Thenailles). He took part in the Fourth Lateran Council (1215). He returned to Rome early in the reign of Pope Honorius III and became papal penitentiary. On the death of Bishop Sylvester, the cathedral Chapter elected Hugo de Bellou, but the pope voided the election. Gervais was named bishop of Séez by Pope Honorius on 20 December 1220. He died on 28 December 1228. Charles Taïée, "Prémontré. Étude sur l'abbaye de ce nom, et sur l'ordre", (in French), in: Bulletin de la Société académique de Laon Vol. 19 (Paris 1872), pp. 93–262, at pp. 152–157, and 170. P. Pressutti, Regesta Honorii papae III, (in Latin), Vol. 1, p. 479, no. 2899. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 427.
  85. Back to citation Hugues, C.R., had been Prior of the Chapter of the cathedral before his election as bishop. Fisquet, p. 132. Hommey, vol. 3, pp. 114–122. Eubel I, p. 427.
  86. Back to citation Geoffrey died on 30 January 1258. Hommey, vol. 3, pp. 122–137. Fisquet, p. 32. Eubel I, p. 427.
  87. Back to citation Thomas was a member of a baronial family from the diocese. His election was confirmed by the archbishop of Rouen on 2 July 1258. He died on 15 June 1258. Fisquet, p. 33. Hommey, vol. 3, pp. 137–145.
  88. Back to citation Jean died on 15 April 1294. Fisquet, pp. 33–34. Eubel I, pp. 427–428.
  89. Back to citation Philippe was confirmed by Pope Boniface VIII on 21 October 1295. He died on 1 April 1315. Fisquet, pp. 34–35. Eubel I, p. 428.
  90. Back to citation Gregory Langlois: Eubel I, p. 428.
  91. Back to citation Chevalier was provided by Pope Eugenius IV on 21 May 1434. He died on 6 August 1438. During his episcopate the diocese was under the control of the English. Fisquet, p. 41. Hommey, vol. 3, pp. 285–288. Eubel II, p. 226 with note 2.
  92. Back to citation Perusse was made bishop of Séez by the English. He rebuilt the episcopal palace. In 1450, Sées was pillaged by the English. He died on 4 June 1454. Hommey, vol. 3, pp. 288–298. Eubel II, pp. 226–227.
  93. Back to citation Cornegrue: Gallia christiana XI, pp. 699–700. Eubel II, p. 227.
  94. Back to citation Goupillon was a doctor of Canon Law, and secretary of Pope Sixtus IV. He became a canon of Chartres, Dean of Lisieux, and in 1473 Chancellor and Archdeeacon of Caux in the diocese of Rouen. On the transfer of Cornegrue to the titular diocese of Sidon, Goupillon was named bishop of Séez on 4 May 1478. He is said to have been deposed by the pope for having forged letters of the king and the secretary of state. He died on 19 December 1493. Gallia christiana XI, p. 700. Fisquet, pp. 45–46. Eubel II, p. 227 with note 3. Hommey, vol. 3, p. 357, does not believe that Goupillon was deposed. Hommey, pp. 324, 328–329.
  95. Back to citation Laval had been elected bishop of Séez in 1478 by the Chapter. He had been coadjutor and vicar-general of Bishop Robert de Cornegrue. On the death of Gilles de Laval he was provided as bishop of Séez by Pope Alexander VI. Fisquet, pp. 46–47. Eubel II, p. 227.
  96. Back to citation Husson, the nephew of Cardinal Jean de Trémoille, was appointed on 1 February 1503 by Pope Alexander VI. He was transferred to the diocese of Poitiers on 10 September 1507 by Pope Julius II, in succession to his uncle the Cardinal, but the Chapter of Séez had already elected Florent d'Allemagne, and therefore Husson could not take possession of Poitiers until Florent's death on 17 September 1510. He resigned the diocese of Séez on 31 December 1510. Fisquet, p. 47. Eubel II, p. 227; III, pp. 273 with note 4; 288.
  97. Back to citation Jacques de Silly was appointed on 17 March 1511, by Pope Julius II. He held a diocesan synod in 1524, and issued a catechism. He died at Fleuré, near Argentan, on 24 April 1539. Hommey, vol. 3, pp. 374–375; pp. 430–431. Eubel, Hierarchy catholica III, p. 288 with note 3.
  98. Back to citation Dangu was nominated by King Francis I of France, and approved in consistory by Pope Paul III on 9 June 1539. He was transferred to the diocese of Mende on 12 August 1545. He died in 1567. Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 1–2. Eubel III, pp. 244 with note 7; 288 with note 4.
  99. Back to citation Duval was appointed in the consistory of 8 June 1545, by Pope Paul III. He attended the Council of Trent in 1563. He died on 13 October 1564. Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 11–16. Eubel, Hierarchy catholica III, p. 288 with notes 6 and 7.
  100. Back to citation Moulinet was the nephew of Bishop Pierre Duval, in whose favor Duval resigned just before his death. Moulinet's succession was confirmed by Pope Pius IV in the consistory of 17 November 1564. He resigned the diocese on 23 October 1600, and died on 3 March 1601. Eubel, Hierarchy catholica III, p. 288.
  101. Back to citation Morenne was the nephew of his predecessor, Louis de Moulinet, and held a doctoral degree in theology. He had been a canon and Provost of the cathedral of Séez. He was nominated by Henri IV, and confirmed as bishop by Pope Clement VIII on 23 October 1600. He was consecrated in Paris at Saint-Victor on 29 July 1601 by the Cardinal de Sourdis. He died on 2 March 1606. Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 144–156. Hommey, vol. 4, p. 148. Gauchat, Hierarchy catholica IV, p. 299.
  102. Back to citation Bertaut had been Abbot of Aunay and First Almoner to Queen Catherine. He had been a fellow student in Paris of Cardinal Jacques Davy Duperron, and enjoyed his patronage; he assisted the cardinal in the conversion of Henri IV to Catholicism. He was preceptor of the sons of the Marechal de Matigny. through the influence of Cardinal Duperron, Bertaut was granted his bulls by Pope Paul V, on 26 January 1607. He died on 13 June 1611, at the age of 57. Fisquet, pp. 56–59. Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 158–178.
  103. Back to citation Born in Lisbon in 1552, Suares studied at Paris, and entered the Franciscan Order at Lyon. For fourteen years, he preached in Paris and at the royal court. He was nominated by the Queen-Regent of King Louis XIII in August 1611, and was confirmed on 9 January 1612, by Pope Paul V. He issued a set of diocesan statutes in 1612 (Hommey, pp. 181–185), and held a diocesan synod on 14 September 1613. He died in Paris, at the house of the Franciscans, on 30 May 1614, at the age of 62. Fisquet, pp. 59–62. Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 179–190. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 299 with note 4.
  104. Back to citation Born in Bordeaux, the son of Pierre, sieur de Pontcarré, the judge-commissaire of Aquitaine, Camus was a canon of Paris. He was named titular bishop of Corone (Greece) and coadjutor-bishop of Séez on 17 January 1613. He was consecrated by the bishop of Paris on 31 August 1613. He succeeded to the diocese at the death of Bishop Suares on 30 May 1614, and attended the Estates-General in Paris from October 1614 to January 1615 (Hommey, pp. 195–202). He held several diocesan synods. He died on 4 November 1650. Fisquet, pp. 62–65; 202; 219–221. Hommey, vol. 4, pp. 191–192. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, pp. 165 with note 4; 299 with note 5.
  105. Back to citation Médavy was appointed in the consistory of 25 September 1651, by Pope Innocent X. On 21 January 1671 he was nominated by King Louis XIV and on 24 August 1671 he was transferred to the archdiocese of Rouen by Pope Clement X. He died on 29 January 1691. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 299 with note 6. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 336 with note 2.
  106. Back to citation Forcoal was appointed in consistory by Pope Clement X on 16 May 1672, and consecrated in Paris on 24 August 1672. He took possession of the diocese on 22 March 1673. He died on 22 February 1682. Jean, pp. 358–359. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 338 with note 2.
  107. Back to citation Savary: (22 May 1682 Appointed – 16 August 1698 Died). Jean, p. 359, no. 70.
  108. Back to citation Louis d'Aquin: (1 November 1698 Appointed – 17 May 1710 Died) Jean, p. 359, no. 71. Hommey V, pp. 1–2.
  109. Back to citation Turgot: (12 July 1710 Appointed – 18 December 1727 Died). Jean, pp. 359–360, no. 72. Hommey V, pp. 18–27.
  110. Back to citation (27 Mar 1728 Appointed – 6 April 1740 Died). Jean, p. 360, no. 73.
  111. Back to citation (5 May 1740 Appointed – 8 Sep 1775 Died). Jean, p. 360, no. 74.
  112. Back to citation Appointed bishop of Séez on 17 Sep 1775, he was approved by Pope Pius VI in the consistory of 18 December 1775. In 1791 he fled to England, and then joined his brother in Münster. He refused the demand of Pope Pius VII in 1801 for the resignation of all bishops in France, and therefore, when Pope Pius abolished all the dioceses in France on 29 November 1801, he lost his position. He died in Münster on 24 Feb 1805, at the age of 85. Jean, pp. 360–361, no. 75. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 362 with note 3.
  113. Back to citation Lefessier was elected Constitutional bishop of Orne on 24 February 1791. Pisani, pp. 184–188.
  114. Back to citation (9 Apr 1802 Appointed – 12 February 1812 Died) Hommey Vol 5, pp. 293–297; 301; 304–311.
  115. Back to citation Saussol: (8 August 1817 Appointed – 7 February 1836 Died). Fisquet, La France pontificale: Seez, pp. 100–104. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VII, p. 329.
  116. Back to citation Jolly: 25 May 1836 Appointed – 19 November 1843 Appointed, Archbishop of Sens and Auxerre. Fisquet, La France pontificale: Seez, pp. 104–105. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VII, pp. 329, 342.
  117. Back to citation Rousselet: (26 November 1843 Appointed – 1 December 1881 Died. Fisquet, pp. 105–110.
  118. Back to citation Trégaro: (1 December 1881 Succeeded – 6 January 1897 Died). Hommey vol. 5, pp. 455–491.
  119. Back to citation (24 Jul 1971 Succeeded – 10 October 1985 Appointed, Bishop of Arras (–Boulogne–Saint-Omer))
  120. Back to citation (25 Apr 2002 Succeeded – 12 March 2010 Appointed, Bishop of Bayeux and Lisieux)
  121. Back to citation (28 Oct 2010 Appointed – 10 November 2020 Appointed, Bishop of Bayeux and Lisieux)
  122. Back to citation Diocèse de Séez, "Monseigneur Bruno Feillet;" (in French); retrieved: 2 March 2025.
  123. Back to citation Roman Catholic Diocese of Séez, official website

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