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Diocese of Valence

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Diocese of Valence (–Die–Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux)
Dioecesis Valentinensis (–Diensis–Sancti Pauli Tricastinorum)
Diocèse de Valence (–Die–Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux)
Cathedral of St. Apollinaris, Valence
Cathedral of St. Apollinaris, Valence
Location
Country France
Ecclesiastical province Lyon
Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lyon
Statistics
Area 6,522 km2 (2,518 sq mi)
Population
Total
Catholics 		(as of 2022)
516,762
298,000 (est.)
Information
Denomination Roman Catholic
Rite Roman Rite
Cathedral Cathedral Basilica of St. Apollinaris of Valence
Patron saint St. Apollinaris of Valence
Secular priests 68 diocesan
59 (Religious Orders)
37 Permanent Deacons
Current leadership
Pope Leo XIV
Bishop François Durand
Metropolitan Archbishop Olivier de Germay
Map
Website
Website of the Diocese

Diocese of Valence — The Diocese of Valence (–Die–Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux) (Latin: Dioecesis Valentinensis (–Diensis–Sancti Pauli Tricastinorum); French: Diocèse de Valence (–Die–Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in southern France.[1] The contemporary diocese is co-extensive with the department of Drôme.

History

Christianity was preached in Valence c. 200, by disciples of Irenaeus of Lyon, but the bishopric is first attested in 347, when Bishop Aemilianus attended the council of Sardica.[2]

The Cathedral of Valence was originally dedicated to the martyrs Pope Cornelius (251–253) and Bishop Cyprianus of Carthage (248–258).[3]), and, on 5 August 1095, during his visit to France to rouse up the aristocracy for a Crusade to liberate the Holy Land, Pope Urban II rededicated the cathedral to the Virgin Mary and the martyrs Cornelius and Cyprian.[4] The dedication to Saint Apollinaire was added later.[5] The cathedral was administered by a corporation called the Chapter, which consisted of three dignities (a Dean, a Provost, the Archdeacon, the Theologian) fourteen Canons, and the Abbot of S. Felix.[6]

Bishop-elect Guillaume de Savoy

According to Matthew of Paris,[7] Guillaume de Savoy, the procurator of the Church of Valence, left for England in 1236. His niece, Eleanor of Provence, married King Henry III of England on 14 January 1236, and Guillaume was made a principal advisor of the king. At the parliament which met in London in April 1236, however, the Savoyards were the subject of criticism, and Guillaume left England, visited his niece Margaret of Provence, the queen of France, and by 25 June he was back in Savoy, at Chillon.[8] He returned to England in 1237, and was present in York at the signing of the treaty between Scotland and England on 25 September 1237, negotiated by the papal legate Otho Candidus.[9] Shortly thereafter, he joined the expedition of Henri de Trubeville sent by Henry III to assist his brother-in-law, Frederick II, at Milan. Guillaume met the emperor at Brescia, and obtained from him a confirmation of all the ancient privileges of the diocese of Valence, and investiture with the regalian rights belonging to the diocese.[10]

When Bishop Pierre des Roches of Winchester died on 9 June 1238, King Henry wished the electors to choose his uncle, Guillaume de Savoy as the next bishop, but the electors voted instead for Guillaume de Rale. The king immediately voided the election. The monks then elected the bishop of Chichester, Ralph de Neville, and the king again voided the election. The king then demanded that the pope appoint Guillaume by papal bull. Gregory IX was happy to do so, because it would please the king and because it would detach the House of Savoy from the party of Frederick II.[11]

Guillaume de Savoy left England permanently shortly after January 1238.[12] On 1 May 1238, the bishop of Liège, Joannes de Rumigny, died.[13] Cardinal Otho, the papal legate in England, immediately wrote to the canons, recommending that they elect Guillaume de Savoy.[14] The cathedral Chapter met on 23 (or 25) June 1238, and elected Otho, the Provost of Aix-la-chapelle, to the vacant seat. Guillaume's brother Thomas brought up troops, and drove the opposition away. They then appealed to the pope.[15] On 18 November 1238,[16] and again on 23 January 1239, Pope Gregory IX ordered inquiries,[17] and on 29 May 1239, he issued a bull granting the dioceses of Liège, Winchester, and Valence to Guillaume of Savoy.[18]

In mid-August 1239, Guillaume, his brother Count Amadeus IV, the Marquis de Lancia, and the seneschal of the Dauphiné set out for Italy with an army.[19] Having met with the pope, and briefed him on the disordered state of the diocese of Valence, Guillaume was appointed by Pope Gregory as leader of the papal army against Frederick II. He died at Viterbo on 1 September 1239, apparently of poison.[20] On 6 December 1239, Bishop Geroldus of Valence, Patriarch of Jerusalem since 1225,[21] died in Jerusalem.[22]

Boniface of Savoy and Philippe of Savoy

In arranging for his own bulls for Winchester and Liège, Guillaume de Savoy also obtained from Gregory IX the concession that one of his brothers would succeed him in Valence.[23] It is almost universally agreed that this brother was Boniface de Savoy.[24] Jules Chavalier points out, however, that the grant of Gregory IX does not name a particular brother, and that there is no document that names Boniface in connection with Valence,[25] neither as bishop-elect nor as administrator nor as procurator. The bull of his appointment as archbishop of Canterbury names him only as bishop-elect of Belley.[26]

In mid-August 1242, Boniface's brother Philippe was in Bordeaux with King Henry III and his niece Queen Eleanor; he returned with the royal couple to England in September.[27] In a marriage contract, confirmed on 6 December 1242, the guarantors include Boniface, elect of Belley, and Philippe, elect of Valence.[28] Barthélémy Hauréau has pointed out, however, that Philippe had not been canonically elected bishop; papal documents referred to him as procurator.[29] In spring 1244, Philippe petitioned the new pope, Innocent IV (Fieschi), to absolve him from the responsibility for the church of Valence (ipsum absolvere a cura praefatae ecclesiae) so that he could attend a university. The pope agreed to absolve him, and ordered the archbishop of Vienne to have the Chapter of the cathedral of Valence to conduct a canonical election of a new bishop. Nothing came of the permission to pursue education or the mandate to elect a bishop.[30]

In the last week of November 1244, Philippe, the procurator of Valence, escorted Pope Innocent, who was fleeing Frederick II, from Savoy to Lyon, where he remained to guard the pope during the Council of Lyon (26 June–17 July 1245).[31] After the council had concluded, Archbishop Aimery, the Primate of Lyon, requested that the pope allow him to retire, which the pope, very reluctantly, after pleading with him to change his mind, allowed his request.[32] Innocent IV appointed Philippe de Savoie administrator of the diocese of Lyon, while allowing him to retain his position in the diocese of Valence as well as his benefices in England and Flanders.[33] On 30 October 1246, he styles himself Nos Ph(ilippus), Dei gratia prime Lugdunensis ecclesiae electus;[34] and on 18 December 1246, he is referred to as Valentiae electus by one of his officials.[35]

On 5 December 1248, a church council was held in Valence, presided over by Cardinal Petrus, Bishop of Albano, and Cardinal Hugh, Cardinal-priest of Santa Sabina, and including the metropolitan archbishops of Narbonne, Vienne, Arles, and Aix, and fifteen bishops; the bishop-elect of Valence is not named. The council promulgated 23 canons.[36]

On 5 March 1250, King Henry III of England appointed Bishop-elect Philippe de Savoie as his plenipotentiary to negotiate an extension of the truce between England and France.[37]

In 1266, the new pope, Clement IV, who had been legal advisor to Count Raymond of Toulouse and to King Louis IX and was later archbishop of Narbonne,[38] undertook to restore civil and ecclesiastical order in Valence.[39] He wrote a letter to the archbishops of Embrun and Tarentaise, instructing them to inform the Chapter of the cathedral of Valence that Philippe de Savoie had voluntarily resigned the diocese of Valence.[40] They were ordered to take charge of the accounts of his heavily indebted administration, and within three months the diocesan electors were to choose someone who was worthy of being bishop.[41]

When the electors met, they chose to appoint a committee to choose the candidate: the dean of the Chapter, the provost of Bourg, and the abbot of S. Felix. They chose Guy de Montlaur, the dean of Le Puy, and the dean of Valence announced the name in the Chapter. But opposition arose from the Provost Roger de Clérieu and others, and they appealed to the pope. The majority and their candidate applied to the metropolitan in Vienne for confirmation, but, since the seat was vacant, the Chapter of Vienne took it upon themselves to ratify the election. This too was appealed to the pope. Clement IV spent some time in consultation with his cardinals, and eventually voided the election on 6 October 1268.[42] The Provost Roger de Clérieu appealed to Pope Clement to declare his acts void in accordance with the bull of 6 October 1268.[43] The pope died on 29 November 1268, setting off a papal election that lasted two years and nine months. Guy functioned as administrator, with the approval of Pope Clement, and his administratorship was continued by Pope Gregory X.[44] Having been refused its choice, the Chapter of Valence conducted another election and chose Archbishop Bertrand of Arles, but there was no pope in office to authorize his transfer.[45] Bishop-elect Guy de Montlaur was already dead by 30 September 1275, the day on which Pope Gregory X appointed Abbot Amadeus of Savigny to be bishop of Valence.[46]

Valence-et-Die

In a letter of 14 May 1239, to the archbishops of Vienne and Embrun, Pope Gregory IX broached the subject of uniting the two dioceses of Valence and Die, which were contiguous, only 42 km (26 mi) apart, but were also in two different ecclesiastical provinces. As had been reported to him, both the nobles and the general populace were repeatedly out of control, sometimes causing people to flee into exile. The two archbishops were ordered to inquire as to the necessity and feasibility of combining the dioceses in order to establish greater ecclesiastical control of their insolence.[47] Nothing came of the project, since Gregory became fully engaged in the consequences of the Emperor Frederick's gaining complete control of northern and central Italy; Gregory died on 22 August 1241.[48][49]

Pope Gregory X visited Valence on 13 September 1275, and stayed there for several days.[50] Two weeks later he was in Vienne, where, on 30 September 1275, he signed the bull "Valentiniensem et Diensem."[51] The bull repeated verbatim the complaints of Gregory IX's letter of 1239, and then ordered that the two dioceses be united permanently under one bishop. When a vacancy occurred, the canons of both cathedrals should meet together as one college, in alternate places, beginning with Valence. There was to be no change in canonries, prebends, or revenues. The metropolitan was to be the archbishop of Vienne.[52]

The schism

In the Great Western Schism (1378–1417), the Bishops of Valence-et-Die were all appointed by and were loyal to the popes of the Avignon Obedience.

The University of Valence was founded by the Dauphin Louis, by letters patent granted on 26 July 1452. The bishops of Valence were ex officio grand chancellors of the university.[53] Louis took care to enlist the support of the papacy, sending an ambassador who obtained a bull from Pope Pius II, dated 3 May 1459, for the canonical erection of a university at Valence.[54] There was a faculty of law, with four chairs; a faculty of theology, with two chairs; and a faculty of medicine, with two chairs, and then only one.[55]

The French Revolution

Pope Pius VI, who had been taken prisoner and deported from Italy by troops of the French Directory, was imprisoned in the fortress of Valence. Imprisonment was the idea of the directors of the département de Drôme.[56] On 22 July 1799, the Directorate of the French Republic ordered that the pope be brought to Dijon by way of Lyon,[57] but a doctor of Valence certified that the pope was ill, and that his departure had to be deferred. He was sufficiently recovered to participate in the ceremonies of the Feast of the Assumption (15 August), but the next day his health suddenly worsened.[58] After six weeks in Valence he died, on the morning of 29 August 1799, at the age of 81.[59] His body was buried in the chapel,[60] On 30 December 1799, a discussion was held in Paris by the Consuls of the French Republic, resulting in a decision to repudiate any responsibility and to order a public funeral. On 2 January 1800, the Minister of the Interior, Lucien Bonaparte, wrote to the administrators of the departement of Drôme, ordering a public funeral and a simple monument; the funeral took place on 30 January. On 2 December 1801, First Consul Bonaparte gave orders allowing the remains to given to Monsignor Giuseppe Spina, Archbishop of Corinth, to be taken to Rome from Valence "with decency but without pomp," in the words of Talleyrand. The pope's heart, however, was retained in Valence.[61]

On 29 November 1801, in the concordat of 1801 between the French Consulate, headed by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, and Pope Pius VII, the bishopric of Valence and all the other dioceses were suppressed. This removed all the contaminations and novelties introduced by the Constitutional Church.[62] The pope then recreated the French ecclesiastical order, respecting in most ways the changes introduced during the Revolution, including the reduction in the number of archdioceses and dioceses. In 1801, when the archdiocese of Vienne was suppressed, the archdiocese of Lyon became the metropolitan of the diocese of Valence.[63] The diocese of Saint-Paul-trois-châteaux (Tricastrensis), which had been a suffragan of the archdiocese of Arles, was also suppressed on 29 November 1801,[64] and its territory incorporated into the diocese of Valence.

Bishops

To 1000

  • Aemilianus (347–374)[65]
  • Sextius (374–?)
  • Maximus (I) (c. 417–419)[66]
  • Cariatho (attested 442)[67]
  • Apollinaris (attested 517)[68]
  • Gallus (attested 549)[69]
  • Maximus (II) (attested c. 567)[70]
  • Ragnoaldus (attested 581–585)[71]
  • Elephas (?)[72]
  • Agilulf (641–?)[73]
[Waldus (?–650)][74]
  • Ingildus (Angilde) (ca. 650–658)[75]
  • Abbo (Bobo) (c. 678)[76]
  • Salvius (I) (?)[77]
  • Antonius (I)[78]
  • Bonitus (ca. 788)[79]
  • Salvius II. (Carolingian)[80]
  • Luperosus (Lupicinus) (attested 804)[81]
  • Lambert I. (?–835)
  • Ado (835–842)
  • Dunctrannus (842–855)[82]
  • Eilard?–?
  • Brokhard?–?
  • Argimbert?–?
  • Agilde (?–858)
  • Ratbertus (Robert) (attested 858–879)[83]
  • Isaac (attested 886–899)[84]
  • Aimericus (?)[85]
  • Remegarius (before 909 – after 924)[86]
  • Odilbert (947–950)
  • Aimon (960–981)
  • Guigues (Guy) (994–997)
  • Lambert II. (997–1001)

1000 to 1300

  • Remegaire II. (1001–1016)
  • Guigues II. (1016–1025)
  • Humbert d´Albon (1028–1030)
  • Ponç Adhemar (1031–1056)
  • Odo I. (1058–1060)
  • Raiginari (1060–1063)
  • Gontard (1063–1100)
  • Henric I. (1100–1107)
  • Eustache (1107–1141)
  • Jean (I) (1141–1146)[87]
  • Bernard (1146–1154)
  • Odo II.de Crussol (1154–1183)
  • Lantelm (1183–1187)
  • Falco (1187–1200)
  • Humbert de Miribel (1200–1220)[88]
  • Gerald of Lausanne (1220–1225)[89]
  • Guillaume de Savoie Bishop-elect (1225–1239)[90]
Bonifatius of Savoy (1239–1242) Administrator[91]
  • Philip of Savoy Administrator (Procurator) (1242–1266)[92]
  • Guy (III) de Montlaur (1268–1275) Administrator[93]
[Bertrand de St. Martin (1268)][94]
(From 1276 to 1678 the diocese was united with the diocese of Dié)[95]
  • Amadeus de Roussillon (1275–1281)[96]
  • Philippe de Bernusson (1281–1282)[97]
    • Henri of Geneva (rejected by the Pope)[98]
  • Jean of Geneva, O.S.B.[99] (13 February 1283 – 1297)
  • Guillaume del Roussillon[100] (1297–1331)

1300 to 1500

  • Adhemar de la Voulte (1331–1336)[101]
  • Henri de Villars (1336–1342)[102]
  • Pierre de Chastelux (1342–1350)[103]
  • Godofred (1350–1354)
  • Louis de Villars (1354–1376)
  • Guillaume de la Voulte (1378–1383) Avignon Obedience[104]
  • Amadeus de Saluzzo (1383–1389) Administrator Avignon Obedience[105]
  • Henri (II) (1389–1390)[106]
  • Jean de Poitiers (1390–1448)
  • Louis of Poitiers (26 July 1447 – 26 April 1468)[107]
  • Gerard de Crussol (13 May 1468 – 28 August 1472)[108]
  • Jacques de Bathernay (1472–1474)[109]
  • Antoine de Balzac (1474–1491)[110]
  • Jean d'Épinay (16 November 1491 – 3 January 1503)[111]

1500 to 1800

  • Cardinal Francisco Lloris y de Borja (1503–1505) Administrator[112]
Urbain de Miolan (1505)[113]
  • Gaspard de Tournon (13 February 1505 – 1520)[114]
  • Cardinal Jean de Lorraine[115] (1520–1522)
  • Antoine Duprat (1522–1524)[116]
  • François-Guillaume de Castelnau de Clermont-Lodève (1523–1531)[117]
  • Antoine de Vesc (1531–1537)[118]
  • Jacques de Tournon (1537–1553)[119]
  • Jean de Montluc (1553–1579)[120]
  • Charles I. de Leberon (1579–1598)[121]
  • Pierre-André de Leberon (1598–1621)[122]
  • Charles de Leberon (1623–1654)[123]
  • Daniel de Cosnac (1654–1687)[124]
  • Guillaume Bochart de Champigny (1687–1705)[125]
  • Jean de Catellan (1705–1725)[126]
  • Alexandre de Milon (1725–1771)
  • Pierre-François de Grave (1772–1787)[127]
  • Gabriel-Melchior de Messey (1788–1801)[128]
  • Sede Vacante (1795–1801)
    • François Marbos (1791–1795)[129] (constitutional bishop)

From 1800

  • François Bécherel (1802– 25 Jun 1815 Died)[130]
  • Marie-Joseph-Antoine-Laurent de la Rivoire de La Tourette (8 Aug 1817 Appointed – 3 Apr 1840 Died)[131]
  • Pierre Chatrousse (26 May 1840 Appointed – 17 May 1857 Died)[132]
  • Jean-Paul-François-Marie-Félix Lyonnet (1857–1865)[133]
  • Nicolas-Edouard-François Gueullette (1865–1875)[134]
  • Charles-Pierre-François Cotton (16 Jan 1875 Appointed – 25 Sep 1905 Died)
  • Jean-Victor-Emile Chesnelong (21 Feb 1906 Appointed – 12 Jan 1912)[135]
  • Emmanuel-Marie-Joseph-Anthelme Martin de Gibergues (7 Feb 1912 Appointed – 28 Dec 1919 Died)
  • Désiré-Marie-Joseph-Antelne-Martin Paget (22 Apr 1920 Appointed – 11 Jan 1932 Died)
  • Camille Pic (16 Aug 1932 Appointed – 25 Nov 1951 Died)
  • Joseph-Martin Urtasun (10 Aug 1952 Appointed – 17 Sep 1955)[136]
  • Charles-Marie-Paul Vignancour (18 Dec 1957 Appointed – 6 Mar 1966)[137]
  • Jean-Barthélemy-Marie de Cambourg (6 Mar 1966 Appointed – 1 Dec 1977 Resigned)
  • Didier-Léon Marchand (8 Sep 1978 Appointed – 11 Dec 2001 Retired)
  • Jean-Christophe Lagleize (11 Dec 2001 Appointed – 24 June 2014)
  • Pierre-Yves Michel (4 Apr 2014 Appointed – 6 April 2023)
  • François Durand (5 Jan 2024–)

See also

  • Ancient Diocese of Die

Books and articles

Reference books

Studies

Canonical status and jurisdiction

Roman Catholic Diocese of Valence (-Die-Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux) is a diocese of the catholic church of the Catholic Church.[138]

From the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia

Diocese of Valence, Diocese of (Valentinensis), comprises the present Department of Drome. It was re-established by the Concordat of 1802, being formed of the ancient Diocese of Valence, less the portion comprised in the new Diocese of Viviers, and of various portions of the Diocese of Die, Saint Paul-Trois-Châteaux, Vienne (see Archdiocese of Lyons), Orange, Vaison, Gap, Sisteron (see Diocese of Digne). From 1802 to 1821 Valence was a suffragan of Lyons; since 1821 it has been dependent on Avignon.

Ancient Diocese of Valence

A tradition of the early sixth century attributes the establishment of Christianity at Valentia to the three missionaries sent from Lyons by St. Irenaeus; the priest St. Felix and the deacons Sts. Achilles and Fortunatus, all martyrs. The "Chronicles of the Bishops of Valence", probably compiled about the middle of the twelfth century, gives only confused information with regard to bishops prior to the ninth century. The first historically known bishop was St. AEmilianus (second half of the fourth century), who signed at the Council of Valence in 374. St. Sextus, martyred during the invasion of Chrocus, was erroneously introduced into the list of bishops by the Carthusian Polycarpe de la Riviere. In 450 Pope St. Leo made Valentia a suffragan of Vienne. St. Apollinaris, brother of St. Avitus, occupied the see for thirty-four years during the first half of the sixth century, and after the conversion of Sigismund, King of Burgundy, was exiled by the latter; he is the patron of the diocesan cathedral. Other bishops were: Maximus II (567), during whose episcopate the city was delivered from besieging Lombards by the prayers of St. Galla, a virgin of Bourg-les-Valence; Gontard (1082), who received Urban II at Valence, 1095; St. John I (1141–6), formerly a Cistercian Abbot of Bonnevaux, disciple of St. Peter of Tarentaise; Bl. Humbert de Miribel (1200–20); Gérold (1220–27), formerly Abbot of Cluny, later Patriarch of Jerusalem; St. Boniface of Savoy (1240–42), later Archbishop of Canterbury; Amadeus II, Cardinal of Saluces (1383–89); John VI, Cardinal of Lorraine (1521); Francois-Guillaume de Castclnau, Cardinal of Clermont-Lodève (1524–31); Jean de Montluc, brother of the historian Blaise, who assisted in the nomination of the Duke of Anjou as King of Poland (1553–79), and was suspected of Protestant tendencies. During the Middle Ages Valence recognized only the sovereignty of the emperor, as King of Burgundy and Arles; under him the bishops exercised real dominion. The neighbouring territories bore the title of Countship and Duchy of Valentinois. In 950 Gontard, of the house of the counts of Poitiers, made himself master of the Countship of Valentinois, which passed to the Duke of Savoy in 1419, and to the Dauphin Louis, son of Charles VII, in 1446, becoming united to the Crown of France. In 1498 Louis XII made Valentinois a ducal peerage which he gave to Caesar Borgia.

Diocese of St-Paul-Trois-Châteaux

According to a legend of the fifteenth century, St. Restitutus, first Bishop of St-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, was the man born blind, mentioned in the Gospel. Local traditions also make Sts. Eusebuis, Torquatus, Paulus, Amantius, Sulpicius, Bonifatius, Castorinus, and Michael early bishops of St-Paul-Trois-Châteaux. Mgr. Duchesne regards St. Paulus (fourth or sixth century), patron of the city, as the only known bishop. Owing to Saracen ravages (827–29) the Church of St-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, by Decree of Gregory IV, was united with the Church of Orange until the end of the eleventh century, when the Diocese of Orange was re-established. The Diocese of St-Paul-Trois-Châteaux was always dependent on Arles. Among its bishops were Heraclius (525–42), correspondent of St. Avitus; Saint Martin des Ormeaux (seventh century), who became a solitary.

Diocese of Die

The Carthusian Polycarpe de la Riviere gives St. Martinus (220) as first Bishop of Die. The oldest historically known bishop is St. Nicasius, who attended the Council of Nicaea in 325. After him are mentioned: St. Petronius, followed by his brother St. Marcellus (c. 463), confessor and miracle-worker; Lucretius (541–73), to whom St. Ferreolus of Uzes dedicated his monastic rule. For various reasons Abbé Jules Chevalier omits from the episcopal list: St. Maximus (sixth century); Wulphinus (end of eighth century); Exuperius and Saturninus (ninth century). Other bishops were: Hugh (1073–83), consecrated at Rome by Gregory VII, became a legate of the latter, presided over numerous councils for the reform of the Church, and subsequently became Bishop of Lyons; St. Ismido (1098–1115) of the noble house of Sassenage; Bl. Uric (1129–42), who opposed the Petrobrusian heresy in his diocese and became a Carthusian; Bl. Bernard (1173–76); St. Stephen (1203–8), formerly a Carthusian at the monastery of Portes; Bl. Didier (Desiderius) de Lans (1213–20). After the eleventh century the Diocese of Die, long disputed between the metropolitans of Vienne and Arles, became dependent on Vienne. By Bull of 25 September, 1275, in order to strengthen the Church of Valence in its struggle with the House of Poitiers, Gregory X united the Diocese of Die with that of Valence. This union, which lasted four centuries, was unfortunate for Die. It was annulled in 1687 by Louis XIV, who, to combat Protestantism, appointed a Bishop of Die.

Councils were held at Valence in: 374, at which measures were taken for ecclesiastical discipline; 530, against Pelagianism; 585, King Gontran's donations to the Church were confirmed; 855, against Gottschalk's heresy; 890, Louis, son of Boson, was proclaimed King of Provence; 1100, the Bishop of Autun was suspended as a simoniac; 1209, dealt with the conditions on which the Count of Toulouse should be admitted to absolution. A so-called Council of Valence, held at Montelimar (1248), anathematized Emperor Frederick II and organized the Inquisition in Southern France. The Benedictine Abbey of Notre-Dame-d'Aiguebelle, which was founded in 1045 through Hughues Adhemar, Baron de Grignan, and visited by Paschal II in 1107, subsequently fell to decay. In 1137 the Cistercians of Morimond were summoned by Gontard Dupuy, Lord of Rochefort, to found a new abbey in the neighbourhood of the first. From the end of the fifteenth century it belonged to commendatory abbots. Since 1816, when Pierre-Francois de Paul Malmy (Pere Etienne), a Trappist, secured possession of it, there has been a Trappist congregation at the Abbey d'Aiguebelle. The Canons Regular of St. Rufus, founded at Avignon in 1039, opened at Valence in 1158 a house which became their mother house in 1210, were secularized in 1774. Among the canons were: Anastasius IV, Adrian IV, and Julius II.

Among the saints of the diocese were: May (Marius), Abbot of Bodon (d. 550); Barnard (778–842), Archbishop of Vienne, who became a solitary at Romans, where he founded a large Benedictine monastery and built a church which still stands; Hugh (1053–1132), formerly a canon of Valence and Bishop of Grenoble, one of the founders of the Carthusians; Hugh, Abbot of Lioncel, nephew of the preceding (twelfth century), Blessed Bertrand of Garrigue, companion of Saint Dominic, died at Bouchet in the Diocese of St-Paul-Trois-Châteaux during a mission (1230); Blessed Humbert of Romans, general of the Dominicans, author of ascetical writings, died at the convent of Valence (1277). Adhémar de Monteil, a native of Grignan, Bishop of Le Puy, was accompanied on the First Crusade by Bernard of Valence, first patriarch of Antioch in the new Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, and by Raymond des Agiles, a native of St-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, one of the historians of the crusade. Marie Teyssonnier, called Marie de Valence (1576–1648), had such a reputation for piety that Cardinal de Berulle, St. Francis de Sales, Olier, Father Cotton, and Louis XIII visited her. Christophe d'Authier de Sigaud (1609–67), founder in 1632 of the Congregation of Missionary Priests of the Blessed Sacrament, founded the seminary in 1639.

Two women warriors played an important part in the history of this region: Marguérite de Laye triumphantly led the inhabitants of Montélimar against the Calvinist troops of Coligny; Philis de la Tour du Pin la Charce in 1696 successfully led the inhabitants of Lyons and the neighbouring communes against the invasion of the Duke of Savoy. Madame de Sevigne, the famous writer of letters, died in 1696 in the Chateau de Grignan which belonged to her son-in-law. At Romans Gambretta delivered a famous discourse (18 Sept., 1878) in which he outlined the whole anti-clerical policy of the Third Republic. In the cathedral of Valence a Requiem Mass is sung yearly on 29 August, for the soul of Pius VI, who died at Valence, 29 August, 1799, during his confinement in the citadel. The chief pilgrimages of the diocese are: Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Combe at St-Germain d'Hauterives, dating from the twelfth century; Notre-Dame-de Chatenay at Lens-Lestang; Notre-Dame-de Consolation at Arpavon; Notre-Dame-de-Mont-Carmel at Chateauneuf-de-Mazenc; Notre-Dame-la Blanche at Mollans.

Before the application of the Associations Law of 1901 there were at Valence: Assumptionists, Capuchins, Marists, Lazarists, Carmelites, and Redemptorists, Oblates of St. Francis de Sales, and various orders of teaching Brothers.

Several orders of women are native to the diocese: Trinitarians, nursing and teaching sisters, established at Valence since 1695; Sisters of the Most Blessed Sacrament, hospital and teaching sisters, founded by Father Vigne, a convert, with mother-house at Romans, 1715; the teaching Sisters of St. Martha, founded in 1815 by Mlle du Vivier with mother-house at Romans; Sisters of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, founded by Baroness de Mont-Rond and Abbé Née in 1851 for the supervision of work-rooms and studios, with mother-house at Recoubeau. At the end of the nineteenth century the religious orders had in the Diocese of Valence: 28 infant schools, 1 institution for deaf-mutes, 1 infirmary for dependent children, 1 orphanage for boys, 15 orphanages for girls, 3 industrial schools, 1 protective society, 3 reformatories, 12 houses of religious for the care of the sick in their homes, 1 asylum for idiots and epileptics, 10 hospitals. In 1905 the diocese had: 297,321 inhabitants, 37 parishes, 314 succursals, 68 vicariates. The present bishop, Mgr. Jean-Victor-Emile Chesnelong, b. at Orthez, 6 April, 1856, studied at Saint-Sulpice, was ordained at Paris, 1879, and consecrated by Pius X at Rome, 25 Feb., 1906.

Gallia christiana (nova), I (1715), 703–36, instr., 119–129; nova, XVI (1865), 289–344, instr., 101–42, 185–218; ALBANES, Gallia christiana (novissima), St-Paul-Trois-Châteaux (Montbeliard, 1909); ULYSSE CHEVALIER, Notice chronologico-historique sur les évêques de Valence (Valence, 1857); IDEM, Quarante années de l'histoire des évêques de Valence au moyen-age (Paris, 1869); PERRIER, Histoire des évêques de Valence (Monaco, 1887); NADAL, Histoire hagiologique du diocese de Valence (Valence, 1855); IDEM, Histoire des séminaires du diocese de Valence (Valence, 1895); JULES CHEVALIER, Essai historique sur l'eglise et la ville de Die (Valence, 1888–1909).

Georges Goyau.

University of Valence, erected 26 July, 1452, by letters patent from the Dauphin Louis, afterwards Louis XI, who was very fond of Valence. Pius II approved its erection in the Bull of 3 May, 1459. In February, 1541, the Canon Pierre Morel opened a college for thirteen poor students. In the sixteenth century Valence was famous for its teaching of law, entrusted to Italian professors or to those who had studied in Italy. The Portuguese jurist, Govea, taught at Valence, 1554–55; the French jurist, Cujas (1522–90), from December 1557 to 1559; and Francois Hotman from the end of 1562 until August 1568. It was at the instigation of Hotman that Bishop Montluc obtained from Charles IX the Edict of 8 April, 1565, which united the Universities of Grenoble and Valence. Cujas again filled a chair at Valence, August, 1567–75; he had among his auditors the learned Scaliger, the historian Jacques-Auguste de Thou, the jurist Pithou. The university was a centre of Protestant tendencies. Hotman was a determined Protestant; Cujas passed from Protestantism to Catholicism, but it is doubtful if his conversion was inspired entirely from religious motives. In view of these new tendencies the theological teaching was inadequate, and consequently in 1575 Montluc founded at Valence a college of Jesuits, but this was of short duration. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the University of Valence was of only minor importance. From 1738 to 1764 its transfer to Grenoble was contemplated but this project was abandoned. It disappeared during the Revolution.

Fournier, Statutsa et privileges des universités de France, III (Paris, 1892), 361–412; Nadal, Histoire de l'université de Valence (Valence, 1861).

Georges Goyau.

References

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  25. Back to citation François Mugnier, Les Savoyards en Angleterre..., p. 27.
  26. Back to citation Jules Chevalier, Quarante années..., pp. 41–42. Boniface was not consecrated a bishop until 15 January 1246.
  27. Back to citation François Mugnier, Les Savoyards en Angleterre..., p. 43.
  28. Back to citation Ulysse Chevalier, Regeste dauphinois..., Volume 2, pp. 367–368, no. 7961.
  29. Back to citation Hauréau, Gallia christiana XVI, p. 314: "Non tamen, ut videtur, revera Philippus secundum canonicum morem fuerat electus; nam anno 1244 simpliciter se procuratorem ejusdem ecclesiae ferens..."
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  31. Back to citation Jules Chevalier, Quarante années..., p. 60, citing Matthew of Paris, Vol. VI, p. 414 (ed. Louard)" "Item Philippus electus Lugdunensis per multa viarum discrimina et hostium pericula et insidias dominum papam Innocentium IV a facie Fretherici fugientem duxit salvo Lugdunum, et ibi dum concilium celebraretur immo dum papa ibi moram continuaret, pacem inviolatam prudenter servavit."
  32. Back to citation Jules Chevalier, Quarante années..., pp. 61–62, citing (in note 3) Matthew of Paris, Vol. IV, p. 429: "Cito quoque post, archiepiscopus Lugdunensis, vir sine querela et pacificus et jam vergens in ætatem senilem et valetudinariam, omnia in manu papæ resignavit."
  33. Back to citation Jules Chevalier, Quarante années..., p. 62, citing (in note 3) Matthew of Paris, Vol. IV, pp. 425–426: "Electus Valentiæ ipsis diebus ad archiepiscopatus Lugdunensis promotus est possessionem, priore cedente ob causas dicendas. Qui tantam a domino papa meruit obtinere dispensationem ut archiepiscopatus retenta cum suis commodis potestate episcopatus Valentini proventus perciperet uberrimorum reddituum, quos in Anglia et Flandria possederat, quod plus, ut videbatur, ob causas sæculares fiebat quam spirituales, libere ac licenter asportaret, et præposituram Brugensem obtinebat."
  34. Back to citation M.-C. Guigue, Cartulaire Lyonnais: Documents inédits pour servir à l'histoire des anciennes provinces de Lyonnais, Forez, Beaujolais, Dombes, Bresse et Bugey comprises jadis dans le Pagus major Lugdunensis, (in French and Latin), Volume 1 (Lyon: Association typographique 1885, p. 509.
  35. Back to citation Ulysse Chevalier, Regeste dauphinois..., Volume 2, p. 426, no. 8287.
  36. Back to citation Jules Chevalier, Quarante années..., p. 77. Ulysse Chevalier, Regeste dauphinois..., Volume 2, p. 463, no. 8493. J.-D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, (in Latin), Vol. 23 (Venice: A. Zatta 1779), pp. 769–778.
  37. Back to citation Jules Chevalier, Quarante années..., p. 81
  38. Back to citation J.N.D. Kelly and M.J. Walsh, Oxford Dictionary of Popes, second edition (OUP 2010), pp. 197–198. Guy Foucois was papal legate to England when he was elected in absentia on 5 February 1265.
  39. Back to citation Chevalier, Quarante années..., pp. 103–104: "...hactenus dinoscitur processisse quod sedes apostolica necessitatem ecclesie Valentinensis, que guerrarum incursibus vexabatur et hostium, necnon gravium premebatur onere debitorum, non sine amaritudine cordis attendens ac super hoc volens et congruis remediis subvenire...."
  40. Back to citation The intermediary between Philippe and the pope was Cardinal Henri de Suse, former archbishop of Embrun. Chevalier, p. 99, note 2.
  41. Back to citation The text of the letter is quoted by the two archbishops in their report to the pope: Chevalier, p. 103.
  42. Back to citation Ulysse Chevalier, Regeste dauphinois..., Volume 2, p. 802, no. 10682.
  43. Back to citation Ulysse Chevalier, Regeste dauphinois..., Volume 2, p. 802, no. 10683.
  44. Back to citation Eubel I, p. 513 with notes 4 and 5. Jean Guiraud, Les registres de Grégoire X (Paris: Thorin 1892), p. 15, no. 49 (6 August 1272).
  45. Back to citation C.U.J Chevalier, Notice chronologico-historique sur les Evêques de Valence, (in French), (Valence: Jules Céas 1867), p. 9. Bertrand is not included in Eubel's catalogue.
  46. Back to citation Chevalier, Regeste dauphinois..., Volume 2, p. 927, no. 111461. Guiraud, Les registres de Grégoire X, p. 270, no. 631: "Vacante siquidem eadem ecclesia Valentina per mortem bone memorie Guidonis, ecclesie ipsius electi...."
  47. Back to citation Chevalier, Regeste dauphinois, Vol 2 (1913), p. 321, no. 7708. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XVI, "Instrumenta," pp. 116–117: "Cum igitur, sicut nostro fuit apostolatui relatu, Valentinensis et Diensis ecclesiarum nobilium, et populorum subjectorum sibi, malitia adeo ebullierit, ut non erubuerint insurgere in parentes, in patris videlicet multotiens exsilium, quasi geminata rabie, diversis temporibus, et in matris excidium multiplex operata, alias easdem ecclesias tot afflictionum generibus affligendo quae longums est per singula recenseri...."
  48. Back to citation These are the causes put forth by Gregory X in 1275: "Licet igitur eodem praedecessore morte praevento, et propter alios incidentes eventus, ad id non fuerit ipsius auctoritate processum...."
  49. Back to citation Chevalier, Regeste dauphinois, Vol 2 (1913), p. 927, no. 11456.
  50. Back to citation Jules Chevalier, Essai historique sur l'église et la ville de Die (in French) (Montélimar: Bourron 1888), p. 402. August Potthast, Regesta pontificum Romanorum (in Latin) (Berlin: R. De Decker 1875), p. 1699.
  51. Back to citation Hauréau, Gallia christiana XVI, "Instrumenta," pp. 120–122, no. xx.
  52. Back to citation Chevalier, Essai historique sur l'église et la ville de Die, provides a French translation of the entire bull.
  53. Back to citation U. Chevalier, Histoire de l'Université de Valence, pp. 13, 23–24.
  54. Back to citation U. Chevalier, Histoire de l'Université de Valence, p. 26.
  55. Back to citation V. de Gourges, Dictionnaire topographique du Département de la Dordogne (in French), (Paris: Imprimérie nationale 1873), p. 404.
  56. Back to citation Pietro Baldassari, Histoire de l'enlèvement et de la captivité de Pie VI, (in French), (Paris: V. Lecoffre, 1839), pp. 524–546. Baldassari was an eyewitness throughout.
  57. Back to citation Baldassari, pp. 610–611.
  58. Back to citation Baldassari, p. 531.
  59. Back to citation Baldassari, p. 545.
  60. Back to citation Baldassari, pp. 550, 615–617.
  61. Back to citation Pietro Baldassari (1843). Relazione delle avversità e patimenti del glorioso Papa Pio VI, negli ultimi tre anni del suo pontificato (in Italian). Vol. Tomo IV. Modena: dalla reale tip. degli Eredi Soliani. pp. 284–292. Alexis Francois Artaud de Montor (1911). The Lives and Times of the Popes. New York: Catholic Publication Society of America. pp. 304–312.
  62. Back to citation J.B. Duvergier (ed.), Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglemens et avis du Conseil d'état, (in French and Latin), Volume 13 (Paris: A. Guyot et Scribe, 1826), pp. 372–373: "L'archevêché de Vienne dans le ci-devant Dauphiné et ses suffragans, les évèchés de Grenoble, Viviers, Valence, Die, Maurienne et Genève;" p. 387.
  63. Back to citation Duvergier (ed.), Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglemens et avis du Conseil d'état,, Volume 13, p. 374: "Ecclesiam archiepiscopalem Lugdunensem, et ecclesias episcopales Mimatensem, Gratianopolitanam, Valentinensem, et Camberiensem, quas ei in suffraganeas assignamus."
  64. Back to citation Ritzler and Sefrin VI, p. 415, note 1.
  65. Back to citation Duchesne, p. 222, pointing out the geographical problems associated with Aemilianus' activity. Duchesne also remarks that Aemilianus cannot be called the first Bishop of Valence, just the first bishop of whom we have information. Chevalier, Notice chronologique, p. 2.
  66. Back to citation Maximus received a letter from Pope Boniface I, dated 13 June 419. He was accused of murder, and ordered by the pope to appear before a provincial council to stand trial. The contents of the letter imply that he was already bishop in 417. Duchesne, p. 223, no. 2. Chevalier, Notice chronologique, p. 2.
  67. Back to citation Bishop Cariatho was represented at the council of Vaison on 13 November 442 by his archdeacon: "Ex prouincia Vienss de ciuit. Valentina pro Cariattone episcopo Galatheus archyd." Duchesne, p. 223, no. 3. Charles Munier, Concilia Galliae A. 314 – A. 506 (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 102.
  68. Back to citation Apollinaris was the brother of Bishop Avitus of Vienne, who consecrated him: Danuta Shanzer; Ian Wood (2002). Avitus of Vienne. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. vii, 3–9, 243–258. ISBN 978-0-85323-588-0. He took part in the council of Epaona in September 517 ("Apollenaris episcopus ciuitatis Valentine relegi et subscripsi"), and in the council of Lyon (c. 518–523). His "Life" states that he was bishop for 34 years. Duchesne, p. 223, no. 4. Charles de Clercq, Concilia Galliae A. 511 – A. 695 (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), pp. 35, 40.
  69. Back to citation Bishop Gallus took part in the council of Orleans in October 549. Duchesne, p. 223, no. 5. Charles de Clercq, Concilia Galliae A. 511 – A. 695, p. 159.
  70. Back to citation Bishop Maximus was represented at the council of Lyon, which met at some point between 567 and 569. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XVI, p. 294. De Clercq, Concilia Galliae A. 511 – A. 695, p. 203 ("Astemius diaconus directus a domino meo Maximo episcopo ecclesiae Valentine subscripsi").
  71. Back to citation Bishop Ragnoaldus attended the council of Mâcon on 1 November 581 (or 583); the council of Lyon in May 583; the council of Valence on 22 June 583 (or 585); and the council of Mâcon in May 585. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XVI, p. 294. De Clercq, Concilia Galliae A. 511 – A. 695, p. 229 ("Rignoaldus episcopus Valentinensis suscripsi"); 233 ("Ragnoaldus in Christi nomine episcopus ecclesiae Valentinae subscripsi"); 236; 248.
  72. Back to citation Elephas is only a name in the catalog of bishops of Valence (DUchesne, p. 217). He is without references, and arbitrarily situated: Duchesne, p. 223, note 4: "Ici, le G[allia] C[hristiana] insère Elephas et Salvius, qui manquent de références; ces noms se trouvent pourtant dans la Chronique, mais évidemment hors de place.
  73. Back to citation Agilulf: Chevalier, Notice chronologique, p. 3. Duchesne, p. 223, no. 8.
  74. Back to citation Waldus does not appear in the catalog of bishops of Valence (Duchesne, pp. 216–217), and Duchesne (p. 223) does not include Waldus in his list of bishops. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XVI, p. 296, also rejects Waldus as bishop of Valence, remarking: "quemdam sane Waldum, sub ea circiter tempora, in Valentina nonnulli cathedra collocant. Sed de hoc Waldo ceteri litigant, eum vel ante vel post Carolum Magnum ponendo, et hic forsan non alius est ac Wualdus ille, aliter Wulfadus, qui, anno circiter 977, ex abbate S. Theofredi Diensis episcopus factus est."
  75. Back to citation Ingildus took part in the Council of Chalon-sur-Saône in 650. Chevalier, Notice chronologique, p. 4. Hefele, IV, pp. 463–465. Duchesne, p. 223, no. 9. De Clercq, Concilia Galliae A. 511 – A. 695, p. 308: "Insildus episcopus ecclesie Valenciacensis subscripsi."
  76. Back to citation Duchesne, p. 224, no. 10.
  77. Back to citation Duchesne, p. 223, note 4: "Ici, le G[allia] C[hristiana] insère Elephas et Salvius, qui manquent de références; ces noms se trouvent pourtant dans la Chronique, mais évidemment hors de place.
  78. Back to citation Duchesne, p. 224, puts Salvius, Antonius, ANtoninus, and Elephas after Bono in the list, but remarks that the placement is arbitrary: "Il convient de nommer ici, mais sans prétendre que ce soit leur place, les évêques Saluius, Antonius, Antoninus, Elephas, énumérés dans la première partie du catalogue."
  79. Back to citation Bishop Bonitus attended the Council of Narbonne in 788 (or 791). Gallia christiana XVI, p. 296. Hefele, Histoire III.2, pp. 1024–1027. J.-D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio Tomus XIII (Florence 1767), p. 823 (in Latin).
  80. Back to citation Dubious, according to Gallia christiana XVI, p. 296, depending on an unlikely emendation of a text, which says that he was coming from Aquitaine to the Imperial Treasury when he was martyred (maybe at Valence).
  81. Back to citation Luperosus was present at an assembly summoned by Charlemagne in 804, at which Pope Leo III was in attendance. This is the only surviving reference to Luperosus. Chevalier Notice chronologique, p. 4. Catellan, p. 360. Gallia christiana XVI, p. 296.
  82. Back to citation Dunctrannus: On 8–9 January 855, a regional council was held at Valence, presided over by Archbishop Remigius of Lyon; the subscription list is damaged and the name of the bishop of Valence is no longer extant. Jacques Sirmond, Concilia antiquae Galliae (in Latin), Volume 3 (Paris: Sebastian Cramoisy 1629), p. 107. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XVI, p. 297. Duchesne, pp. 224–225, no. 24.
  83. Back to citation Bishop Rathbertus subscribed a grant made by Bishop Jonaas of Autun to the monastery of Ss. Geminorum on 20 May 858. BIshop Radbertus was present at the Synod of Mantaille on 15 October 879, at which Boso of Provence was elected king of Provence. Gallia Christiana IV (Paris: Typographia regia, 1728), "Instrumenta" p. 51, no. 12. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XVI, p. 298. Duchesne, p. 225, no. 25. C.U.J. Chevalier, p. 5.
  84. Back to citation On 18 May 886, Bishop Isaac subscribed the canons of the council of Chalon-sur-Saône. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XVI, p. 298. On 28 January 899, he participated in the consecration of Archbishop Raginfred of Vienne. Duchesne, p. 225, no. 26.
  85. Back to citation Only his name is known. Duchesne, p. 225, no. 27.
  86. Back to citation Gallia christiana XVI, pp. 298–299.
  87. Back to citation Bishop Jean died on 5 February 1146. Ulysse Cevalier, Regeste dauphinois, (in French), p. 630, no. 3754.
  88. Back to citation Humbert had been Prior of the Chartreuse of Silve-Bénite. He was confirmed in his regalian rights by the German King Philip of Swabia on 26 January 1205. Chevalier, Notice, p. 8. Castellan, pp. 319–322.
  89. Back to citation Gerard had been Abbot of Cluny. In 1225, before 10 May, he was appointed Patriarch of Jerusalem. Eubel I, pp. 275, 512–513.
  90. Back to citation Guillaume was a deacon of the diocese of Vienne. He was appointed bishop of Valence by Pope Honorius III on 9 October 1225. On 28 June 1238, Guillaume was elected Bishop of Liège by some of the Canons, but there was litigation; Pope Gregory IX ruled on 4 June 1239, that he could have Liège once he was consecrated a bishop. He was ordered to come to Rome, where he obtained his bulls, and also a privilege, that one of his brothers should be bishop-elect in Valence in his place ("Chronicle of Albericus, monk of Trois-Fontaines," in Monumenta Germaniae Historica Vol. 23, p. 944). But he died during his return to France, possibly poisoned, on 3 October 1239. Jules Chevalier, Quarante années..., pp. 38–40. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XVI, pp. 312–314; III, pp. 885–886. C.U.J. Chevalier (1867), Notice chronologico-historique sur les Evêques de Valence, pp. 8–9. Eubel I, pp. 301, 513.
  91. Back to citation Brother of Bishop-elect Guillaume, seventh son of Thomas, Count of Savoy. He was already bishop-elect of Bellay when he became Administrator of Valence as well. He was elected Archbishop of Canterbury on 1 February 1241. Jules Chevalier, Quarante années..., pp. 41–43: "...l'élection de Boniface de Savoie au siège de Valence est un fait plus que douteux, et jusqu'à ce qu'une plus grande lumière soit faite sur ce point, nous n'hésitons pas à rayer le nom de Boniface du catalogue des pasteurs de notre Eglise". Boniface was consecrated a bishop in Lyon by Pope Innocent IV in 1245, according to Matthew of Paris (IV, p. 425 ed. Luard). C.U.J. Chevalier (1867), Notice chronologico-historique sur les Evêques de Valence, p. 9.
  92. Back to citation Brother of Bishop-elect Guillaume, and Bishop Boniface of Savoy, Philippe was never consecrated, and resigned. He subsequently married. Chevalier, p. 9.
  93. Back to citation Guy de Montlaur was elected by the Dean of the Cathedral and two abbots, those of Saint-Felix and Bourg-lez-Valence, but Pope Clement IV quashed the irregular election on 6 October 1268. The pope allowed him to serve as Administrator, a position which was approved by Pope Gregory X. Gallia christiana XVI, p. 316.Chevalier, p. 9. Eubel, p. 513, note 4.
  94. Back to citation Bertrand was elected by the Canons of the Cathedral after the rejection of Guy de Montlaur; he was already Bishop of Arles (not Avignon), and was never transferred to Valence. Gallia christiana XVI, pp. 315–316.
  95. Back to citation Gallia christiana XVI, Instrumenta pp. 120–122 (Gregory X, 25 September 1275). Bishop Amadeus of Geneva, Bishop of Die, had died on 22 January 1276, putting the union into effect.
  96. Back to citation Amadeus was the son of Artaud of Rousillon, and the brother of Aymar, the Archbishop of Lyon (1273–1283). Amadeus had been Abbot of Savignac in the diocese of Lyon when he was appointed bishop of Valence by Pope Gregory X on 30 September 1275. He died in Die of a tertian fever on 17 September 1281. Chevalier, Jules (1890). Amédée de Roussillon, Évêque de Valence Et de Die, 1276–1281. Étude Historique (in French).
  97. Back to citation Known only from a reference in a document of Bishop Guillaume de Rousillon: Chevalier, Notice chronologique, p. 10. Ulysse Chevalier (1868). Documents inédits relatifs au Dauphiné: Les Cartulaires de lʹéglise et de la ville de Die, le nécrologe de Saint-Robert-de-Cornillon, un hagiologe et deux chroniques de Vienne, une chronique des Évêques de Valence, le cartulaire dauphinois de l'Abbaye de St.-Chaffre, les pouillés des diocèses de Vienne, Valence, Die et Grenoble, édité par les soins de M. l'Abbé C.-U.-J. Chevalier (in French and Latin). Grenoble: Imprimerie de Prudhomme. p. 133.
  98. Back to citation Eubel, I, p. 513, note 7.
  99. Back to citation Abbot of S. Secanus
  100. Back to citation Guillaume del Roussillon was nephew (on his father's side) of Bishop Amadeus of Roussillon as well as nephew (on his mother's side) of the Dauphin Humbertus I. Chevalier, Documents inédits relatifs au Dauphiné (1868), p. 137.
  101. Back to citation Ademar had been Bishop of Viviers when elected to Valence; after five years at Valence, he exchanged Valence with Bishop Henri de Villars, his successor at Viviers. Chevalier, Notice, pp. 10–11.
  102. Back to citation Formerly Bishop of Viviers (1331–1336). Eubel, I, p. 533.
  103. Back to citation Pierre de Chastelux had been appointed Abbot of Cluny by Pope John XXII in 1322. Prosper Lorain (1845). Histoire de l'Abbaye de Cluny, depuis sa fondation jusqu'à la destruction à l'époque de la Révolution Française: avec pièces justificatives, contenant de nombreux fragments de la correspondance de Pierre-Le-Vénérable et de Saint Bernard (in French) (2nd ed.). Paris: Sagnier et Bray. pp. 201–205.
  104. Back to citation Guillaume de la Voulte had been Archbishop of Marseille from 9 December 1368: Eubel, I, p. 330. He had been in Rome with Pope Gregory XI (Pierre Roger de Beaufort), and had participated in the Conclave of April 1378 as one of the Custodians of the Conclave. Shortly after the election of Urban VI on 9 April 1378, he appointed Guillaume to Valence-et-Die (April 28). But when Clement VII was elected on 20 September 1378, Guillaume resigned the See, and was appointed Bishop of Valence-et-Die by Clement VII on 1 June 1379. Clearly he had repudiated Urban VI's election. Gallia christiana XVI, pp. 326–327.
  105. Back to citation Amadeus was the nephew of Pope Clement VII. He had been archdeacon of Lyon, and held the licenciate in civil and canon law. He was appointed a cardinal by Clement VII on 23 December 1383. He was never consecrated a bishop. He died on 28 June 1419. Chevalier, Notice chronologique, p. 11. Eubel I, pp. 27, no. 13; 513.
  106. Back to citation Henri had been bishop of Constanz. He was appointed to Valence, where he appears on 17 October 1389. His successor was appointed on 7 September 1390. Chevalier, Notice chronologique, p. 11.
  107. Back to citation Eubel, II, p. 262.
  108. Back to citation Gerard de Crussol had been Bishop of Tours, from 9 June 1466: Eubel, II, p. 258. In 1468 he also became Abbot-General of the Order of S. Ruf: Gallia christiana XIV, p. 130. He was appointed Patriarch of Antioch on 4 December 1471: Eubel, II, p. 89.
  109. Back to citation Bathernay may have died of the plague. Jules Chevalier, "Mémoirs pour servir à l'histoire des comtés de Valentinois et de Diois," Société d'archéologie et de statistique de la Drôme, Valence (1902). Bulletin d'archéologie et de statistique de la Drôme (in French). Vol. 36. pp. 10–11.
  110. Back to citation On 30 November 1374, King Louis XI granted the Cathedral Chapter permission to proceed to the election of a bishop, and to cast their ballots for Antoine de Balzac, Abbot of Sainte-Marie de Gimont in the diocese of Auch. Chevalier, "Mémoirs", p. 11.
  111. Back to citation Eubel, II, p. 262.
  112. Back to citation Eubel, III, p. 326, note 2. Gallia christiana XVI, p. 331, certainly rejects the idea that he was Bishop of Valence. He never visited Valence, he was never enthroned. There is no positive evidence that he was ever consecrated a bishop. He was present in Rome for the Conclave of 16–22 September 1503, and for the Conclave of 31 October–1 November 1503. He died on 22 July 1506.
  113. Back to citation Urbain was elected at Romans by several Canons on 27 January 1505, was approved by the Vicar-General of Vienne, and took possession on 17 February, but he did not have the approval of the King of France, Louis XII, and was forced to yield. Chevalier, Notice, pp. 12–13.
  114. Back to citation Eubel, II, p. 262; III, p. 326.
  115. Back to citation Jean de Lorraine was only twenty years old when appointed. Under the terms of the Concordat of Bologna of 1516, the King of France had the right to nominate all French bishops except three. Jean received papal approval from Leo X (Medici) on 21 April 1521, though he had to grant a pension of 1,500 ducats a year to Cardinal Giulio de' Medici out of his episcopal income. His successor at Valence was granted papal approval from Adrian VI on 11 January 1523. Eubel, III, p. 326 and n. 4.
  116. Back to citation Duprat was Doctor in utroque iure, First President of the Parliament of Paris (1508), and then Chancellor of France (1515). He was named Archbishop of Sens on 20 March 1525, though there is no evidence of his ever having been consecrated bishop. He was created a cardinal in 1527. Peter G. Bietenholz and Thomas Brian Deutscher, ed. (2003). Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation. University of Toronto Press. pp. 412–413. ISBN 978-0-8020-8577-1. François Albert-Buisson (1935). Le chancelier Antoine Duprat (in French). Paris: Hachette.
  117. Back to citation Castelnau de Clermont-Lodève had been named a cardinal by Pope Julius II on 29 November 1503. He was appointed bishop of Valence by Pope Hadrian VI on 11 January 1523. He exchanged the diocese of Agde with Antoine de Vesc on 10 May 1531, and resigned in September 1531. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XVI, p. 332. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, pp. 10, no. 3; 97; 326 with notes 6 and 7.
  118. Back to citation De Vesc had been bishop of Agde, which he exchanged with Cardinal de Castenau on 10 May 1531. He was the cardinal's nephew, and only 26 years of age. He appointed Heldradus de Ambello as his vicar-general, and was bishop only in name. On 28 April 1536, he obtained the diocese of Castres, which he held until 1551. Hauréau, Gallia christiana XVI, p. 332. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, pp. 97; 158; 326 with notes 8 and 9.
  119. Back to citation (then Bishop of Castres)
  120. Back to citation Monluc was declared a heretic and deprived of his benefices, including the Bishopric of Valence-and-Die, on 11 October 1566 by Pope Pius V (Michele Ghislieri, O.P.).: Eubel, III, p. 326, note 11. The King of France refused to allow the decrees to be published in France.
  121. Back to citation Charles de Leberon was a nephew of Jean de Montluc. Gustave de Rivoire de La Bâtie (1867). Armorial du Dauphiné (in French). Lyon: Perrin. p. 268.
  122. Back to citation Pierre-André was the nephew of Charles de Leberon. He was nominated by King Henri IV, and approved on 17 August 1598 by Pope Clement VIII. Ulysse Chevalier, Notice chronologico-historique...,, p. 14. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 317 with note 2. Bergin, Joseph (1996). The Making of the French Episcopate, 1589–1661. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 629. ISBN 978-0-300-06751-4.
  123. Back to citation Charles de Leberon was the nephew of Bishop Pierre de Leberon, and a doctor of Canon Law. He was nominated by King Louis XIII, and approved by Pope Gregory XV on 22 May 1623. He was consecrated in Toulouse in 1624, and made his formal entrance into his diocese on 6 April 1625. He died at Mesnil on 5 June 1654. Ulysse Chevalier, Notice chronologico-historique...,, p. 14. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 317 with note 3.
  124. Back to citation Daniel de Cosnac had been First Gentleman of the Chamber of the Prince de Conti. He was named by Cardinal Mazarin to be Bishop of Valence on 24 June 1654. He was promoted to the See of Aix on 9 November 1693; he died in 1708. Ulysse Chevalier, Notice chronologico-historique...,, p. 14. Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 93. Daniel de Cosnac (1852). Cosnac, Jules de (Comte) (ed.). Mémoires de Daniel de Cosnac (in French). Vol. Tome premier. Paris: J. Renouard et cie., especially pp. xxviii–lxxvii.
  125. Back to citation Guillaume Borchart (or Borchard) was a Doctor of Theology (Paris) and had been Canon and Archdeacon of Rouen, and Grand Vicar of Pontoise. His father had been a royal Intendent in the Limousin. Chevalier, Notice p. 10. Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 403 with note 4.
  126. Back to citation Born in Toulouse, Jean de Catellan had been preceptor of the children of the royal family. He held the degree of doctor of theology (Paris), and was vicar-general, canon, and sacrstan of the cathedral of the diocese of Mirepoix. He was nominated by King Louis XIV on 16 August 1705, and approved by Pope Clement XI in the consistory of 14 December 1705. He died on 7 January 1725. Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 403 with note 4.
  127. Back to citation De Grave was a native of Bordeaux, and held a licenciate in theology (Paris). For 25 years he was vicar-general of the diocese of Saintes. He was nominated bishop of Valence by King Louis XV on 15 September 1771, and approved by Pope Clement XIV on 30 March 1772. He died in Paris on 1 July 1787. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 430 with note 2.
  128. Back to citation Bishop de Messey fled to London. He was one of the bishops who refused to resign in 1801 at the request of Pope Pius VII. He died in exile in Vienna on 17 March 1806. Mémoire des évêques françois résidens à Londres, qui n'ont pas donné leur démission. [Second edition.] (in French). London: Cox, Fils, et Baylis. 1802. p. 72. Ulysse Chevalier, Notice chronologico-historique...,, p. 15. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 430 with note 3.
  129. Back to citation On 21 February 1791, Marbos, curate of Bourg-lez-Valence, was elected Constitutional Bishop of the new diocese of Drôme. He was a member of the Convention, and voted against the execution of Louis XVI. He was imprisoned under the Terror, and thereafter refused to have anything to do with the Government's 'church'. In 1819 he retracted his apostasy, and died in communion with Rome on 27 February 1825. Paul Pisani (1907). Répertoire biographique de l'épiscopat constitutionnel (1791–1802) (in French). Paris: A. Picard et fils. pp. 334–335.
  130. Back to citation Bécherel had been the Constitutional bishop of Manche. He was selected bishop of Valence by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte on 5 July 1802, and confirmed on 15 July 1802. He died on 25 June 1815. Ulysse Chevalier, Notice chronologico-historique..., p. 15. Ritzler & Sefrin Hierarchia catholica VII, p. 387.
  131. Back to citation Aymar d'Arlot comte de Saint Saud (1906). Armorial des prélatas français du XIXe siècle. Paris: H. Daragon. p. 183.
  132. Back to citation Chartrousse was named by royal ordonnance of King Louis-Philippe on 26 May 1840, and approved by Gregory XVI on 13 July. He had previously been Vicar-General of Grenoble.
  133. Back to citation Lyonnet had been Bishop of St. Flour, 1851–1857. He was nominated bishop of Valence by Napoleon III on 7 July 1857, and confirmed by Pope Pius IX on 6 August 1857. He was appointed Archbishop of Albi on 11 December 1864 by Napoleon III, and confirmed by Pius IX on 27 March 1865. He died in 1875. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VIII, pp. 86, 273.
  134. Back to citation Gueullette was selected by the Emperor Napoleon III on 11 December 1864, and approved by Pope Pius IX on 27 March 1865. He resigned the diocese on 7 January 1875. Ulysse Chevalier, Notice chronologico-historique..., p. 16. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VIII, p. 579.
  135. Back to citation Appointed, Archbishop of Sens (-Auxerre))
  136. Back to citation Appointed, Coadjutor Archbishop of Avignon)
  137. Back to citation Appointed, Coadjutor Archbishop of Bourges)
  138. Back to citation Roman Catholic Diocese of Valence (-Die-Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux), official website

44°56′N 4°53′E / 44.93°N 4.89°E

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