John de Taxster
John de Taxster, Taxter, or Tayster[1] (Johannes de Taxster or Tayster; died c. 1265), sometimes erroneously called Taxston,[2] was a 13th-century English chronicler and monk at Bury St Edmunds Abbey. Nothing is known of his life apart from what is reported in or understood from his work on the 13th and 14th-century Bury Chronicle.
Life
Nothing is known of John de Taxster except what is recorded in or understood from his own work.[2] His surname—given as Taxster in one manuscript[3] and Tayster in another[4][5]—may be a variant of textor, a weaver.[6]
He noted in his section of the Bury Chronicle that he was professed as a Benedictine monk at Bury St Edmunds Abbey in Suffolk, England, on 20 November 1244[2][6] or 1255.[7] He does not seem to have held any notable position at the abbey[6] and is remembered for his contribution to the Bury Chronicle, where he seems to have written the section from the Creation to 1265[8] during the early 1260s.[6] It is possible that the version of the chronicle in British Library Cotton Julius MS A 1 was Taxster's own holograph.[9] If so, he wrote a cursive book hand in black ink with important passages marked in red.[7]
Taxster's chronicle is an important early source on the aftermath of King John's 1215 granting of the Magna Carta and a contemporary source for the 1264–1267 Second Barons' War that upheld its place in English law.[10] Overall, Taxster himself seems to have supported the baronial party, criticizing the severity and foreignness of King Henry III and Queen Eleanor and noting the popular veneration of Simon de Montfort.[10]
Taxster probably died around 1265, when his portion of the chronicle ends.[2] His notice of the miracles credited to Simon de Montfort's relics appear to have been scratched from the Cotton Julius manuscript, probably around 1266 when Henry III returned to power.[11]
Works
Taxster's chronicle forms the first part of the Bury Chronicle, in which he seems to have been followed by two other writers. His section covers all of the time from the Creation to 1265 but nearly all of the early entries are simply copied from John of Worcester and other sources.[12][6] His original content is usually considered to begin with the entry for the year 1212,[8] although it's a bit uncertain given that surviving manuscripts of the Annals are missing their final pages.[6]
See also
- John of Eversden, author of a chronicle at Bury St Edmunds continuing John de Taxster's work
- Jocelyn de Brakelond, author of the Chronicle of the Abbey of St Edmunds c. 1173–1202
- Chronicle of John of Oxnead, another chronicle of the era written at St Benet's Abbey in Norfolk
- Geoffrey de Runcey, a later chronicler from Bury St Edmunds
From the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia
John de Taxster — Taxster (Tayster), John de, sometimes erroneously called Taxter or Taxston, was a thirteenth-century chronicler, of whose life nothing is known except that he was professed as a Benedictine at Bury St. Edmund's 20 Nov., 1244. It is probable that he died in or about 1265, when his chronicle ceases. His work, which in the earlier part is compiled from Florence of Worcester, William of Malmesbury, and Ralph de Diceto, begins with the creation of the world. The value of the chronicle arises from Taxster's account of his own times; and his description of contemporary events was subsequently used by Everisden, Oxenedes, and Bartholomew Cotton. This part of his work has accordingly attracted more attention, and his chronicle for the period 1258–1263 has been printed by Luard in his edition of Cotton (Rolls Series). Taxster's chronicle as a whole has never been printed, and exists only in two MSS., one in the British Museum (Cott., Julius, A. 1.), the other in the College of Arms (Arundelian MS., 6). A faulty MS. for the years 1173–1265 was printed in 1849 for the English Historical Society, and passages relating to German affairs have been included by Pertz in "Mon. Germ. Hist.: Script.", XXVIII.
Liebermann in Pertz, Mon. Germ. Hist.: Script., XXVIII Luard, in R. S., loc. cit. (London, 1859); Hardy, Descriptive Catalogue, III (London, 1871); Tout in Dict. Nat. Biog., s. v.
References
- Back to citation Liebermann (1888).
- Back to citation occurrence 2.0 Back to citation occurrence 2.1 Back to citation occurrence 2.2 Back to citation occurrence 2.3 Burton (1913).
- Back to citation BL Cotton Julius MS A 1.
- Back to citation Coll. Arm. Arundel MS 6.
- Back to citation Luard (1859), p. liii.
- Back to citation occurrence 6.0 Back to citation occurrence 6.1 Back to citation occurrence 6.2 Back to citation occurrence 6.3 Back to citation occurrence 6.4 Back to citation occurrence 6.5 Gransden (2015), p. 243.
- Back to citation occurrence 7.0 Back to citation occurrence 7.1 Gransden (2015), p. 254.
- Back to citation occurrence 8.0 Back to citation occurrence 8.1 Bruce (2002), p. 47.
- Back to citation Gransden (2015), p. 253.
- Back to citation occurrence 10.0 Back to citation occurrence 10.1 Gransden (2015), p. 25.
- Back to citation Gransden (2015), p. 27.
- Back to citation Tout (1898).
Bibliography
- Bruce, Alexander M. (2002), Scyld & Scef: Expanding the Analogues, New York: Routledge, ISBN 0-8153-3904-6.
- Burton, Edwin Hubert (1913). "John de Taxster". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Gransden, Antonia Morland (1964), The Chronicle of Bury St. Edmunds, 1212–1301, London: Thomas Nelson & Sons.
- Gransden, Antonia Morland (2015), A History of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds, 1257–1301: Simon of Luton and John of Northwold, Woodbridge: Boydell Press, ISBN 978-1-78327-026-2.
- Liebermann, Felix, ed. (1888), "Ex Iohannis de Tayster Annalibus" [From the Annals of John of Tayster], Monumenta Germaniae Historica... [Historical Monuments of Germany...], Scriptorum, Vol. XXVIII: Ex Rerum Anglicarum Scriptoribus Saeculi XIII. [Authors, Vol. XXVIII: Excerpts from English Authors of the 13th Century] (in Latin), Hanover: Hahn, pp. 584–598.
- Luard, Henry Richards, ed. (1859), Bartholomaei de Cotton Monachi Norwicensis Historia Anglicana (A.D. 449–1298.) necnon Ejusdem Liber de Archiepiscopis et Episcopis Angliae [The English History (AD 449–1298) of Bartholomew Cotton Monk of Norwich along with The Book of the Archbishops and Bishops of England] (in Latin), London: Longman, Green, Longman, & Roberts.
- Tout, Thomas Frederick (1898). "Taxster, John de". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 55. London: Smith, Elder & Co.