Pedro V of Portugal

Pedro V
	Portrait, 1861
King of Portugal
Reign	15 November 1853 – 11 November 1861
Acclamation	16 September 1855
Predecessor	Maria II and Ferdinand II
Successor	Luís I
Regent	Ferdinand II (1853–1855)
Prime Ministers	See list; The Duke of Saldanha; The Duke of Loulé; The Duke of Terceira; Joaquim António de Aguiar
Born	16 September 1837; Necessidades Palace, Lisbon
Died	11 November 1861 (aged 24); Necessidades Palace, Lisbon
Burial	Pantheon of the Braganzas
Spouse	Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen; (m. 1858; died 1859)
House	Braganza
Father	Ferdinand II of Portugal
Mother	Maria II of Portugal
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Pedro V of Portugal — Dom Pedro V^[2] (Anglicized: Peter V,^[3] Portuguese: Pedro de Alcântara Maria Fernando Miguel Rafael Gonzaga Xavier João António Leopoldo Vítor Francisco de Assis Júlio Amélio; 16 September 1837 – 11 November 1861), nicknamed "the Hopeful" (Portuguese: o Esperançoso), was King of Portugal from 1853 until his death in 1861.

Early life and reign

As the eldest son of Queen Maria II and King Ferdinand II, Peter was a member of the House of Bragança.^[4] As heir apparent to the throne he was styled Prince Royal (Portuguese: Príncipe Real), and was also the 23rd Duke of Braganza (Duque de Bragança).

Peter was a conscientious and hard-working monarch who, under the guidance of his father, sought radical modernisation of the Portuguese state and infrastructure. Under his reign, roads, telegraphs, and railways were constructed and improvements in public health advanced. His popularity increased when, during the cholera outbreak of 1853–1856, he visited hospitals handing out gifts and comforting the sick.

Pedro V, along with his brothers Fernando and João and other royal family members, died of typhoid fever or cholera in 1861.

Pedro V founded Associação Naval de Lisboa on April 30, 1856, the oldest sports club in Portugal.

Marriage

Peter married German Princess Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, eldest daughter of Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, and Princess Josephine of Baden, by proxy in Berlin on 29 April 1858 and then in person in Lisbon on 18 May 1858.

Among the many wedding guests in Lisbon was Stephanie's brother Prince Karl Anton Joachim Zephyrinus Friedrich Meinrad von Hohenzollern, Commanding General of the VII Prussian Army Corps, accompanied by Major Reimar Constantin von Alvensleben.^[5]

It was a happy marriage until Queen Stephanie died a year later from diphtheria. As Peter and Stephanie's marriage was childless, the Portuguese throne passed to his brother Luís.

Titles, styles and honours

Titles and styles

Pedro V's official styling as King of Portugal: By the Grace of God and by the Constitution of the Monarchy, Peter V, King of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, South Africa, Arabia, Persia and India, etc.^[6]

As heir apparent to the Portuguese crown, Peter held the following titles:^[7]

Duke of Braganza (23rd)
Duke of Barcelos (18th)
Duke of Guimarães (20th)
Marquis of Vila Viçosa (22nd)
Count of Ourém (24th)
Count of Barcelos (24th)
Count of Faria and Neiva (24th)
Count of Arraiolos (26th)
Count of Guimarães (21st)

Honours

Domestic^[8]

He was Grand Master of the following orders:
- Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ
- Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz
- Order of Saint James of the Sword
- Order of the Tower and Sword
- Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa

Foreign^[8]

Austrian Empire: Grand Cross the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1854^[9]
Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 9 July 1854^[10]
Empire of Brazil: Grand Cross of the Southern Cross, 1855
Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order
French Empire: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Hohenzollern: Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class
Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion
Kingdom of Prussia: Knight of the Black Eagle
Russian Empire:^[11]
- Knight of St. Andrew, 13 March 1856
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, 13 March 1856
- Knight of the White Eagle, 13 March 1856
- Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class, 13 March 1856
Kingdom of Sardinia:
- Knight of the Annunciation, 15 July 1855^[12]
- Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, 15 July 1855
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 1 August 1854^[13]
Kingdom of Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown, 1854^[14]
Spain: Knight of the Golden Fleece, 13 November 1846^[15]
Two Sicilies: Grand Cross of St. Ferdinand and Merit
United Kingdom: Stranger Knight of the Garter, 24 June 1858^[16]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Pedro V of Portugal^[17]
8. Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
4. Ferdinand, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry
9. Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf
2. Fernando II of Portugal
10. Ferenc József, Prince Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya
5. Princess Mária Antónia Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya
11. Countess Maria Antonia von Waldstein-Wartenberg
1. Pedro V of Portugal
12. João VI of Portugal
6. Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal
13. Infanta Carlota Joaquina of Spain
3. Maria II of Portugal
14. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
7. Archduchess Leopoldina of Austria
15. Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily

References

Back to citation "While remaining patrilineal dynasts of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha according to pp. 88, 116 of the 1944 Almanach de Gotha, Title 1, Chapter 1, Article 5 of the 1838 Portuguese constitution declared, with respect to Ferdinand II of Portugal's issue by his first wife, that 'the Most Serene House of Braganza is the reigning house of Portugal and continues through the Person of the Lady Queen Maria II'. Thus their mutual descendants constitute the Coburg line of the House of Braganza".
Back to citation Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾu]
Back to citation "Peter V". Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2026.
Back to citation While remaining patrilineal dynasts of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha according to pp. 88, 116 of the 1944 Almanach de Gotha, Title 1, Chapter 1, Article 5 of the 1838 Portuguese constitution declared, with respect to Ferdinand II of Portugal's issue by his first wife, that 'the Most Serene House of Braganza is the reigning house of Portugal and continues through the Person of the Lady Queen Maria II'. Thus their mutual descendants constitute the Coburg line of the House of Braganza"
Back to citation Constantin v. Alvensleben, General der Infanterie – Ein militärisches Lebensbild, Berlin 1903, p. 25 f.
Back to citation Pinto 1883, pp. XV–XVI.
Back to citation Castelo Branco e Torres 1838, pp. XXIV–XXV, XXXIV.
Back to citation occurrence 8.0 Back to citation occurrence 8.1 Pinto 1883, p. XVI.
Back to citation "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
Back to citation Ferdinand Veldekens (1858). Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer. lelong. p. 203.
Back to citation Bragança, Jose Vicente de; Estrela, Paulo Jorge (2017). "Troca de Decorações entre os Reis de Portugal e os Imperadores da Rússia" [Exchange of Decorations between the Kings of Portugal and the Emperors of Russia]. Pro Phalaris (in Portuguese). 16: 6–7. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
Back to citation Cibrario, Luigi (1869). Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri (in Italian). Eredi Botta. p. 115. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
Back to citation Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach Archived 22 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine (1864), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 13
Back to citation Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen (1857) (in German), "Königliche Ritter-Orden", p. 4
Back to citation "Caballeros Existentes en la Insignie Orden del Toison de Oro", Calendario manual y guía de forasteros en Madrid (in Spanish): 172, 1860, retrieved 26 April 2020
Back to citation Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 60
Back to citation Pinto 1883, pp. XV–XLVII.