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Peter Geach

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Peter Geach
FBA
Born Peter Thomas Geach
29 March 1916
Chelsea, London, England
Died 21 December 2013 (aged 97)
Cambridge, England
Spouse G. E. M. Anscombe
(m. 1941; died 2001)[1]
Education
Alma mater Balliol College, Oxford
Academic advisor Ludwig Wittgenstein
Philosophical work
Era 20th-century philosophy
Region Western philosophy
School Analytical Thomism
Institutions University of Birmingham
University of Leeds
Main interests History of philosophy
Philosophical logic
Philosophy of religion
Notable ideas Analytical Thomism
Cambridge change
Frege–Geach problem
omnipotence paradox

Peter Thomas Geach[2] (29 March 1916 – 21 December 2013) was a British philosopher who was Professor of Logic at the University of Leeds. His areas of interest were philosophical logic, ethics, history of philosophy, philosophy of religion and the theory of identity.

Early life

Peter Geach was born in Chelsea, London, on 29 March 1916.[3] He was the only son of George Hender Geach and his wife Eleonora Frederyka Adolfina (née Sgonina).[4] His father, who was employed in the Indian Educational Service, would go on to work as a professor of philosophy in Lahore and later as the principal of a teacher-training college in Peshawar.[5][6]

His parents' marriage was unhappy and quickly broke up.[7] Until the age of four, he lived with his maternal grandparents, who were Polish immigrants, in Cardiff.[7] After this time he was placed in the care of a guardian (until his father returned to Britain) and contact with his mother and her parents ceased.[7] He attended Llandaff Cathedral School in Cardiff and, later, Clifton College.[8]

His father, who had studied with Bertrand Russell and G. E. Moore at Cambridge, taught him philosophy starting with logic.[9]

In 1934 Geach won a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford, graduating in 1938 with first-class honours in literae humaniores.[10][11] At Oxford, he increasingly engaged in intellectual clashes with Catholics, through which he discovered the Catholic faith, later converting to the Roman Catholic Church.[12] He later described it:

I was certainly cleverer than they, but they had the immeasurable advantage that they were right—an advantage that they did not throw away by resorting to the bad philosophy and apologetics then sometimes taught in Catholic schools. One day my defences quite suddenly collapsed: I knew that if I were to remain an honest man I must seek instruction in the Catholic Religion. I was received into the Catholic Church on 31 May 1938.[13]

Academic career

Geach spent a year (1938–39)[10] as a Gladstone Research Student, based at St Deiniol's Library, Hawarden.[14]

Geach refused to join the British Army in the Second World War and, as a conscientious objector, was employed in the war years in timber production.[14] Though Geach himself recounts that he did later try, unsuccessfully, to join the Free Polish Army.[15]

Following the end of the war in 1945, he undertook further research at Cambridge.

In 1951, Geach was appointed to his first substantive academic post, as assistant lecturer at the University of Birmingham, going on to become Reader in Logic. In 1966 Geach resigned in protest at the university's decision to create an Institute of Contemporary Culture. In his resignation letter he said he had no wish to stay at a university which "preferred Pop Art to Logic".[16] In the same year he was appointed Professor of Logic in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Leeds.[10][17] Geach retired from his Leeds chair in 1981 with the title Emeritus Professor of Logic.[18]

At various times Geach held visiting professorships at the universities of Cornell, Chicago, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Warsaw.[10]

Philosophical work

His early work includes the classic texts Mental Acts and Reference and Generality, the latter defending an essentially modern conception of reference against medieval theories of supposition. His Catholic perspective was integral to his philosophy. He was perhaps the founder of analytical Thomism (though the current of thought running through his and Elizabeth Anscombe's work to the present day was only ostensibly so named forty years later by John Haldane), the aim of which is to synthesise Thomistic and analytic approaches. Geach was a student and an early follower of Ludwig Wittgenstein whilst at the University of Cambridge.[19]

Geach defends the Thomistic position that human beings are essentially rational animals, each one miraculously created. He dismissed Darwinistic attempts to regard reason as inessential to humanity, as "mere sophistry, laughable, or pitiable." He repudiated any capacity for language in animals as mere "association of manual signs with things or performances."[20]

Geach dismissed both pragmatic and epistemic conceptions of truth, commending a version of the correspondence theory proposed by Thomas Aquinas. He argues that there is one reality rooted in God himself, who is the ultimate truthmaker. God, according to Geach, is truth. While they lived, he saw W. V. Quine and Arthur Prior as his allies, in that they held three truths: that there are no non-existent beings; that a proposition can occur in discourse without being there asserted; and that the sense of a term does not depend on the truth of the proposition in which it occurs. He is said to have invented the famous ethical example of the stuck potholer,[5] when arguing against the idea that it might be right to kill a child to save their mother.

In metaethics, a debate developed in the 1960s and 1970s as to whether it was possible to logically derive categorical 'ought' statements from 'is' statements. The debate famously involved Richard Hare, Max Black, Philippa Foot and John Searle among others. Geach made a notable contribution to this debate with a paper published in 1977, which purported to derive one categorical 'ought' from purely factual premises.[21][22]

Geach has famously argued that the notion of absolute identity should be abandoned, to be replaced with relative identity predicates.[23][24]

Honours

Geach was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 1965.[25] He was elected an honorary fellow of Balliol College in 1979.[25] He was awarded the papal cross Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice by the Holy See in 1999[26] for his philosophical work.

Marriage and children

His wife and occasional collaborator was the philosopher Elizabeth Anscombe.[17] Both converts to Catholicism, they were married at Brompton Oratory in 1941 and went on to have seven children.[27] They co-authored the 1961 book Three Philosophers, with Anscombe contributing a section on Aristotle and Geach one each on Aquinas and Gottlob Frege.[17] For a quarter century they were leading figures in the Philosophical Enquiry Group, an annual confluence of Catholic philosophers held at Spode House in Staffordshire that was established by Columba Ryan in 1954.[28]

Death

Peter Geach died on 21 December 2013[29] at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge and is buried in the same grave as his wife in (what is now) the Ascension Parish Burial Ground.

Works

For more complete publication details see Lewis (1991).[30]

Commemorative Publications

See also

References

  1. Back to citation Haldane 2000, p. 1019.
  2. Back to citation Pronounced /ɡiːtʃ/
  3. Back to citation Geach 1991, p. 1; Teichmann 2017.
  4. Back to citation Geach 1991; Kenny 2015.
  5. Back to citation occurrence 5.0 Back to citation occurrence 5.1 O'Grady, Jane (26 December 2013). "Peter Geach obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  6. Back to citation Geach 1991.
  7. Back to citation occurrence 7.0 Back to citation occurrence 7.1 Back to citation occurrence 7.2 Geach 1991, p. 1.
  8. Back to citation Muirhead 1948, p. 448.
  9. Back to citation Thomas H. Wallgreen (2023). The Creation of Wittgenstein: Understanding the Roles of Rush Rhees, Elizabeth Anscombe and Georg Henrik Von Wright. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 44. ISBN 9781350121119.
  10. Back to citation occurrence 10.0 Back to citation occurrence 10.1 Back to citation occurrence 10.2 Back to citation occurrence 10.3 "Emeritus Professor Peter T Geach, MA, FBA". Leeds: University of Leeds. 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  11. Back to citation Kenny 2015, p. 186.
  12. Back to citation Geach 1991, p. 7; Kenny 2015, p. 186.
  13. Back to citation Schwenkler, John, "Peter Geach, R.I.P., Commonweal, December 24, 2013
  14. Back to citation occurrence 14.0 Back to citation occurrence 14.1 Kenny 2015, p. 188.
  15. Back to citation Geach 1991, p. 12.
  16. Back to citation Kenny 2015, p. 195.
  17. Back to citation occurrence 17.0 Back to citation occurrence 17.1 Back to citation occurrence 17.2 Boxer, Sarah (13 January 2001). "G. E. M. Anscombe, 81, British Philosopher". The New York Times. p. B8. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  18. Back to citation "Emeritus Professors". Leeds: University of Leeds. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  19. Back to citation Roberts, Sue (2014). "News". Philosophy Now. No. 100. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  20. Back to citation Murray 2002.
  21. Back to citation Geach, Peter (1977). "Again the Logic of 'Ought'". Philosophy. 52 (211): 473–476. doi:10.1017/S0031819100028953. JSTOR 3749546. S2CID 170494772. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  22. Back to citation Hurka, Thomas (1980). "Geach on Deriving Categorical 'Oughts'". Philosophy. 55 (211): 101–104. doi:10.1017/S0031819100063786. JSTOR 3750979. S2CID 170323838. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  23. Back to citation The Oxford Handbook of Metaphysics. pp. 111–112.
  24. Back to citation "Identity". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2022.
  25. Back to citation occurrence 25.0 Back to citation occurrence 25.1 Kenny 2015, p. 200.
  26. Back to citation Kenny 2015, p. 201.
  27. Back to citation "Professor G E M Anscombe". The Telegraph. London. 6 January 2001. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  28. Back to citation "Father Columba Ryan: Priest, Teacher and University Chaplain". The Times. London. 19 August 2009. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  29. Back to citation Kenny 2015, p. 203.
  30. Back to citation Lewis, Harry A., ed. (1991). "Bibliography of works of P.T. Geach" (PDF). Peter Geach: Philosophical Encounters. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-7885-1. ISBN 978-90-481-4072-5.

Bibliography

Works cited

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