Robert Plunkett
| The Reverend Robert Plunkett SJ | |
|---|---|
| |
| 1st President of Georgetown College | |
| In office 1791–1793 | |
| Succeeded by | Robert Molyneux |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1752 England |
| Died | January 15, 1815 (aged 62–63) Chaptico, Maryland, United States |
| Resting place | Georgetown Visitation Monastery |
| Alma mater | Colleges of St Omer and Bruges English College, Douai |
Robert Plunkett (1752 – January 15, 1815) was an English Catholic priest and missionary to the United States who became the first president of Georgetown College. Born in England, he was educated at the Colleges of St Omer and Bruges, as well as at the English College at Douai. There, he entered the Society of Jesus in 1769, but left four years later, just before learning of the papal order suppressing the Society. Therefore, he was ordained a secular priest at the English College, and became the chaplain to a monastery of English Benedictine nuns in exile in Brussels.
Plunkett petitioned to be sent to the United States as a missionary in 1789. Shortly after his arrival in 1790, Bishop John Carroll persuaded him to become the president of the newly established Georgetown College. Plunkett oversaw construction of the college's first building, the appointment of the first professor, and admission of the first student, William Gaston. However, he was more interested in pastoral work than education, and resigned the office two years later. Plunkett spent the remainder of his life ministering in rural Maryland, though continued to remain involved in the college's affairs.
Early life
Robert Plunkett was born in 1752,[1] in England.[2] He was educated at the Colleges of St Omer and Bruges from 1763 to 1768,[3] before attending the English College at Douai. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1769, but left the order on August 21, 1773, after the promulgation of a papal brief suppressing the Jesuits worldwide, but before news of this brief reached him in the Low Countries. He continued his studies at Douai as a secular seminarian, and was ordained a priest there.[4] After his ordination, Plunkett became the chaplain to the Monastery of Our Lady of the Assumption in Brussels, in the Austrian Netherlands,[5] which housed a community of Benedictine nuns who had been exiled from England.[6]
On April 20, 1789, Plunkett requested permission from his bishop, the Vicar Apostolic of the London District, to go to the United States as a missionary. Because the American Church was at this point governed as a mission territory under Propaganda Fide, the request needed approval from Rome. The prefect of the congregation, Cardinal Leonardo Antonelli, approved the request and informed John Carroll, the Prefect Apostolic of the United States, who had been recruiting priests in Europe -- especially former Jesuits, parish priests, and Sulpicians -- to run the newly established Georgetown College in Maryland.[5]
On May 1, 1790,[7] Plunkett set sail for America from Texel, aboard a ship called The Brothers,[8] along with Charles Neale and a group of four Discalced Carmelite sisters from Hoogstraten who were going to found a convent in the United States.[9] The journey was prolonged because the captain had taken aboard goods to be delivered to Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands.[8] Plunkett frequently went ashore while the ship was in port in Santa Cruz.[10] He laid to rest the concerns of the local ecclesiastical authorities, who learned of a rumor that the Carmelite sisters were nuns fleeing their monastery with the aid of the two priests.[11][12] The vessel arrived in New York City on July 2, 1790. Plunkett then departed Neale and the Carmelites and continued his journey to Maryland by land.[13] His first assignment was at the Jesuit plantation of White Marsh in Prince George's County.[1]
Georgetown College
Though Bishop Carroll was aware Plunkett had traveled to the United States seeking of pastoral, rather than educational work, he persuaded the reluctant Plunkett to become the first president of Georgetown College. Carroll concluded that the few other former Jesuits in the United States either could not be removed from important ministries or were not suited to teaching.[1] He had initially sought to name a distinguished English ex-Jesuit as the head of the college, such as Charles Plowden or Robert Molyneux, but they were unwilling to assume the position.[14]
Despite Plunkett's success at growing the faculty and student body, Plunkett increasingly desired the life of a rural missionary in Southern Maryland, the work he had initially come to America to undertake.[15] In December 1792, he submitted his resignation to Carroll, but agreed to remain until a replacement could be found. In June 1793, Carroll named Molyneux to succeed Plunkett as president.[15]
Later missionary years
Following the end of his tenure at Georgetown, Plunkett took up missionary work. Though living in Georgetown, he traveled regularly on horseback throughout Montgomery County, Maryland, where he was given charge of the congregations in Rock Creek, Rockville, Seneca, Barnesville, and Holland's River.[2] He was later stationed in Prince George's County, Maryland,[16] including for a time as pastor of the church in Bladensburg.[17] He was also in charge of Queen's Chapel,[18] a Catholic chapel built on the Queen family estate in Prince George's County.[19]
Despite his preference for rural ministry, Plunkett continued to remain involved in Georgetown College's affairs.[2] When the school was at a deficit of funds for the completion of the Old North Building in 1797, Plunkett donated a sum to aid in its opening.[20] He was also named as one of five original members of Georgetown's board of directors, upon its creation in 1797;[21] he would remain a director until 1808.[22] These directors took measures to reduce the influence of the Sulpicians at the college, one of whom, Louis William Valentine Dubourg, became president of the school.[23]
Plunkett died on January 15, 1815, at Notley Hall in St. Mary's County, Maryland,[16] near the settlement of Chaptico.[24] He was interred in the crypt of the Georgetown Visitation Monastery.[16]
References
- Back to citation occurrence 1.0 Back to citation occurrence 1.1 Back to citation occurrence 1.2 Curran 1993, p. 32
- Back to citation occurrence 2.0 Back to citation occurrence 2.1 Back to citation occurrence 2.2 Warner 1994, p. 85
- Back to citation Mattingly 2012, p. 153
- Back to citation Hennesey 1990, p. 1
- Back to citation occurrence 5.0 Back to citation occurrence 5.1 Guilday 1922, p. 460
- Back to citation Cichy 2017, p. 283
- Back to citation Currier 1890, p. 62
- Back to citation occurrence 8.0 Back to citation occurrence 8.1 Currier 1890, p. 61
- Back to citation Currier 1890, p. 60
- Back to citation Currier 1890, p. 64
- Back to citation Currier 1890, p. 63
- Back to citation The Spanish Inquisition was still ongoing at this time, Currier 1890, p. 64 and the Canary Islands were possessions of the Spanish Empire. Currier 1890, p. 63
- Back to citation Currier 1890, p. 66
- Back to citation Curran 1993, p. 31
- Back to citation occurrence 15.0 Back to citation occurrence 15.1 Curran 1993, p. 44
- Back to citation occurrence 16.0 Back to citation occurrence 16.1 Back to citation occurrence 16.2 Devitt 1905, p. 226
- Back to citation Calvert 1991, p. 100
- Back to citation Devitt 1909, p. 29
- Back to citation Malesky, Robert (July 6, 2014). "Brookland Roads: Just where was Queen's Chapel?". Bygone Brookland. Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
- Back to citation Curran 1993, p. 46
- Back to citation Warner 1994, p. 27
- Back to citation Curran 1993, p. 402
- Back to citation Curran 1993, p. 51
- Back to citation Bauer, King & Strickland 2013, p. 1
Bibliography
Sources
- Bauer, Skylar A; King, Julia A; Strickland, Scott M. (2013). Archaeological Investigations at Notley Hall, Near Chaptico, Maryland (PDF) (Report). St. Mary's City, Maryland: St. Mary's College of Maryland. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
- Calvert, Rosalie Stier (1991). Callcott, Margaret Law (ed.). Mistress of Riversdale: The Plantation Letters of Rosalie Stier Calvert. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4093-7. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020 – via Google Books.
- Cichy, Andrew (2017). "Chapter 10: Parlour, Court and Cloister: Musical Culture in English Convents during the Seventeenth Century". In Bowden, Caroline; Kelly, James E. (eds.). The English Convents in Exile, 1600–1800: Communities, Culture and Identity. Catholic Christendom, 1300–1700. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-03402-5. Archived from the original on June 13, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020 – via Google Books.
- Curran, Robert Emmett (1993). The Bicentennial History of Georgetown University: From Academy to University, 1789–1889. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-485-8. Archived from the original on March 21, 2020. Retrieved March 21, 2020 – via Google Books.
- Curran, Robert Emmett (2012). "Ambrose Maréchal, the Jesuits, and the Demise of Ecclesial Republicanism in Maryland, 1818–1838". Shaping American Catholicism: Maryland and New York, 1805–1915. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press. pp. 13–158. ISBN 978-0-8132-1967-7. Archived from the original on September 9, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2020 – via Google Books.
- Currier, Charles Warren (1890). Carmel in America: A Centennial History of the Discalced Carmelites in the United States. Baltimore: John Murphy & Co. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
- Devitt, Edward I. (September 1905). "The Suppression and Restoration of the Society in Maryland" (PDF). Woodstock Letters. XXXIV (2): 203–235. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 21, 2020. Retrieved March 21, 2020 – via Jesuit Archives.
- Devitt, Edward I. (1909). "Georgetown College in the Early Days". Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C. 12: 21–37. JSTOR 40066991.
- Guilday, Peter (1922). The Life and Times of John Carroll. New York: The Encyclopedia Press. ISBN 9780795009471. OCLC 503430666. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020 – via Google Books.
- Hennesey, James (1990). "Neither the Bourbons nor the Revolution: Georgetown's Jesuit Founders". In Morris, Michèle R. (ed.). Images of America in Revolutionary France. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. pp. 1–12. ISBN 978-0-87840-497-1. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020 – via Google Books.
- Mattingly, Paul H. (Summer 2012). "A Maryland Jesuit in Eighteenth-Century Europe" (PDF). Maryland Historical Magazine. 107 (2): 141–154. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
- O'Neill, Paul R; Williams, Paul K. (2003). Georgetown University. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-1509-0. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020 – via Google Books.
- Warner, William W. (1994). At Peace with All Their Neighbors: Catholics and Catholicism in the National Capital, 1787–1860. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 0-87840-557-7. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020 – via Google Books.
| Academic offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| New office | 1st President of Georgetown College 1791–1793 |
Succeeded by Robert Molyneux |