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Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg

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Albrecht
Duke of Württemberg
Duke Albrecht c. 1915
Duke Albrecht c. 1915
Head of the House of Württemberg
Tenure 2 October 1921 - 31 October 1939
Predecessor King Wilhelm II
Successor Duke Philipp Albrecht
Born 23 December 1865
Vienna, Empire of Austria
Died 31 October 1939 (aged 73)
Altshausen, State of Württemberg, Nazi Germany
Spouse Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria
(m. 1893; died 1902)
Issue See
Philipp Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg
Duke Albrecht Eugen
Duke Carl Alexander
Duchess Maria Amalie
Duchess Maria Theresa
Duchess Maria Elisabeth
Duchess Maria Margarete
Names
Albrecht Maria Alexander Philipp Joseph
House Württemberg
Father Duke Philipp of Württemberg
Mother Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria
Religion Roman Catholic
Military career
Allegiance German Empire Kingdom of Württemberg
Branch Imperial German Army Army of Württemberg
Service years 1885–1919
Rank General field marshal
Commands German 4th Army (1914–1917)
Army Group Albrecht (1917–1918)
Battles First World War Battle of the Ardennes
Battle of the Yser
Meuse–Argonne offensive
Second Battle of Ypres
Battle of Hill 60

Duke Albrecht of Württemberg (Albrecht Maria Alexander Philipp Joseph; 23 December 1865 – 31 October 1939) was the last crown prince of Württemberg, a German military commander of World War I, and the head of the House of Württemberg from 1921 to his death.

Early life

Duke Albrecht was born in Vienna as the eldest child of Duke Philipp of Württemberg and his wife Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, daughter of Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen.[1]

Albrecht entered the armies of the Kingdom of Württemberg and the German Empire in 1883, rose quickly through its ranks, and became the heir apparent to the throne of Württemberg.[1]

In 1910, Albrecht attended the funeral of Edward VII.[2][3] He was a third cousin of Mary of Teck, who was the Queen consort of George V.

World War I

When World War I began, Duke Albrecht's command, the Six Army Inspectorate (Sechste Armee-Inspektion), was formed into the 4th Army,[4] 123 battalions strong. As King William II had no sons, Albrecht was appointed the army's commander and assigned to the Ardennes, with Walther von Lüttwitz serving as his chief of staff. This army he led to victory alongside Crown Prince Wilhelm's 5th Army at the Battle of the Ardennes in August 1914. Following that victory, the 4th Army saw action in the First Battle of the Marne before being transferred to Flanders in October, where Albrecht commanded them during the Battle of the Yser. Albrecht also commanded the German forces during the Second Battle of Ypres, where poison gas was used on a large scale for the first time.[5]

Albrecht was awarded the Pour le Mérite in August 1915 and promoted to Generalfeldmarschall in August 1916. The new Army Group Duke Albrecht was placed under his command in February 1917, and he was responsible for the southern sector of the Western Front until the Armistice.

Postwar

Albrecht had become heir presumptive to the Kingdom of Württemberg following the death of his father in October 1917, but the German Empire's World War I defeat and the abdication of his cousin King Willhelm II of Württemberg following the German Revolution prevented him from ever succeeding to the throne. He became head of the House of Württemberg after the death of Wilhelm on 2 October 1921.

Albrecht died at Altshausen Castle. His son Duke Philipp Albrecht succeeded him as head of the House of Württemberg.

Family

Albrecht was married in Vienna on 24 January 1893 to Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria,[6] daughter of Archduke Carl Ludwig. They had seven children:

Decorations and awards

German States

Foreign States

Ancestry

References

  1. Back to citation occurrence 1.0 Back to citation occurrence 1.1 Back to citation occurrence 1.2 Pawly 2003, p. 30.
  2. Back to citation Tuchman 2014, p. 16.
  3. Back to citation Hopkins 1910, p. 372.
  4. Back to citation Pawly 2003, p. 11.
  5. Back to citation Zabecki 2014, p. 1504.
  6. Back to citation born 13 May 1870 in Artstetten Castle; died 24 August 1902 in Gmunden.
  7. Back to citation occurrence 7.00 Back to citation occurrence 7.01 Back to citation occurrence 7.02 Back to citation occurrence 7.03 Back to citation occurrence 7.04 Back to citation occurrence 7.05 Back to citation occurrence 7.06 Back to citation occurrence 7.07 Back to citation occurrence 7.08 Back to citation occurrence 7.09 Back to citation occurrence 7.10 Back to citation occurrence 7.11 Back to citation occurrence 7.12 Back to citation occurrence 7.13 Back to citation occurrence 7.14 Back to citation occurrence 7.15 Back to citation occurrence 7.16 Back to citation occurrence 7.17 Back to citation occurrence 7.18 Back to citation occurrence 7.19 Back to citation occurrence 7.20 Kriegsministerium (Hrsg.): Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee und des XIII. (Königlich Württembergischen) Armeekorps für 1914, E.S. Mittler & Sohn, Berlin, 1914, p. 46
  8. Back to citation occurrence 8.0 Back to citation occurrence 8.1 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1908), "Departement des Kriegswesen" p. 216
  9. Back to citation Königlich Württembergisches Militär-Verordnungsblatt: Personal-Nachrichten, 1916 No. 9, Stuttgart 25 February 1916, p. 116
  10. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1916 No. 9, 25 February 1916, p. 116
  11. Back to citation Militär-Wochenblatt, 1915 No. 16/20, Berlin 27 January 1915, p. 481
  12. Back to citation occurrence 12.0 Back to citation occurrence 12.1 "Albrecht Maria Alexander Philipp Joseph Herzog von Württemberg". the Prussian Machine. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  13. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1916 No. 58, 16 October 1916, p. 611
  14. Back to citation Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 41
  15. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1915 No. 58, 12 September 1915, p. 519
  16. Back to citation Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern (1908), "Königliche Orden" p. 9
  17. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1915 No. 71, 18 November 1915, p. 645
  18. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1915 No. 78, 31 December 1915, p. 721
  19. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1915 No. 20, 31 March 1915, p.
  20. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1915 No. 71, 18 November 1915, p. 645
  21. Back to citation "Ludewigs-orden", Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, p. 6 – via hathitrust.org
  22. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1915 No. 14, 6 March 1915, p. 149
  23. Back to citation Richard Lundström and Daniel Krause: Verleihungen des Fürstlichen Hausordens von Hohenzollern mit Schwertern und der Goldene Ehrenmedaille mit Schwertern 1914-1947, Phaleristischer Verlag Michael Autengruber, Konstanz am Bodensee, 2008, ISBN 3-937064-12-5, p. 9
  24. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1915 No. 71, 18 November 1915, p. 645
  25. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1915 No. 58, 12 September 1915, p. 519
  26. Back to citation "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36043. London. 19 January 1900. p. 7.
  27. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1915 No. 68, 6 November 1915, p. 607
  28. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1918 No. 11, 16 March 1918, p. 103
  29. Back to citation Militär-Wochenblatt, 1915 No. 11, Berlin 16 January 1915, p. 230
  30. Back to citation Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. p. 4 – via hathitrust.org.
  31. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1915 No. 45, 23 July 1915, p. 390
  32. Back to citation Der Königlich Sächsische Militär-St. Heinrichs-Orden 1736-1918: Ein Ehrenblatt der Sächsischen Armee, Druck und Verlag der Wilhelm und Bertha v. Baensch Stiftung, Dresden 1937, p. 128.
  33. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1916 No. 19, 14 April 1916, p. 199
  34. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1915 No. 39, 24 June 1915, p. 335
  35. Back to citation Boettger, T. F. "Chevaliers de la Toisón d'Or – Knights of the Golden Fleece". La Confrérie Amicale. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  36. Back to citation "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  37. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1915 No. 45, 23 July 1915, p. 390
  38. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1917 No. 40, 15 September 1917, p. 318
  39. Back to citation Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Württemberg für 1908, W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1908
  40. Back to citation The London Gazette, issue 28058, p. 6149
  41. Back to citation Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Württemberg für 1908, W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1908
  42. Back to citation Sovereign Ordonnance of 12 February 1889
  43. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1918 No. 20, 15 May 1918, p. 178
  44. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1916 No. 19, 14 April 1916, p. 200
  45. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1916 No. 19, 14 April 1916, p. 200
  46. Back to citation Personal-Nachrichten, 1916 No. 19, 14 April 1916, p. 200

Bibliography

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