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Amalia Errázuriz de Subercaseaux

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Amalia Errázuriz de Subercaseaux
John Singer Sargent ( c. 1880-1881 ) Portrait de Madame Ramón Subercaseaux
John Singer Sargent ( c. 1880-1881 ) Portrait de Madame Ramón Subercaseaux
Born Amalia Errázuriz Urmeneta
31 May 1860
Guayacán, Coquimbo, Chile
Died 8 March 1930 (aged 69)
Barcelona, Spain
Spouse Ramón Subercaseaux Vicuña
(m. 1879)
Children 10, including
Pedro Subercaseaux
Luis Subercaseaux
Blanca Subercaseaux de Valdés
Juan Subercaseaux
Father Maximiano Errázuriz Valdivieso
Relatives Francisco Valdés Subercaseaux (grandson)
Gabriel Valdés (grandson)
José Tomás Errázuriz (brother)
Rafael Errázuriz Urmeneta (brother)
Federico Errázuriz Zañartu (uncle)
Eulogia Echaurren (aunt)
Carmen Quiroga de Urmeneta (grandmother)
Family Errázuriz family
Subercaseaux family
Writing career
Language Spanish

Amalia Errázuriz de Subercaseaux (née Errázuriz Urmeneta; 1860–1930) was a Chilean writer of Catholic devotional literature and was one of Chile's first travel writers.[1] In 1912, Errázuriz co-founded and the Chilean Ladies League with Adela Edwards Salas.[2][3]

Early life and education

Amalia Errázuriz Urmeneta was born on 31 May 1860 in the Guayacán neighborhood of Coquimbo to Maximiano Errázuriz Valdivieso, a surveyor, politician and winemaker, and Josefa Amalia Urmeneta de Errázuriz (née Urmeneta Quiroga).[4] Through her father Errázuriz was a member of the Errázuriz family, and was the granddaughter of the military officer and politician Francisco Javier Errázuriz Aldunate, and the niece of Federico Errázuriz Zañartu and Eulogia Echaurren.[5] Through her mother Errázuriz was the granddaughter of José Tomás Urmeneta and Carmen Quiroga de Urmeneta.[6][7] One of five siblings, Errázuriz was the younger sister of José Tomás Errázuriz.[8]

In 1861, Errázuriz's mother died whilst giving birth to her younger brother Rafael Errázuriz Urmeneta, a politician and diplomat.[9] Following her mother's death Errázuriz was primarily raised by her paternal grandmother.[10] From the age of 10 Errázuriz was educated at Maestranza, a convent boarding school run by the Society of the Sacred Heart.[6][11] Errázuriz was a student of Ana de Rousier, and had intentions of becoming a Carmelite.[6][11]

In 1871, Errázuriz accompanied her father, her step-mother Carmen Valdés Ureta, and siblings on a business tour to Europe.[6] On the tour Errázuriz learnt English and French from a governess.[6]

Career

In 1879, aged 18, Errázuriz married Ramón Subercaseaux Vicuña, a painter, politician and diplomat.[6][7] The same year Subercaseaux was appointed as the Chilean Minister to Germany and Italy, and the couple moved to Europe.[6][7] In the early 1880s Errázuriz was painted by John Singer Sargent in the Portrait de Madame Ramón Subercaseaux.

In the 1890s Errázuriz's family settled in Paris.[6] Errázuriz first visited the Middle East in December 1893, and again the following year alongside her older children.[6][12] Errázuriz's travel diaries from these visits were later published[13] as the Mis días de peregrinación en Oriente around 1930.[12][14] Errázuriz's family later left Patis and briefly returned to Chile, before settling in Berlin from 1898 to 1903.[6]

Return to Chile

Upon returning to Chile the family lived at the Urmeneta Palace in Santiago.[15] In 1906, the family moved to the Quinta de El Llano estate in Southern Santiago.[15]

In 1910, Errázuriz published her first book Roma del Alma which recounted her visit to the Vatican City.[12] On 10 July 1912, Errázuriz co-founded the Chilean Ladies League alongside Adela Edwards Salas and became the organisation's first president.[16] Errázuriz served as president until 1919.[11]

In 1920, Errázuriz co-founded the Women's Institute of Higher and Practical Studies (Spanish: Instituto Femenino de Estudios Superiores y Prácticos) with Carlos Casanueva at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile.[11][17]

Personal life

Errázuriz and Subercaseaux had ten[18] children[3][19] including:

In 1906, Errázuriz's daughter Maria died aged 13.[21][22] Through her daughter Blanca, Errázuriz was the grandmother of Francisco Valdés Subercaseaux, a Franciscan friar and Prelate, and Gabriel Valdés, a politician, lawyer and diplomat.[23][24]

On 8 March 1930 Errázuriz died in Barcelona, aged 69.

Bibliography

  • Errázuriz de Subercaseaux, Amalia (1909–1910). Roma del Alma (in Spanish). Rome, Italy: Imprimerie de l'Unione cooperativa editrice.
  • Errázuriz de Subercaseaux, Amalia (1931). Nuestra Santa Iglesia Católica (in Spanish).[12]
  • Errázuriz de Subercaseaux, Amalia. La bienaventurada Ana María Taigi: hija, esposa y madre ejemplar (in Spanish).[25]

Unpublished

  • Errázuriz Urmeneta, Amalia (1925). Cuaderno de familia (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile.[26]

References

  1. Back to citation Ramírez Errázuriz, Verónica (21 March 2018). "Amalia Errázuriz de Subercaseaux". Christian-Muslim Relations Online 2. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISSN 2451-9537; Amaro, Lorena (December 2014). "Escritoras Peregrinas: Viajes hacia la Patria del Alma". Revista Diálogos (in Spanish). 8. Santiago, Chile: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Retrieved 21 March 2026; CAE (17 January 2025). "AMALIA ERRAZURIZ URMENETA:UNA MUJER OCULTADA POR LA HISTORIA". Colegio Amalia Errazuriz (in Spanish). Ovalle, Chile. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  2. Back to citation Valenzuela, J. Samuel; Valenzuela, Erika Maza (2000). "The Politics of Religion in a Catholic Country: Republican Democracy, Cristianismo Social and the Conservative Party in Chile, 1850–1925". In Ivereigh, Austen (ed.). The Politics of Religion in an Age of Revival: Studies in Nineteenth-Century Europe and Latin America. London: Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London. pp. 188–223. ISBN 978-1-900039-32-1. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  3. Back to citation occurrence 3.0 Back to citation occurrence 3.1 "The Catholic Woman's Home Page: A Distinguished Chilean Family". The Canadian Register. Quebec, Canada. 6 June 1912. p. 6. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  4. Back to citation Ramírez Errázuriz, Verónica (21 March 2018). "Amalia Errázuriz de Subercaseaux". Christian-Muslim Relations Online 2. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISSN 2451-9537; "Reseña Biográfica Maximiano Errázuriz Valdivieso". Reseñas biográficas parlamentarias (in Spanish). Valparaíso: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. Retrieved 21 March 2026; González Valencia, Andrés J. (2014). "Urmeneta, un vecino de Limache que dejó huellas". Boletín histórico de la Sociedad de Historia y Geografía de Chile (in Spanish). 11 (3). Quilpué, Chile: La Sociedad de Historia y Geografía de la Provincia de Marga-Marga: 133–136. ISSN 0719-2754. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  5. Back to citation "Reseña Biográfica Francisco Javier De Errázuriz Aldunate". Reseñas biográficas parlamentarias (in Spanish). Valparaíso, Chile: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. Retrieved 20 March 2026; "Eulogia Echaurren García-Huidobro". Primeras Damas de Chile (PDF). Chile: Centro de Estudios Históricos Forenses. 2012. pp. 55–58. ISBN 978-956-7620-21-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2026; "Reseña Biográfica Federico Errázuriz Zañartu". Presidentes de la República de Chile (in Spanish). Valparaíso, Chile: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. Retrieved 20 March 2026.
  6. Back to citation occurrence 6.00 Back to citation occurrence 6.01 Back to citation occurrence 6.02 Back to citation occurrence 6.03 Back to citation occurrence 6.04 Back to citation occurrence 6.05 Back to citation occurrence 6.06 Back to citation occurrence 6.07 Back to citation occurrence 6.08 Back to citation occurrence 6.09 Ramírez Errázuriz, Verónica (21 March 2018). "Amalia Errázuriz de Subercaseaux". Christian-Muslim Relations Online 2. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISSN 2451-9537.
  7. Back to citation occurrence 7.0 Back to citation occurrence 7.1 Back to citation occurrence 7.2 "Reseña Biográfica Ramón Subercaseaux Vicuña". Reseñas biográficas parlamentarias (in Spanish). Valparaíso: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  8. Back to citation González Valencia, Andrés J. (2014). "Urmeneta, un vecino de Limache que dejó huellas". Boletín histórico de la Sociedad de Historia y Geografía de Chile (in Spanish). 11 (3). Quilpué, Chile: La Sociedad de Historia y Geografía de la Provincia de Marga-Marga: 133–136. ISSN 0719-2754. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  9. Back to citation Ramírez Errázuriz, Verónica (21 March 2018). "Amalia Errázuriz de Subercaseaux". Christian-Muslim Relations Online 2. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISSN 2451-9537; González Valencia, Andrés J. (2014). "Urmeneta, un vecino de Limache que dejó huellas". Boletín histórico de la Sociedad de Historia y Geografía de Chile (in Spanish). 11 (3). Quilpué, Chile: La Sociedad de Historia y Geografía de la Provincia de Marga-Marga: 133–136. ISSN 0719-2754. Retrieved 21 March 2026; "Reseña BiográficaRafael Valentín Errázuriz Urmeneta". Reseñas biográficas parlamentarias (in Spanish). Valparaíso, Chile: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. Retrieved 4 May 2026.
  10. Back to citation Ramírez Errázuriz, Verónica (21 March 2018). "Amalia Errázuriz de Subercaseaux". Christian-Muslim Relations Online 2. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISSN 2451-9537; González Valencia, Andrés J. (2014). "Urmeneta, un vecino de Limache que dejó huellas". Boletín histórico de la Sociedad de Historia y Geografía de Chile (in Spanish). 11 (3). Quilpué, Chile: La Sociedad de Historia y Geografía de la Provincia de Marga-Marga: 133–136. ISSN 0719-2754. Retrieved 21 March 2026; Bergot, Solène (21 August 2018). "Infancia y cultura material: el caso de la elite de Santiago de Chile en el cambio del siglo xix al siglo xx" [Childhood and Material Culture: The Case of the Elite in Santiago, Chile in the Transition from the 19th to the 20th Century]. Secuencia (in Spanish) (spe): 153–176. doi:10.18234/secuencia.v0i0.1661. ISSN 0186-0348. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  11. Back to citation occurrence 11.0 Back to citation occurrence 11.1 Back to citation occurrence 11.2 Back to citation occurrence 11.3 Sánchez Gaete, Marcial (2011). Moreno Jeria, Rodrigo (ed.). Historia de la Iglesia en Chile. Tomo III: Los nuevos caminos: la Iglesia y el Estado (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Editorial Universitaria. pp. 218–219. ISBN 9789561123502.
  12. Back to citation occurrence 12.0 Back to citation occurrence 12.1 Back to citation occurrence 12.2 Back to citation occurrence 12.3 Amaro, Lorena (December 2014). "Escritoras Peregrinas: Viajes hacia la Patria del Alma". Revista Diálogos (in Spanish). 8. Santiago, Chile: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  13. Back to citation Without a date. Amaro, Lorena (December 2014). "Escritoras Peregrinas: Viajes hacia la Patria del Alma". Revista Diálogos (in Spanish). 8. Santiago, Chile: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  14. Back to citation "Mis días de peregrinación en Oriente". Biblioteca Digital UChile (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Universidad de Chile. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  15. Back to citation occurrence 15.0 Back to citation occurrence 15.1 "Exploración de Obra: En la quinta de El Llano". Colección de Pinturas del Banco Central de Chile. Banco Central de Chile. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  16. Back to citation "The Catholic Woman's Home Page: A Distinguished Chilean Family". The Canadian Register. Quebec, Canada. 6 June 1912. p. 6. Retrieved 21 March 2026; Donoso, Eliana Jara; Villarroel, Mónica (2013). Gaines, Jane; Vatsal, Radha; Dall’Asta, Monica (eds.). "Women in Chilean Silent Cinema: The Trace of the Feminine in Chilean Silent Era". Women Film Pioneers Project. New York, NY: Columbia University Libraries. Retrieved 21 March 2026; Valenzuela, J. Samuel; Valenzuela, Erika Maza (2000). "The Politics of Religion in a Catholic Country: Republican Democracy, Cristianismo Social and the Conservative Party in Chile, 1850–1925". In Ivereigh, Austen (ed.). The Politics of Religion in an Age of Revival: Studies in Nineteenth-Century Europe and Latin America. London: Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London. pp. 188–223. ISBN 978-1-900039-32-1. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  17. Back to citation El 40 Aniversario Universidad Católica (PDF) (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile. 1929. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  18. Back to citation Also cited as six. "Reseña Biográfica Ramón Subercaseaux Vicuña". Reseñas biográficas parlamentarias (in Spanish). Valparaíso: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  19. Back to citation "Chilenos: Doña Amalia Errázuriz de Subercaseaux [manuscrito] [Gabriela Mistral]". Archivo del Escritor (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Biblioteca Nacional Digital de Chile. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  20. Back to citation Later annulled by the Pope so that both could join religious orders
  21. Back to citation "Maria Auxilima Subercaseaux [birth record]". État-Civil 1792–1902 (in French). Paris, France: Archives de Paris. 1893.
  22. Back to citation "Maria Subercaseaux Errazuriz [death record]". Chile, Civil Registration, 1885–1903 [database on-line] (in Spanish). Santiago, Recoleta, Defunciones 1906. Lehi, Utah: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 1906.
  23. Back to citation Griffin, Verónica (27 April 2018). "Monseñor Francisco Valdés Subercaseaux su labor artística". Humanitas (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  24. Back to citation "Reseña Biográfica Gabriel Valdés Subercaseaux". Reseñas biográficas parlamentarias (in Spanish). Valparaíso: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
  25. Back to citation CAE (17 January 2025). "AMALIA ERRAZURIZ URMENETA:UNA MUJER OCULTADA POR LA HISTORIA". Colegio Amalia Errazuriz (in Spanish). Ovalle, Chile. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  26. Back to citation Bergot, Solène (21 August 2018). "Infancia y cultura material: el caso de la elite de Santiago de Chile en el cambio del siglo xix al siglo xx" [Childhood and Material Culture: The Case of the Elite in Santiago, Chile in the Transition from the 19th to the 20th Century]. Secuencia (in Spanish) (spe): 153–176. doi:10.18234/secuencia.v0i0.1661. ISSN 0186-0348. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
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