David Paul Drach

David Paul Drach
Portrait of David Paul Drach by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Portrait of David Paul Drach by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
Born	6 March 1791 Strasbourg, France
Died	January 1868 (aged 76) Rome, Papal States (now Italy)
Occupation	Librarian

David Paul Drach (6 March 1791 in Strasbourg – January 1868 in Rome) was a Catholic convert from Judaism, and librarian of the College of Propaganda in Rome.

Life

Drach received his first instruction at the hands of his father, a noted Hebraist and Talmudic scholar and rabbi. At the age of twelve, Drach entered the first division of the Talmudic school in Edendorf near Strasbourg. This course of study, lasting ordinarily for three years, he completed in one year, and entered the second division of the Talmudic school in Bischheim the following year. He graduated in eighteen months and then matriculated in Westhofen to qualify as a teacher of the Talmud. When only sixteen years of age he accepted the position of instructor in Rappoltsweiler, remaining there three years; afterwards he followed the same profession in Colmar.

Here the youth devoted himself to the study of secular sciences to which he had already seriously applied himself during his Talmudic studies. Having obtained the rather unwilling permission of his father, in 1812 he went to Paris, where he received a call to a prominent position in the Central Jewish Consistory and at the same time fulfilled the duties of tutor for the children of Baruch Weil. The results of his method of teaching induced the Catholic families of Louis Mertien and Bernard Mertien to entrust their children to his care. This may have had some influence on his subsequent conversion. He writes: "Stirred by the edifying examples of Catholic piety continually set before me to the furtherance of my own salvation, the tendency towards Christianity, born in earlier life, acquired such strength that I resisted no longer."

Drach had already begun the study of Greek and Latin so as to become acquainted with the Christian doctrines in their original sources. He now applied himself studiously to patristic theology and specialized in the study of the Septuagint in order to investigate reports the Alexandrian translators had been unfaithful to the original Hebrew. These studies resulted in his unquestioned belief in the divinity and Messiahship of Jesus Christ. On Maundy Thursday, 1823, he renounced Judaism in the presence of Archbishop Quélen, at Notre-Dame de Paris, was baptized the following (Holy) Saturday, and on Easter morning received his first Holy Communion and the Sacrament of Confirmation. Two daughters and an infant son were also baptized. His two daughters entered the order of Notre Dame de Charité du Bon Pasteur d'Angers and his son became an ecclesiastic, and a distinguished Biblical scholar. In 1817, Drach married Sara Deutz, the daughter of Judith Bermann and Rabbi Emanuel Deutz, Chief Rabbi of Paris. According to Nikolaus Scheidm writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, Sara Drach, the only member of the family who remained Jewish, is reported to have abducted the children. They were returned, however, after two years from London to France.

After a few years Drach went to Rome, where he was appointed librarian of the Propaganda (1827), which office he held at his death. His conversion apparently inspired others, including the Libermann brothers; Francis Libermann was especially grateful to Drach for his advice and assistance in the establishment of the "Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary" (1842), which soon merged with the older "Holy Ghost Fathers" (1848).

Published works

• Lettres d'un rabbin converti aux Israélites, ses frères (Paris, 1825)
• Bible de Vence, with annotations (Paris, 1827–1833) in 27 volumes octavo.
• He remodelled the Hebrew-Latin Dictionary of Gesenius
• Catholic Hebrew-Chaldaic dictionary of the Old Testament (ed. Migne, Paris, 1848)
• Du divorce dans la synagogue (Rome, 1840);
• Harmonie entre l'église et la synagogue (Paris, 1844). There is a Spanish translation
• La Cabale des Hébreux (Rome, 1864).

From the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia

David Paul Drach — Convert from Judaism, b. at Strasburg, 6 March, 1791; d. end of January, 1868, at Rome. Rosenthal's "Convertitenbilder" (III, 48) prefaces the autobiography of Drach with the following words: "The conversion of this learned Jewish proselyte is undoubtedly one of the most important conversions effected by the grace of God during this century in France and became the source of salvation to many of his coreligionists." This conversion, affecting one who enjoyed the highest esteem as an author and a learned rabbi, produced a most profound impression on all active and earnest minds of the rising generation, and incited them to the study of the more serious problems of life. His endeavours to lead his coreligionists to the living fountain of truth, to the acknowledgment of Jesus as the real and true Messias, crystallized in numerous writings and were blessed by God. Herein lies the net result of this scholar's conversion.

Drach received his first instruction at the hands of his father, a renowned Hebraist and Talmudic scholar, whose linguistic talents the son inherited. At the age of twelve Drach entered the first division of the Talmudic school in Edendorf near Strasburg. This course of study, lasting ordinarily for three years, he completed in one year, and entered the second division of the Talmudic school in Bischheim in the following year. He graduated in eighteen months and then matriculated in Westhofen to qualify as a teacher of the Talmud. When only sixteen years of age he accepted the position of instructor at Rappoltsweiler, remaining there three years; afterwards he followed the same profession in Colmar. Here the ambitious youth devoted himself zealously to the study of secular sciences to which he had already seriously applied himself while prosecuting his Talmudic studies. Having obtained the rather unwilling permission of his father, he went to Paris, where he received a call to a prominent position in the Central Jewish Consistory and at the same time fulfilled the duties of tutor in the household of a distinguished Jew. The marked results of his method of teaching induced even Christian families to entrust their children to his care. It was under these circumstances that he received the first impulse towards a change of his religious views which ultimately resulted in his conversion. He writes: "Stirred by the edifying examples of Catholic piety continually set before me to the furtherance of my own salvation, the tendency towards Christianity, born in earlier life, acquired such strength that I resisted no longer." He now applied himself studiously to patristic theology and specialized in the study of the Septuagint with a view towards ascertaining the truth of the unanimous reproach of the Fathers, viz. that the Jews had falsified the Hebrew text. These studies resulted in his unquestioned belief in the Divinity and Messiahship of Jesus Christ. On Maundy Thursday, 1823, he renounced Judaism in the presence of Archbishop Quélen, in Paris, was baptized the following (Holy) Saturday, and on Easter morning received his first Holy Communion and the Sacrament of Confirmation. Two daughters and an infant son were also baptized. His wife, the only member of the family who adhered stanuchly to the old faith, abducted the children. They were returned, however, after two years.

After a few years Drach went to Rome, where he was appointed librarian of the Propaganda (1827), which office he held at his death. Among the many converts who trace their conversion to the influence of Drach's example are the Libermann brothers; Franz Maria Paul Libermann was especially indebted to Drach for his sound advice and active assistance in the establishment of the "Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary". Of Drach's numerous writings the following deserves particular mention: "Lettres d'un rabbin converti aux Israélites, ses frères" (Paris, 1825). He also published the "Bible de Vence", with annotations (Paris, 1827- 1833) in 27 volumes octavo. He remodelled the Hebrew-Latin Dictionary of Gesenius, and published a Catholic Hebrew-Chaldaic dictionary of the Old Testament (ed. Migne, Paris, 1848). He wrote, moreover, "Du divorce dans la synagogue" (Rome, 1840); "Harmonie entre l'église et la synagogue" (Paris, 1844); and "La Cabale des Hébreux" (Rome, 1864).

Paul Augustin Drach

Son of the preceding; born 12 August, 1817; died 29 October, 1895; canon of Notre-Dame and exegete of importance. He studied at the Propaganda College in Rome and was ordained priest there in 1846. We owe to him a large French Bible commentary (La Sainte Bible, Paris, 1869) in which he himself wrote on the Pauline Epistles (1871), the Catholic Epistles (1879), and the Apocalypse (1879).

ROSENTHAL, Convertitenbilder, III, 48; GRUBEL in Kirchenlex., III, 2011; HURTER, Nomenclator; PITRA, Life of the Ven. Servant of God, Franz Maria Paul Libermann, Ger. tr. MÜLLER (Stuttgart, 1893).

N. SCHEID