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Earl of Arundel

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Earldom of Arundel
subsidiary of the
Dukedom of Norfolk
since 1660
Arms of Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk and 29th or 36th Earl of Arundel. The fourth quarter, Gules a Lion rampant Or, Armed and Langued Azure, is inherited from the Fitzalan Earls of Arundel.
Arms of Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk and 29th or 36th Earl of Arundel. The fourth quarter, Gules a Lion rampant Or, Armed and Langued Azure, is inherited from the Fitzalan Earls of Arundel.
Creation date c.1138 (first creation)
1289 (possible second creation)
Created by Henry II (first creation)
Edward I (possible second creation)
Peerage Peerage of England
First holder William d'Aubigny
Present holder Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
Heir apparent Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel
Status Extant
Seats Arundel Castle
Carlton Towers

Earl of Arundel is a title of nobility in England, and one of the oldest extant in the English peerage. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and it is used (along with the earldom of Surrey) by his heir apparent as a courtesy title.

History

The earldom was created in 1138 or 1139[1] for the French baron William d'Aubigny. Its origin was the earlier grant by Henry I to his second wife, Adeliza of Louvain, of the forfeited honour of Arundel, which included the castle and a large portion of Sussex. After his death, she married William, who thus became master of the lands, and who from about the year 1141 is variously styled earl of Sussex, of Chichester, or of Arundel. His first known appearance as an earl is at Christmas 1141.[2] Until the mid-13th century, the earls were also frequently known as Earl of Sussex, until this title fell into disuse. At about the same time, the earldom fell to the originally Breton FitzAlan family, a younger branch of which went on to become the Stuart family, which later ruled Scotland and England.

A tradition arose that the holder of Arundel Castle should automatically be Earl of Arundel, and this was formally confirmed by King Henry VI. The Earl of Arundel's Dignity and Style Act 1627 (3 Cha. 1. c. 4 Pr.) confirmed this designation, and retrospectively applied the earldom to the lords of Arundel, some authorities holding that the earldom stretched back to the reign of Richard I (specifically 1189).[3] However, this designation was not always followed. Some of the lords of Arundel were never addressed as earls during their lifetimes, but nevertheless are counted and numbered as earls here. Other sources may not include some of the earls listed below, and may consider the earldom to have been created more than once.

In his 1834 book on the earls of Arundel, M. A. Tierney (chaplain to the duke of Norfolk) maintains that the first incarnation of the earldom was with the House of Montgomery. Roger of Montgomery, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury was one of William the Conqueror's top generals, and William bestowed on him, amongst several hundred other manors, the property at Arundel, with the charge to fortify it with a castle. Montgomery is believed to have built the motte that survives to this day, and is thought to have built a wooden keep on it, overlooking the river Arun. Montgomery and two of his sons are counted by many as being the first incarnation of the earldom, but are often not counted amongst the earls.

In 1580 the 12th Earl, and last FitzAlan to hold the title, died without a male heir. His daughter Mary FitzAlan had married the attainted 4th Duke of Norfolk, and the title passed to their son, Philip Howard, before he too was attainted for treason in 1589.[4] The earldom of Arundel was restored to his son Thomas following the accession of King James I.[5] The 5th Earl of Arundel, the 5th Howard to hold the title, was restored to the principal Howard title of Duke of Norfolk in 1660,[6] and the title has descended with that dukedom ever since.

In 1842, by royal warrant, Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk and 13th Earl of Arundel, and his siblings, assumed the surname FitzAlan-Howard, used by the family line to today.[7]

First creation (c. 1138)

Second creation (1289)

Third creation (1580)

Thereafter the earldom of Arundel has been held by the dukes of Norfolk. The 18th Duke of Norfolk (18th earl) is the current holder.

The heir apparent is Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey (b. 1987). Next in line of succession are Arundel's brothers, Lords Thomas and Philip Fitzalan-Howard.

Family tree

References

  1. Back to citation Cokayne & Gibbs 1910, pp. 233–234.
  2. Back to citation occurrence 2.0 Back to citation occurrence 2.1 Round 1911, p. 705.
  3. Back to citation "The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: extant, extinct, or dormant". pp. Volume 1, p. 239 and footnote b on p. 231, as corrected by Vol. 14, p. 38. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
  4. Back to citation Cokayne & Gibbs 1910, pp. 252–253.
  5. Back to citation Round 1911, p. 706.
  6. Back to citation cracoftspeerage.co.uk 5th Duke of Norfolk Archived 23 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  7. Back to citation cracoftspeerage.co.uk 14th Duke of Norfolk Archived 23 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Back to citation Suppe, Frederick (2004). "Fitzalan, John (II) (1223–1267), baron". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9531. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  9. Back to citation occurrence 9.0 Back to citation occurrence 9.1 Fryde et al. 1996, p. 449.
  10. Back to citation Cokayne & Gibbs 1910, p. 240.
  11. Back to citation Cokayne & Gibbs 1910, pp. 240–241.
  12. Back to citation Tout, T.F. & Saul, Nigel (2004). "Fitzalan, Richard, first earl of Arundel (1267–1302), magnate and soldier". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9533. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)

Bibliography

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