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Francisco Ureña Navas

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Francisco Ureña Navas
Born Francisco Ureña Navas
1871
Torredonjimeno, Spain
Died 1936 (aged 64–65)
Madrid, Spain
Occupations lawyer, publisher
Known for publisher, poet
Political party Integrism, Carlism

Francisco de Paula Ureña Navas (1871–1936) was a Spanish publisher and poet. He was a longtime owner and manager of the Jaén daily El Pueblo Católico (1893–1932) and animated also other, minor and short-lived provincial periodicals. He published one poetic volume, though his numerous poems were scattered across local press titles. As a poet he was recognized mostly in his native Jaén, partially thanks to his own verses and partially thanks to his role as leader of an informal poetic and cultural circle, known as "El Madroño". As a zealous Traditionalist he advanced intransigent Catholicism. Politically throughout most of his life he supported the Integrist cause, in the 1930s amalgamated in the re-united Carlist structures.

Family and youth

There is almost nothing known about Ureña's distant ancestors; they were of condición humilde and formed part of the east-Andalusian peasantry.[1] His father, Juan José Ureña Ortega, was agricultural worker in Torredonjimeno, a rural municipality in the Jaén province; he married María del Rosario Navas Colomo, a girl of the same, humble status.[2] The couple settled in Torredonjimeno. None of the sources provides information how many children they had.[3] In his native Santa María parish Francisco was noted as a talented boy; local clergy arranged with the hierarchy that he received financial support, enabling him to commence secondary education.[4] According to some authors he initially studied in a seminary, graduating in theology and canon law.[5] According to others he frequented Liceo de Granada, where his master was Juan de Dios de la Rada y Delgado.[6] At unspecified time, though probably in the mid-1880s, Ureña enrolled at the University of Seville, pursuing two paths. In law he majored as doctor, while in philosophy and letters he obtained the licenciatura;[7] he also befriended some literary personalities, like the future director or Real Academia Española, Francisco Rodríguez Marín.

In the early 1890s Ureña returned to Jaén, where he assumed teaching duties in Colegio de Santo Tomás, the local educational establishment run by the religious. His subject was retórica, poética y literatura; one of his disciples was Antonio Alcalá Venceslada, and it was reportedly Ureña who discovered his talent.[8] It is not clear how long he was employed in the college; the last known information listing Ureña among the teaching staff comes from the school year of 1898/1899.[9] In 1899 he commenced work for another religious institution, namely the diocese of Jaén;[10] he became "notario mayor",[11] later noted as "notario eclesiástico";[12] this would be the position held for decades to come.[13]

In 1904 Ureña married Josefa Ortega de Torres, his distant relative from the Ortega family.[14] Before he was widowed[15] the couple had one child, María Josefa.[16] He then re-married with Socorro Mantilla de los Ríos y Mantilla (b. 1893)[17] from Antequera,[18] descendant to the aristocratic Andalusian lineage which for generations has been holding the title of marqués de Casa Saavedra. Her paternal grandfather was the 8. marqués,[19] though her father did not inherit the title and served as administrative official. None of the sources consulted provides any insight as to the background of such socially unequal marriage; they first lived in Jaén,[20] and later at their estate El Madroño near Martos, the olive-rich municipality.[21] In the union with Socorro Ureña had 4 sons (Francisco,[22] José,[23] Carlos,[24] Juan[25]) and 3 daughters (Socorro,[26] Rosario and Milagros[27]).[28] His first daughter María Josefa died at 15 years of age in 1922,[29] José passed away as one-year-old child in 1925.[30] The oldest son Francisco was killed by Republican militia together with the father during early days of the war in Madrid;

two remaining sons were killed by the revolutionaries in Martos.[31] Socorro Ureña Mantilla married a Carlist politician, Jesús Elizalde y Sainz de Robles.[32]

Publisher

In 1893 Ureña was engaged in launch of El Pueblo Católico, a Jaén-based bi-weekly.[33] According to some sources he was the key man behind the enterprise,[34] according to others it was rather Emilio Mariscal Mendoza, who financed the launch and became the first director.[35] Exact Ureña position in relation to El Pueblo during first decades of its lifetime is in doubt; numerous sources present him as spiritus movens, yet it remains unclear whether he was the owner or the co-owner of the title. Though the periodical bore no sub-title, it boasted of approval by ecclesiastic censorship;[36] in terms of political line it clearly represented Integrism, the most intransigent and extreme current within Spanish Right. From the onset it adhered to ultra-Catholic unyielding standpoint, by historians categorized as "esencialmente dogmático" and marked by "extremismo".[37] Though in 1909 it converted into a daily[38] (according to some sources in 1910),[39] El Pueblo remained "periódico secundario dentro del panorama periodístico"[40] with circulation of some 1,500 copies.[41] Periodically Ureña acted as the director,[42] yet the holders of this role changed frequently.[43] Despite this, the daily remained on the market and in 1917 celebrated its 25th anniversary, proud to "be faithful to the line set in 1893".[44]

Commercially things took the turn for the better in the late 1910s, when El Pueblo "acquired solid stand";[45] at the time Ureña was its sole owner and again its director.[46] In the mid-1920s the daily was selling in 3,000 copies[47] and employed 24 people;[48] it also grew in size from 4 to 6 pages. At the time it already "dominated the informative panorama" of Jaén[49] and during long spells it was the only daily published in the provincial capital, at the time the 35,000-people city.[50] The 1920s was also the period when El Pueblo - and, by this token, also Ureña - exercised the greatest influence in the province. Politically the daily retained its Integrist "increíble reaccionarismo" and lambasted the Primo dictatorship as "liberalism in disguise";[51] however, there were no repressive measures undertaken by the regime.

Things changed in 1931, following the advent of the Republic.[52] Already in May El Pueblo was suspended for criticism of Fernando de los Ríos;[53] another suspension came in August 1932, after the Sanjurjada. Ureña did not step back; scholars note that El Pueblo "adhered to grandiloquent tone, convinced of its exclusive ownership of truth", adopted messianic and apocalyptic features, pursued "dogmatismo a ultranza" and constantly recycled phrases about "Catholic ranks", "crusade of the lay", "sursum corda y adelante" and "Soviet tyranny".[54] In 1932 appearance of the conservative La Mañana added to Ureña's problems, aggravated by constant conflicts with the UGT-unioned print workers.[55] Eventually, in 1932 he sold El Pueblo to Bernardo Ruiz Cano, yet after 40 years it disappeared from the market in 1933. In 1935 the Carlist publishing house tried to resume publication, but in 1935 they settled for a new daily, Eco de Jaén; according to some sources, Ureña co-operated with the daily, managed by Melchor Ferrer.[56]

Poet

In the late 1890s Ureña was exchanging correspondence with Marcelino Menendez Pelayo, seeking his opinion and advice on own poetry and translations,[57] but none of his works from this period is known.[58] However, his works were present in the Integrist space, as in 1899 José Lamamie de Clairac recited Ureña's poetry in Salamanca.[59] In 1904 he won juegos florales in Seville[60] and the same year his poem was read at Asamblea de Buena Prensa in Madrid.[61] Though at the time his only published works were rhymes scattered across local Catholic periodicals,[62] in the early 1910s some referred to Ureña as "el distinguido literato"[63] and in 1911 his poems were included in anthology, prepared by Alfredo Cazabán Laguna.[64] In 1915 he again won juegos florales, this time in Jaén;[65] in the late 1910s Ureña prologued literary works of other Jaén-based writers.[66]

The first volume Ureña published was a religious drama Por fuerza del amor (Madrid 1920).[67] Then came a collection of poetry Hojas y flores (Madrid 1921), prologued by Francisco Rodríguez Marín.[68] The first went unnoticed, the second was acknowledged by few Madrid titles.[69] Reviews were rather positive; one critic underlined harmony, "recia inspiración y puro casticismo" and humble but noble tone,[70] another one stressed freshness and delicate elegance,[71] and one more saw smooth rhyme, serene tone, delicacy and color.[72] However, there was no follow up; since then Ureña presented his poetry only in local[73] and national periodicals[74] or during cultural events, e.g. during a 1923 fiesta literaria in Seville, where every Andalusian province was represented by one poet; he stood for Jaén.[75]

Though a poet himself, Ureña is also known as the moving spirit behind a circle of local poets, who met at literary evenings in his rural residence and after its name became informally known as grupo literario El Madroño.[76] Ureña emerged as their leader and sort of a mentor,[77] especially that most[78] were much younger: Luis Carpio Moraga (b. 1884), Francisco Blanco Nájera (b. 1889), Vicente Montuno Morente (b. 1898), Manuel Mozas Mesa (b. 1898) and Bernardo Ruiz Cano (b. 1909).[79] He prologued some of their publications.[80] It is due to his own production and influence on others - especially that some would emerge as notable figures in the world of Spanish literature - that Ureña is dubbed "un nombre importante en el panorama poético [of Jaén] del primer tercio del siglo XX".[81]

Ureña's poetry did not make it to history of Spanish literature and he is absent in all literary encyclopedias or dictionaries,[82] except these dedicated to Andalusia[83] or Jaén;[84] he earned one monographic article[85] and might be mentioned en passant in broader works.[86] His poetry - and to some extent also this of the "El Madroño" - is described as deliberately anti-modern, as they remained "enemigos encarnizados del modernismo" who "pugnaban pacifícamente" against new styles and motives. He remained on purpose and against all odds traditional; saturation with patriotic,[87] historic and especially Catholic threads was intended as counter-proposal to "modelos modernos" of literature.[88]

Activist, official

Across decades Ureña remained active animating various cultural events, organizations, and institutions in Jaén. The first such case was recorded in 1894, when he co-organized a workers' pilgrimage to Rome; he would later issue recollections from Italy in the last volume he published, Recuerdos de Roma (1925); it was printed by his daily El Pueblo Catolico.[89] Similar social flavor marked his activity in Sociedad católico-literaria de Amigos de los pobres in Torredonjimeno, operational in the mid-1890s.[90] At the turn of centuries he co-managed Ateneo Escolar Científico y Literario in Jaén;[91] unlike most Ateneos in Spain, which propagated the liberal blueprint,[92] this one remained zealously Catholic. In the 1910s and 1920s he took part in events organized by local Catholic organizations, like Juventud Católica.[93] Ureña was noted as "asiduo colaborador" of the Jaén cultural magazine, Don Lope de Sosa. Also, in the 1920s he co-launched two more periodicals, La Provincia in Úbeda[94] and El Eco Marteño in Martos,[95] though both proved short-lived.[96] Ureña's activities nationwide were usually related to so-called buena prensa, the association of Catholic newspapers and periodicals promoted by the hierarchy and aimed against the liberal press. In 1924 and as socio protector[97] he took part in Asamblea de Prensa Católica in Toledo.[98] He became a member-correspondent of the Real Academia Española de la Lengua,[99] yet neither the entry date nor the work which gained him entry are known; it might have been related to his loose translations of ancient authors (e.g. Horace) from Latin.[100]

Since the early 20th century Ureña was listed among "mayores contribuyentes", major taxpayers, in Martos;[101] in 1909 he became a lay judge in Partido Judicial de Martos.[102] Since the 1910s as a lawyer he kept performing various clerk jobs in the Martos ayuntamiento,[103] including also in juridical proceedings;[104] such cases are recorded throughout the 1920s.[105] Since the early 1910s and on the on-and-off basis he served also as councilor in the Martos town hall.[106] In 1923 he was nominated hijo adoptivo of Jaén, the honor conferred upon him during a ceremony in the El Madroño estate.[107] it would soon turn into Ureña's only residence, as in 1927 he sold his house in Jaén, purchased by the council to be turned into a post office.[108] In 1927 Ureña was nominated president of the Jaén provincial Tribunal Tutelar para Niños,[109] a corrective institution for juvenile offenders set up by Ministerio de Gracia y Justicia, and in this role he was recorded until the fall of the dictatorship.[110] Apart from having been noted on societé columns,[111] in the local press he was also mentioned as active co-organizing homages to locally recognized personalities,[112] assuming various minor official jobs in the ayuntamiento,[113] or performing auxiliary juridical roles during dictablanda in 1930.[114] During local elections of April 1931, which eventually triggered collapse of the monarchy and the advent of the Republic, he fielded his candidature but failed to renew his self-government ticket.[115]

Politician

Ureña's ascendants were Carlists, by no means unusual following among peasant population in Torredonjimeno;[116] Francisco inherited Traditionalist outlook. It is unclear whether during the 1888 breakup, which produced emergence of the Integrists, it was his father or the 17-year-old Ureña he opted for the breakaways; in Torredonjimeno their leader was Juan Montijano Molina.[117] In the 1890s Ureña was signing open letters, published in the chief Integrist daily El Siglo Futuro,[118] and El Pueblo Católico adhered to most strict Integrist line.[119] At the time local Jaén Integrists and Carlists were bitter enemies; the latter complained that their daily, El Norte, failed due to "conspiración íntegro-conservadora".[120] Later during the decade he used to take part in rallies hailing the Integrist leader Ramón Nocedal, e.g. in 1899 in Seville,[121] yet none of the sources consulted provides information on him holding formal roles in Integrist party structures, be it in Jaén or Andalusia. Seldom his poems appeared in El Siglo Futuro.[122]

Following the end of liberal democracy and institutionalization of the Primo dictatorship Ureña retained low political profile. In the mid- and late 1920s he was at times mentioned by the primoderiverista bulletin Patria, issued in Jaén; he featured as engaged in various initiatives of Unión Patriótica, yet there is no confirmation he joined either UP or Somatén himself. Though Integrism remained mostly accidentalist, he demonstrated some monarchist sympathies.[123] In 1930 he represented the province of Jaén in nationwide Integrist structures, re-born after the fall of Primo.[124] Shortly before collapse of the monarchy, in April 1931, he appeared at public rallies of Acción Católica,[125] yet it is not clear whether in local elections he ran for the ayuntamiento on the list of AC or this of any other organization.

In 1931-1932 and following 44 years of secession (1888-1932), the Integrists re-united with Carlism in the mainstream Traditionalist organization, Comunión Tradicionalista. At the time Ureña was just selling El Pueblo Católico and the daily did not have the chance to speak either for or against the merger. In 1933 he was assaulted when driving a car from Jaén to El Madroño; the stone hit him in the face and he had to undergo medical treatment; initially papers speculated that it was a non-political case of vandalism, but later it was taken as a mark of growing social tension in Martos.[126] In 1934 he was already aligned within the Carlist framework, e.g. he took part in religious service in Madrid held for the soul of Marcelino Oreja, the Carlist killed during the October 1934 revolution.[127] In 1935 he represented the Carlists in Bloque Nacional, a monarchist alliance, and presided over its provincial Junta Directiva in Jaén, with Melchor Ferrer another Carlist member of the body.[128] It is not clear why he was in Madrid during the July coup of 1936;[129] he was made to dig his own grave before declaring ¡Viva Cristo Rey! when shot together with his son.[130] His estate was expropriated few weeks later.[131]

See also

References

  1. Back to citation Manuel Fernández Espinosa, Un intelectual católico asesinado en 1936: Francisco de Paula Ureña Navas, [in:] Desde Mi Campañario service 25.08.18, available here
  2. Back to citation Fernández Espinosa 2018
  3. Back to citation apart from Francisco, the only one known is his brother Prudencio, Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 15.08.03, available here
  4. Back to citation Fernández Espinosa 2018
  5. Back to citation Manuel López Pérez, La Asociación de la prensa de Jaén (1911-2011). Apunte histórico, Jaén 2011, p. 54
  6. Back to citation Fernández Espinosa 2018
  7. Back to citation Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana, vol. LXV, Madrid 1966, pp. 1418-1419
  8. Back to citation Manuel María Morales Cuesta, Antonio Alcalá Venceslada, [in:] Senda de los Huertos 32 (1993), p. 79
  9. Back to citation Anuario de la Institución de Santo Tomás de Jaén, Jaén 1898, p. 5
  10. Back to citation Manuel Fernández Espinosa, La poesía en Jaén: D. Francisco de Paula Navas y el grupo literario ‘El Madroño’, [in:] Giennium 11 (2008), p. 198
  11. Back to citation Anuario de la Institución de Santo Tomás de Jaén, Jaén 1898, p. 5
  12. Back to citation El Diario 20.04.04, available here
  13. Back to citation he was at times referred to as "abogado", El Pueblo Católico 05.04.07, p. 7; it is not clear whether he ran his own law office, or whether this refers to his practice for the diocese
  14. Back to citation Patria [Jaén] 25.04.29, p. 2
  15. Back to citation Manuel Fernández Espinosa, Tres cartas de D. Francisco de Paula Ureña Navas a D. Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo, [in:] El Blog de Cassia service 15.07.14; elblogdecassia.blogspot.com/2014/07/cartas-de-un-tosiriano-don-marcelino.html is blocked by WP
  16. Back to citation El Siglo Futuro 01.10.25, available here
  17. Back to citation Socorro Mantilla de los Ríos y Mantilla de los Ríos entry, [in:] Geneanet service, available here
  18. Back to citation Roberto Gómez Bastida, El Círculo de El Madroño: Literatos tradicionalistas del Santo Reino de Jaén (y III), [in:] La Esperanza service 04.10.22, available here
  19. Back to citation Carlos Mantilla de los Ríos y Valderrama, compare Socorro Mantilla de los Ríos y Mantilla de los Ríos entry, [in:] Geneanet service, available here
  20. Back to citation they lived at calle Muñoz Garnica 5, very close to the Cathedral, Fernández Espinosa 2014
  21. Back to citation no municipality in the world produces more olive oil than Martos, Daniel Ceped, Ni Bailén ni Pozoblanco: este es el pueblo que más aceite de oliva produce del mundo y está en España, [in:] As 20.11.24, available here
  22. Back to citation Francisco de Paula Ureña Mantilla de los Ríos (?-1936) already in 1932 was publishing some pieces in periodicals, compare El Siglo Futuro 27.01.32, available here
  23. Back to citation El Siglo Futuro 14.08.25, available here
  24. Back to citation Carlos Ureña Mantilla in 1930 was about to pass bacclaureate exams, El Siglo Futuro 22.04.30, available here
  25. Back to citation Juan Ureña Mantilla was a boarder at the Jesuit college in Villafranca de los Barros; once the Republican legislation delegalised the Jesuits, Juan followed the transferred college to Estremoz in Portugal, El Defensor de Cordoba 26.08.33, available here
  26. Back to citation she died in 2010, ABC 20.11.10, available here
  27. Back to citation born 1922, died 1990, ABC 04.03.90, available here
  28. Back to citation Socorro Mantilla de los Ríos y Mantilla de los Ríos entry, [in:] Geneanet service, available here
  29. Back to citation which plunged the father into deep depression, see the obituary note about "la ángelica señorita", published 3 years after her death, El Siglo Futuro 01.10.25, available here
  30. Back to citation El Siglo Futuro 14.08.25, available here
  31. Back to citation one press note claimed they were killed on September 27, 1937, Pueblo 25.09.40, available here. The date must by typo, as official prints claimed September 27, 1936, compare Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 24.05.40, p. 852, also Antonio Carmona Navas, Escenas de violencia política y represión durante la Guerra Civil y la posguerra en la Campiña de Jaén [PhD thesis Universidad de Jaén], Jaén 2020, p. 360. Both men, Carlos and Francisco, had their licenciado titles confirmed 2 months earlier, Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 27.07.36, p. 6
  32. Back to citation ABC 20.11.10, available here l
  33. Back to citation issued on Mondays and Thursdays
  34. Back to citation Juan Manuel Matés Barco, Las empresas periodísticas durante la II República: el discurso polítivo y económico de tradicionalismo giennense, [in:] Boletin del Instituto de Estudios Giennenses 145 (1992), p. 99
  35. Back to citation Antonio Checa Godoy, Historia de la prensa en Jaén. 1808-2012, Jaén 2016, p. 70
  36. Back to citation one historian claims that when editing the daily, Ureña was heavily assisted by the Jesuits, José Luis Agudín Menéndez, El Siglo Futuro. Un diario carlista en tiempos republicanos (1931-1936), Zaragoza 2023, ISBN 9788413405667, p. 143. The claim is based on speculation; its author also confused the son, Francisco Ureña Mantilla, and the father, Francisco Ureña Navas
  37. Back to citation Checa Godoy 2016, p. 210
  38. Back to citation Matés Barco 1992, p. 100
  39. Back to citation Aurelio Valladares Reguero, Diccionario biográfico de la Provincia de Jaén, vol. IV, Ubeda 2012, p. 249
  40. Back to citation Checa Godoy 2016, p. 70
  41. Back to citation Checa Godoy 2016, p. 126
  42. Back to citation e.g. in 1907 he was noted as "ex-director", El Pueblo Católico 07.06.07, p. 3, but is known to have assumed the again post later, e.g. for 1928 see Don Lope de Sosa December 1928, p. 369
  43. Back to citation in 1898 it was José de Gregorio y Tejada, in 1905-1907 Fernando Fernández Morales, in 1907-1909 José Valladar Serrano and in 1909 Clemente Santamarina Muñoz, Checa Godoy 2016, pp. 101, 126
  44. Back to citation "sigue fiel a la línea iniciada en 1893", quoted after Checa Godoy 2016, p. 126
  45. Back to citation "poco a poco adquiriendo solidez", Checa Godoy 2016, p. 70
  46. Back to citation Don Lope de Sosa December 1928, p. 369
  47. Back to citation Matés Barco 1992, p. 100
  48. Back to citation including editorial staff, workers in own printing facilities, and other employees, Checa Godoy 2016, p. 182
  49. Back to citation "domina el panorama informativo del período, y desde luego el de los diarios", Checa Godoy 2016, p. 182
  50. Back to citation Checa Godoy 2016, p. 181
  51. Back to citation Checa Godoy 2016, p. 182
  52. Back to citation "su oposición a la República (1931) le ocasionó serios problemas (suspensión temporal, multas...)", Valladares Reguero 2012, p. 249
  53. Back to citation one author claims that Ureña suspended the daily himself fearing assault, Agudín Menéndez 2023, p. 231
  54. Back to citation "adquiere un tono grandilocuente, convencido de su exclusiva verdad, que en ocasiones deriva hacia el mesianismo, adoptando tintes apocalípticos, muy propios del momento. Monótonos, reiterativos adoptando como única argumentación el dogmatismo a ultranza, o recurriendo con asiduidad a la interpretación histórica para fundamentar sus respectivas ideas. Sus palabras más utilizadas alternan la significación religiosa y la beligerante", Matés Barco 1992, p. 101
  55. Back to citation Checa Godoy 2016, p. 205
  56. Back to citation Roberto Gómez Bastida, El Círculo de El Madroño: Literatos tradicionalistas del Santo Reino de Jaén (II), [in:] La Esperanza service 03.10.22, available here
  57. Back to citation unfortunately only Ureña's letters have survived, and it is not known what Menendez Pelayo though about his literary production, Manuel Fernández Espinosa, Tres cartas de D. Francisco de Paula Ureña Navas a D. Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo, [in:] El Blog de Cassia service 15.07.14, available here
  58. Back to citation El Pueblo printed numerous poems and some might be of his authorship, though published under pen-names see e.g. a religious poem Acto de amor, dedicated to Virgin Mary and published in El Pueblo of December 8, 1893, p. 5; it was signed "U." (some of his contributions are signed "F. de P. U.", compare El Pueblo Catolico 07.03.98). The only pieces identified are literary reviews in El Ideal Conservador, see El Ideal Conservador 24.06.98, p. 22
  59. Back to citation La Semana Catolica de Salamanca 13.05.99, available here
  60. Back to citation El Diario 20.04.04, available here
  61. Back to citation La Cruz 05.06.04, available here
  62. Back to citation compare e.g. Don Lope de Sosa 30.06.15, p. 6
  63. Back to citation Don Lope de Sosa 30.09.14, p. 32
  64. Back to citation Alfredo Cazabán Laguna (ed.), Poetas y poesías (Florilegio), Granada 1911; another anthology was Enrique Vázquez de Aldana, Mil cuarenta y tres poetas españoles en 1.043 sonetos (in manuscript)
  65. Back to citation El Liberal (Ubeda) 29.05.15, p. 3
  66. Back to citation see Manuel Mozas Mesa, El heroísmo de Elena (Jaén 1916), and Luis Carpio Moraga, Alma española. Poesías (Madrid 1918)
  67. Back to citation full title Por fuerza del amor. Drama en tres actos y en verso (Madrid 1920). There is no confirmation that it has ever been staged
  68. Back to citation Francisco de Paula Ureña, Hojas y flores. Rimas diversas, Madrid 1921
  69. Back to citation ABC 25.12.21, El Universo 14.07.22, Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos 4/1922, Literatura Hispano-Americana 7/1922
  70. Back to citation opinion of Adolfo Chercoles Vico, Literatura hispano-americana 107 (1922), available here
  71. Back to citation opinion of R.G.D., El Universo 14.07.22, available here
  72. Back to citation Luis Carpio Moraga, Poetas ilustres. Francisco de P. Ureña, [in:] Don Lope de Sosa 112/4 (1922), pp. 99- 106
  73. Back to citation Don Lope de Sosa 112/4 (1922)
  74. Back to citation La Prensa 15.05.23, available here
  75. Back to citation Alvaro Romero, La poesía andaluza contra el independentismo catalán, [in:] El Correo de Andalucia service 08.10.23, available here
  76. Back to citation details in Fernández Espinosa 2008
  77. Back to citation Manuel Fernández Espinosa, La doctrina tradicionalista de la expiación, [in:] MovimientoRaigambre service 27.11.13, available here
  78. Back to citation personal friends rather than members of "El Madroño" were Eugenio Molina Ramírez de Aguilera (1856-1927) and Ildefonso Vargas López (1870-1947)
  79. Back to citation Manuel Fernández Espinosa, El descubrimiento de Francisco de Paula Ureña Navas, [in:] Blog de Cassia service 21.10.09, available here, also Gómez Bastida 2022
  80. Back to citation Ureña Navas wrote prologues to their poetic volumes published, see Manuel Mozas Mesa, El heroísmo de Elena (Jaén 1916), Luis Carpio Moraga, Alma española. Poesías (Madrid 1918), Luis Carpio Moraga, La fuerza del amor (Jaén 1922), Eugenio Molinar R. de Aguilera, Horas de luz (Jaén 1925), and to novels: Ildefonso Varga López, Los sobrinos del beneficiado (Jaén 1924), Eufrasio Alcázar Anguita, La Senda de los Huertos (Jaén 1925)
  81. Back to citation Damaso Chicharro Chamorro, Panorama literario giennense, 1900-1960, [in:] Boletín del Instituto de Estudios Giennenses 204 (2011), p. 198
  82. Back to citation also these with poetry dealing of Jaén, compare Alfonso Sancho Sáez, Ma. Isabel Sancho Rodríguez, María Isabel Sancho Rodríguez, Poesía giennense del siglo XIX, Jaen 1991, ISBN 9788486843434
  83. Back to citation Enciclopedia General de Andalucía, vol. XV, Málaga 2004, ISBN 9788496337008, p. 6985, Gran Enciclopedia de Andalucía, vol. VII, Sevilla 1979, ISBN 8485622006, p. 3176
  84. Back to citation Aurelio Valladares Reguero, Diccionario biográfico de la Provincia de Jaén, Ubeda 2012, vol. IV, pp. 361-363, Enciclopedia General de Jaén, vol. VIII, Jaén 2008, ISBN 9788496337671, p. 2083
  85. Back to citation Fernández Espinosa 2008
  86. Back to citation Buendía López 1989, p. 1319
  87. Back to citation apart from hailing glorious Spanish deeds from the past, Ureña cultivated also traditional enmity towards the British, compare e.g. his ode Al Pueblo böer
  88. Back to citation Fernández Espinosa 2009
  89. Back to citation Fernández Espinosa 2018. The front page bears a note "nueva edicion", which suggests that the volume was first printed earlier
  90. Back to citation El Siglo Futuro 10.02.93, available here
  91. Back to citation María Isabel Sancho Rodríguez, La enseñanza, el 98 y Jaén, [in:] Senda de los Huertos 47-48 (1997), p. 277
  92. Back to citation Francisco Villacorta Baños, Los ateneos liberales. Política, cultura y sociabilidad intelectual, [in:] Hispania: Revista española de historia 63/214 (2003), pp. 415-442
  93. Back to citation El Guadalquivir [Andujar] 28.04.28, p. 2
  94. Back to citation Valladares Reguero 2012, p. 362
  95. Back to citation Valladares Reguero 2012, p. 361
  96. Back to citation Checa Godoy 2016, p. 195
  97. Back to citation which suggests that Ureña donated large sums of money, El Defensor de Cordoba 16.05.24, available here
  98. Back to citation Patria [Jaén] 05.01.29
  99. Back to citation Ureña (Francisco de Paula) entry, [in:] Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana, vol. LXV, Madrid 1929. pp. 1418-1419
  100. Back to citation compare his correspondence with Menendez Pelayo, Carta de Francisco de P. Urena a Marcelino Menendez Pelayo, [in:] Cervantes Virtual service, available here
  101. Back to citation Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 27.02.06, p. 4
  102. Back to citation Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 23.11.09, p. 4
  103. Back to citation e.g. he managed tenders, compare Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 12.11.12, p. 3
  104. Back to citation Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 15.01.14, p. 3
  105. Back to citation Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 24.05.27, p. 3
  106. Back to citation Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 22.11.13, p. 4
  107. Back to citation Don Lope de Sosa 126 (1923), p. 191
  108. Back to citation Patría [Jaén], 30.07.27, p. 6
  109. Back to citation Patria [Jaén], 17.11.27, p. 2
  110. Back to citation El Magisterio Español 19.07.29, available here
  111. Back to citation see Ecos de sociedad, [in:] Patria 11.01.27
  112. Back to citation e.g. the one to Saturnino Sánchez de la Nieta, a longtime dean of the Jaén cathedral, Patria [Jaén] 20.10.27, p. 2
  113. Back to citation Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 13.12.30, p. 17
  114. Back to citation Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 09.08.30, p. 20
  115. Back to citation Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 30.04.31, p. 4. One newspaper would later refer to him as "ex concejal cedista", see El Diario de Avila 23.07.36, available here. However, none of the sources consulted claims that he was a councillor during the Republic, while before 1931 CEDA did not exist. Also, it is not clear whether the reference is to him or to his son, also Francisco Ureña
  116. Back to citation "pertenecía a una de las muchas familias carlistas de Torredonjimeno", Fernández Espinosa 2009. Torredonjimeno was the native town of Miguel Gómez Damas, one of Carlist generals during the First Carlist War and commander of the 1836 raid, which ended at the gates of Madrid
  117. Back to citation Angel Aponte Marin, Un sector de las derechas giennenses a finales del siglo XIX: Emilio Mariscal y el integrismo, [in:] Senda de los Huertos 69-70 (2010), p. 159
  118. Back to citation e.g. protesting Lutheran facilities in the Cortes building, see El Siglo Futuro 10.02.93, available here
  119. Back to citation Checa Godoy 2016, p. 210
  120. Back to citation "una conspiración íntegro-conservadora, ha dejado de publicarse en Jaén el interesante periódico El Norte Andaluz, que ha venido prestando valiosos servicios a la causa católica", quoted after Checa Godoy 2016, p. 70; this was the claim raised by owner of the competitive, Carlist periodical, Lorenzo Sáenz y Fernández Cortina
  121. Back to citation El Noticiero Sevillano 22.04.99, available here
  122. Back to citation El Siglo Futuro 17.05.23, available here
  123. Back to citation e.g. when in 1929 he joined Junta Provincial of a committee, formed to build a monument to the late queen Maria Cristina, Patria [Jaén] 16.03.29, p. 1
  124. Back to citation together with Servando Cuadra and Vicente Motuno, El Siglo Futuro 20.03.30, available here
  125. Back to citation La Ciudad 04.04.31, available here
  126. Back to citation Las Provincias 17.10.33, available here, El Siglo Futuro 14.11.33, available here
  127. Back to citation El Siglo Futuro 09.10.34, available here
  128. Back to citation El Debate 16.06.35, available here
  129. Back to citation on July 23, 1936 the Avila newspaper, at the time controlled by the rebels, published a brief note that "Francisco Urena" was wounded in a knife assault in Torredonjimeno, see El Diario de Avila 23.07.36, available here. The note is puzzling, as it is believed that at the time Ureña was in Madrid, and likewise his son, also "Francisco Ureña"
  130. Back to citation Fernández Espinosa 2009
  131. Back to citation namely on September 16, 1936, Francisco Cobo Romero, La guerra civil y la represión franquista en la provincia de Jaén (1936-1950), Jaén 2009, ISBN 9788487115219, p. 173. One source claims that after the war it was purchased by the Rojas Montes family, Francisco Canales, El Cortijo El Madroño de Martos como momento clave en mi genealogía, [in:] Un rincón muy Canalístico service 17.10.14, available here. In 1944 a "fábrica de aceite de orujo" was re-opened in El Madroño by Manuel Rojas González, Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Jaén 23.03.44, p. 4. Now the estate is offering rental of premises for private or social events, but it also hosts Museo de Aceite Cortijo El Madroño; in history section it contains some information on Ureña Navas, compare Museo del Aceite, [in:] Cortijo El Madroño service, available here

Further reading

  • Antonio Checa Godoy, Historia de la prensa en Jaén. 1808-2012, Jaén 2016
  • Manuel Fernández Espinosa, La poesía en Jaén: D. Francisco de Paula Navas y el grupo literario ‘El Madroño’, [in:] Giennium 11 (2008), pp. 169–210
  • Luis Gómez López, Manuel Fernández Espinosa, Vidas de la Ibérica Tosiria. Personajes de Torredonjimeno que hicieron historia, Torredonjimeno 2007, pp. 79–80
  • Juan Manuel Matés Barco, Las empresas periodísticas durante la II República: el discurso polítivo y económico de tradicionalismo giennense, [in:] Boletin del Instituto de Estudios Giennenses 145 (1992), pp. 77–105
  • Aurelio Valladares Reguero, Diccionario biográfico de la Provincia de Jaén, vol. IV, Ubeda 2012, pp. 361–363
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