Ignatius Persico
| His Eminence Ignazio Persico O.F.M. Cap. | |
|---|---|
| Prefect of the Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics | |
| File:Cardinal Ignatius Persico.jpg | |
| Church | Roman Catholic Church |
| Appointed | 30 May 1893 |
| Term ended | 7 December 1895 |
| Predecessor | Luigi Sepiacci |
| Successor | Andreas Steinhuber |
| Other post | Cardinal-Priest of San Pietro in Vincoli (1893–95) |
| Previous posts | Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of Bombay (1854–56) Titular Bishop of Gratianopolis (1854–70) Vicar Apostolic of Agra (1856–60) Bishop of Savannah (1870–72) Titular Bishop of Bolina (1874–79) Coadjutor Bishop of Aquino (1878–79) Coadjutor Bishop of Pontecorvo (1878–79) Coadjutor Bishop of Sora (1878–79) Bishop of Aquino (1879–87) Bishop of Pontecorvo (1879–87) Bishop of Sora (1879–87) Titular Archbishop of Tamiathis (1887–93) Secretary of the Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith (1891–93) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 24 January 1846 by Gennaro Pasca |
| Consecration | 4 June 1854 by Anastasius Hartmann |
| Created cardinal | 16 January 1893 by Pope Leo XIII |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Pietro Persico 30 January 1823 Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies |
| Died | 7 December 1895 (aged 72) Rome, Kingdom of Italy |
| Buried | Campo Verano |
| Parents | Francesco Xaverio Persico Giuseppina Pennacchio |
Ignazio Camillo Guglielmo Maria Pietro Persico (30 January 1823 – 7 December 1895) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.[1]
He served multiple assignments, including as vicar apostolic, bishop, apostolic delegate to Ireland, and vicar of the Roman Colleges. He briefly served as the bishop of the Diocese of Savannah in Georgia in the United States from 1870 to 1873.
Early life
Ignazio Persico was born on 30 January 1823 in Naples, in the Kingdom of Italy. He entered the Capuchin Franciscan Order on 25 April 1839.
Priesthood
He was ordained into the priesthood in Naples for the Franciscan Order on 24 January 1846 by Bishop Gennaro Pasca.[2]
In November 1846, Persico was sent to Patna, in British India. Vicar Apostolic Anastasius Hartmann made him his socius and confidant. In 1850, Persico accompanied Hartmann to Bombay in what was then the Bombay Presidency of India. Persico was then transferred to the Apostolic Vicariate of Bombay. Persico assisted Hartmann in founding a seminary in Bombay and establishing the Bombay Catholic Examiner. In 1853, the Vatican was facing a schism among Portuguese and Indian priests in Goa, a small Indian colony of the Portuguese Empire. Bishop Hartmann sent Persico to Rome to discuss the problem with Pope Pius IX and then to London to do the same with the British Government.
Vicar Apostolic of Bombay and Agra
Persico was appointed on 8 March 1854 as coadjutor vicar apostolic for the Apostolic Vicariate of Bombay and Titular Bishop of Gratianopolis by Pius IX. Persico was consecrated by Hartmann on 4 June 1854.[2]
In 1855, Persico was appointed visitor of the Apostolic Vicariate of Agra in Agra, in British India. He was later named vicar apostolic of that district. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against British occupation forces, Persico was in danger several times, which caused his health to deteriorate. He wrote an eyewitness account of the events in Agra that was published in 1858.[3] Persico returned in 1860 to Italy to recover his health.
Later positions
In 1866, the Vatican sent Persico to the United States to perform mission work. While there, he participated in the Council of Baltimore.[1]
On 11 March 1870, Persico was appointed by Pius IX as bishop of the Diocese of Savannah in the Southern United States. However, Pius IX accepted his resignation from this position due to continuing health problems on 25 August 1872.
In 1874, Pius IX named Persico as titular bishop of Bolina and sent him to serve in Canada as an apostolic delegate. In 1877, he was sent back to India to settle a church schism.
Bishop of Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo
On 15 July 1878, Persico was appointed by Pope Leo XIII as coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo, in Italy. On 26 March 1879, he automatically became bishop of that diocese after the death of Bishop Paolo do Niquesa. On 5 March 1887, Persico resigned his post.[1]
Roman Curia
On 14 March 1887, Leo XIII promoted Persico to the Roman Curia and appointed him as titular archbishop of Tamiatha.
Leo XIII then sent Persico to serve as apostolic delegate to Ireland, then part of the United Kingdom, to evaluate the ties between the Irish clergy and the Irish nationalist movement.[1] Persico quickly realized that he needed to consider the history of Ireland in addition to the current politics and delayed his report to analyze it. At that time, the Irish National League was promoting the Plan of Campaign,[4] a political strategy to force British absentee landlords to lower the rents charged to financially-strapped Irish tenant farmers.
On 23 April 1888, before Persico could complete his report, the Congregation of the Holy Office declared its opposition to the Plan of Campaign and condemned the use of boycotting by Irish activists.[5] In June 1888, Leo XIII was issued the encyclical "Saepe Nos", reinforcing and defending the condemnation. According to the author Edward Purcell, the ruling was a surprise and disappointment for Persico:
"The promulgation of the Papal Rescript, condemning boycotting and the Plan of Campaign as grave offences against the moral law, took Mgr. Persico as much by surprise as it did Cardinal Manning; for both he and the Papal Delegate confidently expected that, in accordance with their joint suggestions, the condemnation of the immoral methods of the League would have been pronounced not directly by the Holy See, but by the Irish Episcopate."[6]
His mission in Ireland terminated, Persico returned to Rome much disappointed. He later commented,
"I had no idea that anything had been done about Irish affairs, much less thought that some questions had been referred to the Holy Office, and the first knowledge I had of the decree was on the morning of the 28th April, when I received the bare circular sent me by Propaganda. I must add that had I known of such a thing I would have felt it my duty to make proper representations to the Holy See".[7]
On 16 January 1893, Persico was created cardinal priest[1][8] of the title of St. Peter in Chains.[9]
Death and legacy
Persico died in Rome on 7 December 1895 and was buried at the Church of Propaganda Fide, Campo Verano Cemetery.[1]
See also
- Catholic Church hierarchy
- Catholic Church in the United States
- Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States
- List of Catholic bishops of the United States
From the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia
Ignatius Persico — A cardinal, born 30 Jan., 1823, at Naples, Italy; died 7 Dec., 1896. He entered the Capuchin Franciscan Order on 25 April, 1839. Immediately after ordination he was sent in November, 1846, to Patna, India. The vicar Apostolic, Anastasius Hartmann, made him his socius and confidant. In 1850 Persico accompanied Bishop Hartmann to Bombay, when he was transferred to that vicariate, and assisted him in founding a seminary and establishing the "Bombay Catholic Examiner". At the time of the Goanese schism in 1853, the bishop sent Persico to Rome and London to lay the Catholic case before the pope and the British Government. He obtained British recognition for Catholic rights.
He was consecrated bishop on 8 March, 1854, and nominated bishop-auxiliary to Bishop Hartmann; but the next year he was appointed visitor of the Vicariate of Agra, and afterwards vicar Apostolic of that district. During the Indian Mutiny he was several times in danger of his life. The anxieties of this period told upon his health and in 1860 he was compelled to return to Italy. Sent in 1866 on a mission to the United States, he took part in the Council of Baltimore. On 20 March, 1870, he was nominated Bishop of Savannah; but his health again failing, he resigned in 1873. In 1874 he was sent as Apostolic delegate to Canada; and in 1877 he was commissioned to settle the affairs of the Malabar schism. On 26 March, 1879, he was appointed Bishop of Aquino in Italy; but in March, 1887, he was promoted to the titular Archbishopric of Tamiatha and sent as Apostolic delegate to Ireland to report upon the relations of the clergy with the political movement. He quickly saw that the question must be considered not merely in relation to present politics but also in relation to the past history of Ireland, and he delayed his final report in order to consider the question in this broader aspect. Meanwhile the Holy See issued its condemnation of the Plan of Campaign. Persico returned to Rome much disappointed. He was at once nominated Vicar of the Vatican Chapter. On 16 January, 1893, he was created cardinal priest of the title of St. Peter in Chains.
Analecta Ord. Min. Capp., XII, 30-32; see also letters of PERSICO in United Irishman (23 April, 1904).
References
- Back to citation occurrence 1.0 Back to citation occurrence 1.1 Back to citation occurrence 1.2 Back to citation occurrence 1.3 Back to citation occurrence 1.4 Back to citation occurrence 1.5 Florida International University, Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church website, Biographical Dictionary of Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903), Consistory of January 16, 1893 (XVIII)
- Back to citation occurrence 2.0 Back to citation occurrence 2.1 "Ignazio Camillo Guglielmo Maria Pietro Cardinal Persico [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
- Back to citation Flora, Giuseppe (1993). "An Italian Missionary Narrative of the Indian Mutiny". Studies in History. new. 9 (2): 265–78. doi:10.1177/025764309300900206. S2CID 162296737.
- Back to citation Dictionary of Irish Biography website, Parnell, Charles Stewart
- Back to citation New Advent website, Boycotting
- Back to citation Purcell, Edward Sheridan (1896). Purcell, Life of Cardinal Manning, Archbishop of Westminster. Vol. II. London: MacMillan. p. 624.
- Back to citation McDonnell on Home Rule (1908) page 104-108
- Back to citation ""The Right Reverend Ignatius Persico, D.D.", The Roman Catholic Diocese of Savannah". Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- Back to citation StudyLight website, Ignatius Persico