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Luke Wadding

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Venerable
Luke Wadding
OFM
Carlo Maratta, Luke Wadding ( National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin )
Carlo Maratta, Luke Wadding ( National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin )
Personal details
Born 16 October 1588
Waterford, Kingdom of Ireland
Died 18 November 1657 (aged 69)
Rome, Papal States
Buried Sant'Isidoro a Capo le Case
Denomination Roman Catholicism
Parents Walter Wadding and Anastasia Wadding (née Lombard)
Occupation friar, historian and theologian
Sainthood
Venerated in Roman Catholic Church

Luke Wadding O.F.M. (16 October 1588 – 18 November 1657), was an Irish Franciscan friar, theologian, and historian.

Life

Early life

Wadding was born on 16 October 1588 in Waterford to Walter Wadding of Waterford, a wealthy merchant,[1] and his wife, Anastasia Lombard (a blood relation of Peter Lombard, Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of Ireland). Educated at the school of John Flahy in Waterford, he departed from Ireland in 1604 and entered the Irish College in Lisbon, which was supervised by the Jesuit Irish mission. Later that year, Wadding joined the Franciscan friars at Matosinhos, near Porto, before studies in philosophy and theology at Porto, Leiria, and Lisbon. From 1609 until 1613, Wadding completed his studies at the University of Coimbra.[2]

Franciscan friar

In 1613, Wadding was ordained to the priesthood by João Manuel de Ataíde, Bishop of Viseu. The ordination took place at Viseu Cathedral, north of Coimbra. Thereafter, Wadding returned to Leiria, before he arrived at the University of Salamanca, where he became professor of theology.[3] In 1618, Philip III of Spain sent Wadding to Rome with a theological legation in defence of the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. This mission was led by Wadding's friend, Antonio de Trejo, Franciscan bishop of Cartagena. Wadding participated in proceedings between the Spanish legation and the Roman Curia in 1618 and 1619. He also conducted research at the libraries and archives of Rome and, from 1619 until 1624, he lived at the Roman friary of San Pietro in Montorio. During this time, Wadding began to publish his extensive studies.[4]

In the spring of 1625, Benignus de Genoa, the Franciscan minister general, offered Wadding a new unfinished church and small friary on the Pincian hill in the city. Wadding accepted and the college opened for the education of Franciscans for the mission to Ireland on 13 June, the feast of St Anthony of Padua. The first professors were Friar Antaine Ó hÍceadha of a renowned learned family of hereditary physicians from Thomond, Friar Patrick Fleming from County Louth, Friar John Punch from Cork, Friar Gaspar de la Fuente from Toledo, and Friar Martin Walsh from Waterford. Wadding gave the college a library of 5,000 printed books and 800 manuscripts. The library holdings at St. Isidore's were predominantly historical, which reflected almost forty years of preparation for Wadding’s Annales Minorum. The original collections also consisted of theology and philosophy, patristics, sacred writing, canon law and art. The books were carefully organised and classified with catalogues of the names of authors and works.[5]

Wadding served as the Irish bishops' agent in Rome and brought to print the first edition of Annales Minorum in eight volumes. This monumental work marked him out as the best of Franciscan chroniclers. It set the standard for the history of a religious order, accounting for the foundation and development of Franciscan friaries over four centuries; the contacts between friars and their benefactors; and the activities of religious superiors.[6]

According to his nephew, Bonaventure Barron, Wadding received several votes from cardinals in a conclave for a papal election. In 1684, Barron explained: qui etiam in Conclavi, aliquot Cardinalium suffragio pro summon Pontificatu accepit; denique Authori nostro avunculus.[7]

Wadding was an enthusiastic supporter of the Irish Catholics during the Irish Confederate Wars, and his college became the strongest advocate of the Irish cause in Rome. This spirit of patriotism originated by Wadding had a lasting impact. Wadding sent officers and arms to Ireland, and induced Pope Innocent X to send Giovanni Battista Rinuccini there.[8] The Confederate Catholics petitioned Pope Urban VIII to make Wadding a cardinal, but he found ways to intercept the petition, and it remained in the archives of the college.[8]

Luke Wadding was an important art patron. He commissioned artworks for St. Isidore's church in Rome. The painters Andrea Sacchi and Carlo Maratti were among the most famous artists commissioned by Wadding.[9]

Death

Wadding died on 18 November 1657 at the age of 69 and is buried in the church of the College of San Isidore, in Rome. His life was written by his nephew, Francis Harold, a Franciscan friar from Limerick. Bonaventure Barron of Clonmel, Co. Tipperary, was another nephew.[10]

Legacy

Together with Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi Wadding founded the Ludovisian College for Irish secular clergy, which later became the Pontifical Irish College. In the late nineteenth century, following the unrest of the Risorgimento, ongoing interest from scholars in Ireland led the friars at St Isidore’s to obtain permission from the Franciscan minister general to assign Irish manuscripts to Dublin.[11] In 1900, Wadding's portrait and part of his library were in the Franciscan friary on Merchant's Quay, Dublin. Through Wadding's efforts, St Patrick's Day became a feast day.[12] It took years for it to develop and until the twentieth century for St. Patrick's Day parades to occur in his native Ireland, while the first organised celebration in America took place in the eighteenth century in cities like Boston and New York. Today, parades occur in faraway places like Russia and Japan.[13] Amid all the celebrations, most Irish today do not know about the "Waterford man who created St. Patrick's Day."[13]

Prior to the 1950s, when work began on a new critical edition, the Wadding edition of the works of Duns Scotus was the most complete version of the thought of the Subtle Doctor available to scholars.[14] The work was compiled in 1639, when Wadding was in Rome, and updated in the 1890s.[15] While containing a number of spurious works, as of 2021, with the new Vatican edition of Scotus yet to be completed, the Wadding edition remains a well-judged and influential collection.

In the 1950s, a statue of Wadding by Gabriel Hayes was erected on the Mall in Waterford, adjacent to Reginald's Tower and one of the city's most prominent locations. The Waterford-born Franciscan's literary, academic and theological attributes were denoted by a quill pen held poised in the statue's right hand. More recently this statue was replaced by one of Thomas Francis Meagher. The figure of Luke Wadding was moved to a position at the entrance to the French Church, Waterford on Greyfriars.[16]

In 2000, the Waterford Institute of Technology dedicated a new library building to his name.[17]

Works

A voluminous writer, his chief work was the Annales Minorum in eight folio volumes (1625–1654). Re-edited in the eighteenth century, it is the classical work on Franciscan history. The third edition was published in thirty-two volumes from 1931 until 1964, bringing the historical record up to the year 1680. He published his Scriptores ordinis minorum, a bibliography, hagiography and martyrology of Franciscan writers, the Opera omnia of Duns Scotus, and the first collection of the writings of St Francis of Assisi.[18]

In his lifetime, Wadding oversaw the publication of works at nine locations in France, the Habsburg Netherlands, Italy, Spain and Austria. In chronological order, these were Douai, Rome, Antwerp, Louvain, Vienna, Mons, Lyon, Madrid and Viterbo.

  • Annales Minorum, in eight volumes (1625–54)
  • Duns Scotus in twelve volumes (1639, fol.)
  • πρεσβεία [Presbeia] published at Louvain (1624)
a treatise on the Spanish legation to Rome in defence of the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. The doctrine of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin, the works of Duns Scotus, and the history of the Franciscan order were Wadding's favourite subjects of study.
  • De Hebraicæ linguæ origine, præstantia, et utilitate
Wadding's essay is prefixed to the concordance of the Hebrew scriptures of Mario di Calasio, which Wadding prepared for the press in 1621.[8]

See also

From the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia

Luke Wadding — Historian and theologian, born at Waterford, Ireland, 16 October, 1588; died at St. Isidore's College, Rome, 18 November, 1657.

I. Birth and Education

He was the son of Walter Wadding, a citizen of eminence, and Anastasia Lombard, a near relation of Peter Lombard, Archbishop of Armagh. He was the eleventh of fourteen children and was baptized on the feast of St. Luke. Many members of his family distinguished themselves in their various careers. His brother Ambrose, the Jesuit, taught philosophy with applause at Dillingen, Bavaria, where he died in the flower of his age. His cousins Richard Wadding, the Augustinian, and Peter and Michael Wadding, Jesuits, shed lustre on their respective orders. He was brought up piously by his excellent parents, who, Harold tells us, required all their children, boys and girls, when able to read, to recite daily the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin, and, at stated times, the Penitential psalms with the litanies and orations, the Office of the Dead, and other prayers contained in the so-called minor breviary of Pius V, then much in use among Catholics in Ireland. At the age of thirteen he had already acquired a good knowledge of the Classics, and had learned to write Latin, prose and verse, with facility. The excellence of his early classic training shows out through all his writings. He lost both parents at the age of fourteen, but his brother Matthew took charge of his education and put him to study philosophy. He read logic and part of physics in Ireland, and then entered the Irish seminary at Lisbon, prosecuting his studies under the Jesuits. After six months he left the seminary to enter the novitiate of the Friars Minor in the Convent of the Immaculate Conception at Matozinhos, near Oporto. Having made solemn profession and received minor orders in 1605, his superiors sent him to Leyria, the house of studies, to specialize in Scotistic philosophy for two years. Richard Synott, of Wexford, companion of Wadding's novitiate and studies, and afterwards Guardian of S. Isidore's, Rome, died a martyr in Ireland at the hands of the soldiers of Cromwell. Wadding read theology at Lisbon, and then for three years at Coimbra, hearing in this latter place Didacus Limadensis, O.F.M., at the College of S. Bonaventure, and Suarez and Ægidius a Praesentatione, O.S.A., at the university. The Benedictine monk Leo a S. Thoma bears witness to the great talents he displayed (see Harold, "Vita", c.v.). Ordained priest in 1613 and commissioned to preach, he showed himself a perfect master not only of rhetorical art but of the Portuguese and Castilian languages. He commenced in 1613 to draw up a sylva or commonplace-book of quotations from the Scripture, the Fathers, the lives of the saints, etc., which is still preserved in two large volumes of manuscript in the archives in the order at Merchant's Quay, Dublin. After a brilliant academic display at Lisbon during a provincial chapter, Antony a Trejo, the vicar-general of the order, sent him to Salamanca for fuller opportunities. Here he mastered Hebrew, composed his work on the origin and excellence of that tongue, and was assigned the chair of theology in the College of St. Francis.

II. Embassy to Rome

He filled the office of professor till 1618, when, though only in his thirtieth year, he was chosen by Philip III for the office of theologian in the embassy which Philip was then sending to Paul V to promote the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. Antony a Trejo, Bishop of Cartagena, who, as vicar-general of the order, had been Wadding's patron and admirer, was the legate-extraordinary appointed for the purpose. Leaving the Court of the Catholic King on 1 October, 1618, the embassy reached Rome on 17 Dec. In search of materials for the work entrusted to him, as well as for his other studies. Wadding spent whole days in the libraries of Rome, visiting also those of Naples, Assisi, Perugia, and other cities. The composition of the more important vota of the legate, the preparation of the pleadings before the pope, and the solution of the theological difficulties devolved in great measure on him. He has given us the history of the embassy in his "Acta legationis", a succinct and objective statement of the proceedings and of the theological issues demanding solution. At this time we find him in close correspondence with the exiled Archbishop of Tuam, Florence Conry, to whom he sent a manuscript copy of his "Acta" to Louvain. In May, 1620, the legate returned to his diocese in Spain, but Wadding was ordered to remain in Rome to assist the new chargé d'affaires. While the commission lasted he was its accredited theological adviser. Philip IV, in a gracious letter, thanked him profusely for his services in this connection. The three opuscula on the redemption, baptism, and death of the Blessed Virgin (1655 and 1656), were written as contributions to the question before the commission.

III. Literary Activity

But Wadding's activity was not confined to the work of the embassy. His predominating idea for a long time had been to vindicate the name of his order by rescuing from oblivion the memory of the men who had rendered it illustrious in every age. The publication of their writings and the recording of their deeds he considered the best answer to those who charged the order and its founder with being professionally opposed to learning. He found an ardent and effective supporter in the general for the time being, Benignus a Genoa, who in 1619 by encyclical letters to the whole order ordained that suitable men should be told off in each province to transcribe and forward to Rome all documents bearing on the history of the order. The materials thus accumulated were handed over to Wadding. The most distinguished of the collaborators referred to were Bartholomew Cimareli and Jacobus Polius, the former working in the archives and libraries of northern and central Italy, the latter in those of Germany.

As a first instalment Wadding published in 1623 at Antwerp a complete and annotated edition of the "Writings of St. Francis" was in course of preparation, Marius a Calasio, a learned Franciscan, died in Rome, leaving unpublished four large tomes of a Hebrew concordance, besides a Hebrew grammar and dictionary. Wadding undertook the publication, being able, through the munificence of Paul V, to establish for the purpose a printing-press with Hebrew type at the Convent of Ara Coeli. To this work, which was considered at the time a valuable contribution to Biblical knowledge, he prefixed his own essay "De hebraicae linguae origine, praestantia et utilitate ad ss. litterarum interpretes", which he had composed at Salamanca. About the same time he undertook the publication of the works of Angelo del Paz, a friar of great learning who died in the odour of sanctity some twenty years before in the convent of Montorio. The first tome appeared in 1623, being Angelo's commentaries on the Gospel of St. Mark; the commentaries on the Gospel of St. Luke followed in 1625 and 1628, with the promise of two other volumes which, however, never saw the light. In 1624 he issued in one volume the "Concordance of St. Antony of Padua" and the "Promptuarium morale" of an anonymous Irish Franciscan, probably Thomas Hibernicus, adding ample marginal notes of his own. In this same year (1624) there appeared at Vienna, but under another name, Wadding's account of the martyrdom at Prague of fourteen Friars Minor, put to death for the Faith by the Bohemian heretics. Hieronymus Strasser, to whom the author sent his manuscript with a view to certain corrections, published the whole under his own name: Wadding himself, who gives Strasser a place among the "Scriptores", gives us at the same time the true genesis of the German friar's work. It was also in this year (1624) that he published his "Legatio Philippi III et IV".

In 1625 he issued at Madrid his "Apologeticum de praetenso monachatu augustiniano S. Francisi", in refutation of the theory that the founder of the Friars Minor had been an Augustinian. The third edition (Lyons, 1641) contains the author's response to Thomas Herera, a learned Augustinian. The singular theory has not since been broached. At the desire of Urban VIII, Wadding undertook in 1630 to correct and edit, in collaboration with Victoreli and Ughelli, the "Lives of the Popes and Cardinals" by Alphonsus Ciacconius. Other minor publications were: a "Life of Bl. Peter Thomas, Patriarch of Constantinople" (Lyons, 1637); a corrected an annotated edition of the metrical "Life of St. James della Marchia" by John Petrucci, Archbishop of Tarentum (Lyons, 1641); an edition of the "Oculus moralis" of Joannes Guallensis, O.F.M. (which had hitherto attributed to Raymundus Jordanus, Canon Regular of St. Augustine); an edition of the "Collection of saying and deeds of celebrated Philosophers" and of the treatise "De Sapientia sanctorum", by the same writer (Rome, 1655); a "Life of St. Anselm", Bishop of Lucca, from materials which the author had come across in his studies on the pontificate of Gregory VII (Rome, 1657); an edition, on a new plan, of the "Summa casuum" of Emanual Rodericus, brought out at Salamanca when the editor had just completed his theological studies (1616); "Epigrammata pia", a collection of Latin verses and inscriptions composed by Wadding when professor at Salamanca, and published by Francis a Susa, ex-general of the order, in his "Sanctorale seraphicum" (Salamanca, 1623). Marraccio (ap. Joan, a S. Antonio) refers to the publication by Wadding of a tractate, "De scandalis in controversia Immaculatae Conceptionis", and Sbaralea (Supp.) mentions a posthumous work on the Jansenists, published in 1696. Finally, the author himself in his "Scriptores" mentions among his published writings "Officia plurima, praesertim lectiones II Noct., Sanctorum Ecclesiarum tum in Hispania, Germanica, Bohemia, Hungaria", etc.- liturgical officer written in his capacity of consultor to the S. Congregation of Rites.

But Wadding's fame as a writer and a critic rests chiefly on his monumental edition of Scotus, on the "Scriptores", and, above all, on the "Annales ord. minorum". In 1639 he published at Lyons a complete edition of the writings of the Subtle Doctor, in 16 volumes, having devoted four years to the proximate preparation. He corrected the text throughout according to the best manuscripts and earliest impressions, inserted everywhere critical notes and learned scholia, and enriched the edition with the commentaries of MacCaughwell, Hickey, Lychetus, Ponce, and others. It was a colossal undertaking, and would alone have immortalized his name. His life of John Duns Scotus, which is prefixed to the first volume, appeared separately in 1644. The "Scriptores ord. minorum" he published in 1650 in one folio volume. It is an alphabetical list of the writers of the Seraphic Order with a syllabus of their works. It still holds its place, along with the "Supplementum" of Sbaralca, as the standard work on the subject. A new edition by Dr. Nardecchia of Rome is now nearing completion. But Wadding's greatest literary achievement was the "Annales ord. minorum", a history of the Franciscan Order from its foundation. Eight volumes appeared between 1625 and 1654, bringing the work down to 1540. Two other volumes were to appear, but death intervened. He closed the eighth tome with the words: "suspenso calamo illud unum agam quod potissimum necesarium est: animae scilicet procurandae totus incmbam". This great work, which critics, worthy of the name, have never ceased to extol, has placed its author in the foremost rank of ecclesiastical historians. To say that the work is free from defects would be to demand for it more than is given to man to accomplish. Considering the magnitude of the undertaking and that the author's work was, largely, the work of a pioneer, it must be acknowledged to be a compilation of exceptional accuracy. The strictures of those critics who find "serious chronological errors" and a "want of accuracy and scientific method" in the Annals are hardly borne out by a close study of the work itself. "Only those who have consulted the Annals hundreds and thousands of times", writes Holzapfel (Geschichte des Franziskanerordern 582), "can appreciate its true worth." Wadding has had several official continuators of the "Annales", but all of them vastly inferior to himself, the author of Volume XIX being perhaps an exception.

Besides the works he had succeeded in publishing, Wadding had projected various others, for which he left a considerable amount of material. Among them were the following: history of Popes Clement VIII, Leo XI, Paul V, Gregory XV, and Urban VIII, and of the cardinals created by them; an edition of the rarer works of Franciscan writers; the Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland (from which project he withdrew owing to the impossibility at that time of obtaining necessary documents from Ireland); a volume of his own letters; the Acts of all the Chapters General of the order (in which work he was anticipated by Michael Angelo of Naples, who began the publication of the "Chronologia historicolegalis" in 1650); a history of all the bishoprics of the Universal Church; and an exposition of the Rule of St. Francis. Our admiration at the activity displayed in so many works increases as we recall the circumstances under which he wrote. His daily occupations, says his biographer, were so numerous that most of his literary work was done in the quiet hours between sundown and midnight. He himself, in his preface to Vol. VI of the "Annales", writes: "In solo noctis decursu licuit opus compingere, die universo per molestas curas distracto." Moreover, though his energy was prodigious, his physical constitution often proved unequal to the strain. From the age of twenty-two he suffered from headaches of the most violent kind, once and often twice in each month.

IV. Work for Ireland

When he arrived at Rome in 1618 he found the name of Ireland partly ignominiously ignored, partly (owing to the wiles of her traditional enemies) disparaged and reviled. But he lost no opportunity of rectifying matters, and soon succeeded in making Ireland known and respected. Two flourishing institutions founded by him now spoke in her favour-the Irish Franciscan College of St. Isidore and the Ludovisian College for Irish secular priests. St. Isidore's he founded in 1625, being authorized thereto by letters patent of the general (13 June) and a special Bull of Urban VIII (20 Oct.). Such men as Antony Hickey, Patrick Fleming, John Ponce, and Martin Walsh were the first professors. Wadding proceeded to extend the existing buildings (a suppressed Spanish convent), which the generosity of his friends enabled him to purchase. The college, as it stands to-day, is practically his exclusive creation. He procured for the library 5000 select works, besides a precious collection of manuscripts bound in 800 volumes. During the first thirty years of its existence this college educated 200 students, 70 of which number filled chairs of philosophy and theology in various corners of Europe. Others, returning to Ireland, worked in the ministry, and many of them were called to lay down their lives for the Faith. Each year Wadding kept the Feast of St. Patrick with great solemnity at St. Isidore's; and it is due to his influence, as member of the commission for the reform of the Breviary, that the festival of Ireland's Apostle was inserted on 17 March in the calendar of the Universal Church. A few years after the foundation of the College for Irish Franciscans, Wadding prevailed on Cardinal Ludovisi, protector of Ireland, to signalize his protectorate by the endowment of a similar institution for the Irish secular clergy. The cardinal consented, and, Wadding having drawn up a code of constitutions, the college was opened on 1 January, 1628. The students attended lectures in the halls of St. Isidore's until 1635, when Wadding and his brethren surrendered the administration of the college to the Jesuits. By a Rescript of Alexander VII given at Castel Gandolfo in 1656, Wadding founded another house at Capranica, a town some thirty miles north of Rome, to serve as a novitiate to St. Isidore's.

Wadding was not only the official representative and indefatigable agent in the Roman Curia of the archbishops and bishops of Ireland, but the Holy See took no measure of importance concerning that country without consulting him. The Supreme Council of the Confederates, by letters patent of 6 December, 1642, nominated their agent and procurator in Rome and the whole of Italy. It was at his suggestion that Father Scarampi, the Oratorian, was sent in 1643 as papal envoy to Ireland, with supplies of arms, and ammunition, and money. Wadding had sent similar supplies in the preceding year, as well as Irish officers trained in the armies of France and the Netherlands. He procured letters from the Holy See to the Catholic powers of Europe to enlist their sympathies and secure their aid in favour of the Irish war. In 1645 he prevailed on the new pope, Innocent X, to send another envoy to Ireland, with the powers and dignity of an Apostolic nuncio, Archbishop Rinuccini being sent. On his departure from Rome the nuncio received from Wadding the sum of 26,000 scudi towards the Irish cause. Wadding sent him a similar sum the year after through Dean Massari, to mention only some of his contributions. Great was the interest now evinced in Irish affairs at the Roman Court. The tidings of O'Neill's victory at Benburb (5 June, 1646) caused much rejoicing; a solemn Te Deum was sung in the Basilica of St. Mary Major, and the standards taken in the battle, being sent out by the nuncio, were hung as trophies in the cupola of St. Peter's. Innocent X, through Wadding, sent is blessing to Owen Roe O'Neill and with it the sword of the great Earl of Tyrone. But jealousy and disunion among the Confederate chiefs ruined all, and no one felt the blow so much as Wadding.

V. Official Career

Luke Wadding was a lector jubilatus of sacred theology and "chronologist of the whole Order of Friars Minor". He was guardian, for four terms, of St. Isidore's, and praeses of the Irish College. He was appointed procurator of the order in 1630, but did not take office; reappointed in 1632, he retained the position to 1634. In his capacity of procurator he was Lenten preacher to the papal Court. Being nominated vice- commissary of the order in the Roman Curia in 1645, he insisted on being dispensed; but he was obliged to assume the duties of commissary in 1648. Paul V nominated him qualificator of the Holy Office, and Gregory XV consultor of the Index. He was made consultor of the Rites and of the Propaganda by Urban VIII, and named member of the commission for the reform of the Roman Breviary and the other liturgical books by the same pontiff. He was, besides, the trusted adviser of successive popes, many cardinals, and the superiors of his order. Were it not for his humility, he might have attained to the highest honours in the Church. He was postulated for many episcopal and metropolitan sees, but constantly refused the dignity. He was invited by prominent members of the cismontane section of the order to join their family, with a view to qualifying for the election to the generalate (which they promised in that event), but he declined. The Supreme Council of the Confederation sent letters to Urban VIII on 14 June, 1644, and to Innocent X on 23 November of the same year, to raise Wadding to the cardinalate. But he himself succeeded in suppressing the documents at Rome, and it was only after his death that they were discovered among his papers. Writing to the Supreme Council, Wadding excuses himself for this act of humility, alleging that he though he could serve his country more effectively in a position less prominent than that of cardinal. It is stated of Wadding by contemporary writers that he received votes to be pope. If this statement be true, it must have reference to the conclaves of 1644 or 1645. Wadding's piety was equal to his learning, and his death was that of a saint.

WADDINGUS-SBARALEA, Scriptores ord. minorum (Rome, 1806); JOANNES A S. ANTONIO, Bibliotheca universa Franciscana (Madrid, 1732); MARRACCIO. Bibliotheca Mariana (Rome, 1646); Works of Sir Jas. Ware, ed. HARRIS (Dublin, 1764); Ancient and Present State of Co. and City of Waterford (Dublin, 1746); WATT, Bibliotheca Britannica (Edinburgh, 1824); RYAN, Worthies of Ireland (Dublin, 1846); WEBB, Dictionary of Irish Biblography (Dublin, 1878); HORE, History of Town and County of Wexford (london, 1904); Ulster Journal of Archaeology, VII.

HAROLD, Fr. Lucae Waddingi, annalium minorum authoris, Vita (Rome, 1662), prefixed to HAROLD, Epitome annalium; also in Annales minorum, I (2nd. ed., Rome, 1731); MSS. in the archives of the Franciscan Fathers, Merchants' Quay, Dublin, and in the archives of various libraries in Rome; BRENAN, Eccl. Hist. of Ireland, II (Dublin, 1840), 266-69; GILBERT, Hist. of Irish Confederation, I-VII (Dublin, 1882-91), passim; RINUOCDINI, Nunziatura, ed. AIAZZI (Florence, 1844), 419; HOLZAPFEL, Geschichte des Franziskanerordens (Freiburg, 1909), 580-3; DONNELLY, Irish College, Rome (Dublin), 3-5.

References

  1. Back to citation Hazard 2025, pp. 30, 51–52, 54, 75.
  2. Back to citation Hazard 2025, pp. 55, 63–67, 69, 70, 75–76.
  3. Back to citation Hazard 2025, pp. 87–90.
  4. Back to citation Hazard 2025, p. 102.
  5. Back to citation Hazard 2025, pp. 146–150.
  6. Back to citation Hazard 2025, pp. 160–169.
  7. Back to citation Hazard 2025, p. 14.
  8. Back to citation occurrence 8.0 Back to citation occurrence 8.1 Back to citation occurrence 8.2 Moore 1899.
  9. Back to citation Fidanza, Giovan Battista (1 January 2016). "Luke Wadding's art: Irish Franciscan patronage in seventeenth-century Rome". Torvergata. Retrieved 17 June 2025.
  10. Back to citation Clavin, Terry. "Baron (Barron), Bartholomew (Bonaventure)". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 17 June 2025.
  11. Back to citation Hazard 2025, p. 10.
  12. Back to citation Herbermann 1913.
  13. Back to citation occurrence 13.0 Back to citation occurrence 13.1 Cavanaugh, Ray. "The Irish Franciscan who gave St. Patrick his feast day". National Catholic Reporter, NCR. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  14. Back to citation Wadding, Luke. "The Wadding Edition". The Logic Museum. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  15. Back to citation "The Wadding-Vivès Edition". The Logic Museum. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  16. Back to citation "Artist Biography:Gabriel Hayes". sculpturedubllin.ie.
  17. Back to citation "Newsletter" (PDF). library.wit.ie. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  18. Back to citation Hazard 2025, pp. 9, 12, 17, 19, 67, 107, 110–117, 129, 169–174, 283–285.

Bibliography

Attribution:

  • Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Luke Wadding". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  • Wadding, Luke. Historian and theologian, born at Waterford, Ireland, Oct. 16, 1585; died at St. Isidore's College, Rome, Nov. 18, 1657.

Referred works

  • Harold, Francis, Vita Fratris Lucae Waddingi 3rd edn. (Quaracchi, 1931)
  • Webb, Alfred, A Compendium of Irish Biography: Comprising Sketches of Distinguished Irishmen, 1878
  • Anderson, Christopher (1830). Historical Sketches of the Ancient Native Irish and Their Descendants. Oliver & Boyd.
  • Meehan, Charles Patrick, The rise and fall of the Irish Franciscan monasteries, and memoirs of the Irish hierarchy in the seventeenth century, 1877
  • Cleary, Gregory, Father Luke Wadding and St Isidore’s College, Rome: Biographical and Historical Notes and Documents, Tipografia del senato del G. Bardi, Rome, 1925
  • Franciscan Fathers (eds.), Father Luke Wadding Commemorative Volume, Clonmore & Reynolds, Dublin, 1957
  • Fidanza, Giovan Battista, Luke Wadding's art: Irish Franciscan Patronage in Seventeenth Century Rome, Franciscan Institute Publications, St. Bonaventure, NY, 2016
  • Binasco, Matteo (ed.), Luke Wadding, the Irish Franciscans and Global Catholicism, Routledge, Abingdon, 2020
  • Hazard, Benjamin, Luke Wadding. A Life: Religion, Politics and Culture, 1588-1657, Peter Lang, Oxford, 2025
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