Aleramici

Aleramids Sovereign Marquises of Western Liguria
Arms of the senior branch of the Aleramici of Savona. A similar variation occurs in the junior line of Montferrat.
Parent house	unknown
Country	Holy Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire Latin Empire Kingdom of Jerusalem Kingdom of Thessalonica Kingdom of Sicily Republic of Genoa
Place of origin	Frankish
Founded	c.961
Founder	Aleramo I
Final ruler	Sforza-Andrea del Carretto
Historic seat	Savona
Titles	Caesar of the Eastern Roman Empire Empress consort of the Eastern Roman Empire Empress consort of the Latin Empire King of Jerusalem Queen of Jerusalem King of Thessalonica Queen consort of Sicily Prince of Galilee Prince of Trabia Prince of Butera Prince of Campofiorito Prince of Pietraperzia Prince of Scalea Prince of Scordia Duke of Camastra Marquis of Western Liguria Marquis of Savona Marquis of Montferrat Marquis of Saluzzo Marquis of Finale Marquis of Bosco Marquis of Sezzadio Marquis of Occimiano Marquis of Incisa Marquis of Ceva Marquis of Busca Marquis of Clavesana Marquis of Ponzone Marquis of Albisola Marquis of Varazze Marquis of Grana Count of Millesimo Sovereign Patrician of Genoa others
Connected families	Anscarids Obertenghi Arduinici
Dissolution	extant
Deposition	1602
Cadet branches	House of Carretto House of Lanza others

The Aleramici (also Aleramids) were a Northern Italian princely and royal dynasty of Frankish origin. They ruled over various northwestern Italian principalities in Piedmont and Liguria from the 10th to the 17th century, as well as over the Kingdoms of Jerusalem and Thessalonica from the 12th to 13th centuries.

Considered one of the foremost crusader dynasties, the Aleramids notably extended their influence across the Eastern Mediterranean, thrice appointed as successors to the Eastern Roman Imperial throne (under the title of Caesar), without ever ensuring their effective installation. They nevertheless produced two Imperial consorts, one of which (Irene) effectively ruled over part of the Empire under the title of Augusta. Other females of the dynasty also appear as consort-regents in several European states.

The Aleramids were only later named as such by historians seeking to identify the extensive lineage derived from the Frankish Count Aleramo, proclaimed first sovereign Marquis (or Markgrave) of Western Liguria by the Emperor Otto the Great in the year 967. Further research has allowed the division of the lineage into two main branches: the senior Marquises of Savona (later surnamed del Vasto), and the junior Marquises of Monferrat. The last became extinct during the 14th century in the Empress Irene (with female succession in the House of Palaiologos-Montferrat). The senior line of Savona carried on through multiple descending branches, mainly ruling over the Marquisates of Saluzzo and Finale until the 17th century.

Broadly, their decadence in Northern Italy can be linked to the communal movement and the consecutive loss of Imperial dominance in the region in favor of Papal or Ecclesiastical rule (12th century). By the 13th century the Aleramids had lost most of their territorial sovereignty in favor of the Republic of Genoa and the Duchy of Milan. Some late exponents (mainly del Carretto) appear as vassal-lords to the Dukes of Milan and of Savoy, while others became sovereign patricians of the Republic of Genoa. Several others (mainly Lanza) relocated to the Kingdom of Sicily where they continued to exercise a notable influence. One branch (Grana) remained in service of the Holy Roman Empire until their extinction in the 18th century (with female succession in the House of Arenberg).

The Aleramids are ancestors (through female lines) of most European royal families.

History

Count William I

The oldest known member of the lineage was the Frankish Count William (or Willelmus), first mentioned as the father of Aleramo in the year 951. He is thought to have been the same Count Wilhelmus indicated as "dilectissimi fideles" (very beloved faithful) of the Kings Hugh of Italy and Rudolph II of Burgondy in the year 924, as well as the same Frankish Count Wilhelmus who, according to the Gesta Berengarii Imperatoris, crossed the Alps at the head of 300 Frankish knights in the year 888 in aid of Guy III of Spoleto during his quest for the Iron Crown. Although it is not clear which were the specific territories that he inherited to his son, an Imperial charter of the year 967 suggests that William passed down a substantial patrimony dispersed through the Carolingian Kingdom of Italy ("tam de hereditate parentum quam de acquistu illi advenientes per diversa loca infra Italicum Regnum coniacentes").

Aleramo I, First Marquis of Western Liguria

Aleramo, who identified himself as a member of the Salic nation and follower of the Salic law ("ex Natione Vivere et Legge Salica") received from King Hugh of Italy a similar treatment as his father ("fideli nostro Aledramo Comiti"), extending his domains in the Piedmont and Western Liguria through different donations occurred between 933 and 938 (still appearing under the rank of Count). It is still undetermined who was Aleramo's first wife and mother of all three of his children, considered by Jacob of Acqui (14th century) to be a certain princess Adelasia, daughter of the Emperor Otto the Great. Acqui's fanciful story gave rise to a much extended myth regarding Aleramo's legendary origins and unproven imperial marriage (further extended in the 19th century by Giosuè Carducci's "Cavalry and Humanism"). Aleramo's second marriage nonetheless proves his insertion amongst the Anscarids, one of Medieval Europe's most prestigious royal dynasties. Shortly after the ascent of Berengar II to the throne of Italy, Aleramo married the princess Gerberga, the King's daughter. In the year 961, Gerberga is mentioned as stepmother ("maternia") to Aleramo's children, themselves styled stepchildren ("filiastri"), and thus known to have proceeded from his previous marriage. In the same charter Aleramo is first mentioned as Marquis (“Aledramus Marchio, filius Guilielmi Comitis, et Gilberga filia domini Berengarii Regis"), suggesting the importance of the marriage in the concession of his new rank. On 10 April 967 the Emperor Otto the Great issued a charter confirming Aleramo in all his domains, counties and jurisdictional courts, alongside the then princely title of Marquis, as petitioned by the Empress consort Adelaide, daughter of Rudolph II ("Aledramum Marchionem interventu ac petitione Adhelaydae nostra coniugis atque imperii nostri participis").

The first Aleramici

Since 967, the Aleramici (name later given by historians to identify the numerous branches of Aleramo's lineage) preserved their forefather's territories alongside the title of Marquis, or Margrave in the Holy Roman Empire. According to Salic Law, the Frank's fiefdoms had to be either shared or equally divided amongst male descendants, leading to the fragmentation of the Aleramid's power and their forefather's principality. As evident in the foundational charter of the Abbey of Grazzano (year 961), Aleramo's firstborn son (William II) died in youth without having produced any offspring ("quondam Gulielmo, que fuit filius noster"), while the third-born, Otto I, also died before his father but did managed to produce two boys. After Aleramo's death around the year 999, his second-born, Anselm I took his father's place as sole head of the entire Western Ligurian March. The first testimony of his succession is found in the foundational charter of the Abbey of San Quentin in Spigno (year 999) where Anselm, son of the late Aleramo, is first mentioned as Marquis alongside his wife Gisla, daughter of Albert I of Milan ("Anselmus Marchio, filius bonae memoriae Aledrami intemque Marchio, et Gisla Comitissa iugalibus, filia Adalberti similique Marchioque"). The same charter also mentions his nephews William III and Riprand, sons of his deceased brother Otto I ("Wielelmus et Riprandus germanis, fili bonae memoriae Oddoni").

The Marches of Savona and Monferrat

Even after Anselm I's death, the sovereignty of the entire March was shared between his children and their junior cousins (sons of his brother Otto I). The two lines (Anselmian and Ottonian) ultimately established themselves in two distinct counties which became the center of their respective jurisdictional courts. The senior branch (Anselm's) took seat in the Ligurian port of Savona, while the junior branch (Otto's) did so in the Piedmontese castle of Casale Monferrato, leading to the distinction of the Aleramids between the Anselmian Marquises of Savona and the Ottonian Marquises of Monferrat. Despite this nominal division, both branches continued sharing sovereignty over the entire March and effectively possessing fiefdoms in each other's jurisdictions at least until the 13th century.

The abundant procreation of males amongst the Aleramids led to the continuous fragmentation of the original March (in accordance to Salic Law), and the subdivision of both Marches (particularly that of Savona) into smaller jurisdictions presided by the different members of the lineage (all preserving the princely rank of Marquis). The junior Ottonian branch was only divided into the Marches of Monferrat and Occimiano (conferred to a junior line later surnamed "Camar"), while the Anselmian line initially formed the three extensive Marches of Savona, Bosco and Sezzadio. The Aleramids of Sezzadio soon became extinct, and their territory returned to their most immediate agnatic relatives of Savona and Bosco. By the 12th century, the surviving Anselmians (Savona and Bosco) had also distinguished their respective lines by the adoption of the surnames del Vasto and del Bosco. The senior Aleramids del Vasto (descendants of Otto III of Savona) formed the Marquisates of Savona, of Finale, Dego, Incisa, Loreto, Cortemilia, Ceva and Clavesana (later adding Saluzzo, and Busca through the Arduinic inheritance of the lower-half of the March of Turin). The successive Marquises of Savona later abandoned the surname del Vasto and instead took the surname del Carretto. The junior Anselmian Aleramids del Bosco (descendants of Ugo II of Bosco) formed the Marquisates of Bosco, Ponzone, Albisola, Varazze, Ussecio and Pareto.

Influence across the Mediterranean

Despite their constant territorial division, the Aleramids managed to maintain control over the lower-half of the Piedmont and the Western flank of the Ligurian Bay, forming powerful alliances with other Italian ruling houses (mainly Anscarids, Arduinids, Obertenghi and Hauteville) and even extending their alliances with further European dynasties (mainly the Capetians and the Hohenstaufens). The senior branch of Savona gained notable influence during the 11th century through successive marriages with the Norman ruling dynasty of Sicily, the House of Hauteville. Firstly was the marriage between Odo the Good Marquis and Emma of Hauteville (daughter of Robert Guiscard), shortly followed by that of Adelaide to Count Roger I of Sicily (later to King Baldwin I of Jerusalem) while her brother Enrico, married Flandina (daughter of the said Roger through a previous marriage). As such, it was the senior Anselmian line of Savona the first to gain considerable influence in the Crusades, most notably through the leadership Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and later through the short queenship of his cousin Adelaide in Jerusalem. The Anselmians also augmented their territories in Northern Italy after the extinction of the Arduinids, inheriting the northern half of the March of Turin to the House of Savoy (through Adelaide of Susa), and the lower half to the Aleramics (through her sister Bertha of Turin). This territorial expansion, alongside the crusader links, allowed Boniface I del Vasto (uncle of Tranced of Galilee and Queen Adelaide) to marry the Capetian princess Agnes of Vermandois, daughter of Hugh I and granddaughter of King Henry I of the Franks.

The junior or Ottonian branch of Monferrato shortly followed their senior relative's involvement in the Crusades, also employing a strong marriage policy to augment their influence. At the time his cousin Adelaide was regent of Sicily, Rainier I of Monferrat secured his own marriage to Gisela of Burgundy, daughter of William I, and sister to Pope Calixtus II. Their son William V of Monferrat then married Judith of Austria, daughter of Leopold III and half-sister of Frederick II of Swabia (father of Emperor Barbarossa) and of Emperor Conrad III. This strong and consolidated insertion amongst Europe's foremost royal families allowed the marriage of Rainier II of Monferrat to Maria Komnene, oldest daughter of Eastern Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, obtaining for the first time the imperial title of Caesar, bestowed upon the appointed successors of the Imperial throne. The rebellion of Andronikos I Komnenos led to the assassination of his cousin Maria and the Caesar Rainier, ending the first Aleramid attempt at securing the Easter Roman Imperial throne.

Rainier's brother, William the Longsword, later married Sybilla of Anjou, successor to her brother Baldwin the Leper's rights in the throne of Jerusalem (which she passed down to their son, Baldwin V, first Aleramid monarch in his own right). Conrad of Monferrat (William and Rainier's brother) firstly married Theodora Angelina, sister of the then childless Emperor Isaac II Angelos, obtaining the proclamation of successor to Isaac's throne and given, like his brother, the imperial rank of Caesar. The harsh anti-Latin sentiment at the Imperial court and his brother Rainier's previous experience, led Conrad to flee Constantinople and arrive by surprise to the city of Acre, from where he launched a strong campaign against Saladin's troops. Conrad soon became the preferred leader of the crusaders and strongest opponent to Guy de Lusignan's controversial rule. He married Isabella I (Sybilla and Baldwin the Leper's sister), effectively reigning over Jerusalem as King-consort, and then as elected-King in 1192, but assassinated shortly afterwards (allegedly by Hashasin hitmen contracted by Richard the Lionheart). His daughter Maria of Monferrat, successively became Queen of Jerusalem after the regency of her stepfather Aimery of Lusignan, becoming the last Aleramid to reign over Jerusalem in their own right. Her daughter, Queen Isabella II of Jerusalem became Holy Roman Empress after her marriage to Frederick II.

A fourth brother, Boniface I, was elected leader of the Fourth Crusade, effectively taking Constantinople from Alexios III in 1204 and founding the Latin Empire that said year. According to contemporary chronicles, Boniface was received by both the clergy and the Eastern Roman people as their new Emperor (Basileus) but was never crowned, having to face an internal rebellion that led to the crowning of Henry I of Flanders as first Latin Emperor, successively married to Agnes of Monferrat, Boniface's daughter, to ensure peace. Following the agreement Boniface managed to ensure his rights over the imperial territory of Thessalonica (already offered to his brothers), and receiving the rank of King. He died shortly afterwards while confronting a raid of Bulgarian rebels. Adelasia or Azalaïs, sister of the previous, married her Anselmian cousin Manfredo II of Saluzzo, and became regent of Saluzzo until her grandson Manfred III's coming of age. Perhaps a sister or daughter of Boniface was Beatrice of Monferrat, firstly married to the Dauphin Guigues V of Albon (and mother of the Dauphine Beatrice, Duchess of Burgundy), successively marrying her Anselmian cousin Henry I del Carretto, Marquis of Savona. Her grandson Guigues VI married another Beatrice of Monferrat, often confused with the previous.

Later that century, Yolande, Boniface's great-great-granddaughter, married Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos, taking the Greek name of Irene, and effectively ruling over her paternal fiefdoms in Tessalonica under the title of Augusta. After the death of her brother John I in 1305, her son prince Theodore Palaiologos was appointed Marquis of Monferrat in contradiction of the Salic Law still practiced by the Aleramics until then (as upheld by the Anselmian Manfred IV of Saluzzo who reclaimed the Marquisate for himself). The succession was later confirmed by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII, who preferred to include a Byzantine prince amongst his subjects rather than to further the empowerment of an already subjected prince. A falsified charter in favor of John I was used by the Emperor to legitimize his decision.

Imperial decline and Papal rise

The expansion of the Aleramids through the Mediterranean coincided (or rather

followed) the demise of Imperial dominance over Northern Italy. Since the 11th century, the papacy disputed increasing powers previously attributed to secular/Imperial rule (see Investiture Controversy), and in the following century the country became entrenched in violence between the opposing factions of Guelphs and Ghibellines (the first supporting further advancement of Ecclesiastical dominance through communal rule, while the latter supporting the continuation of secular/Imperial dominance through princely rule). It is not surprising that the Aleramids mainly fought for the ghibelline/Imperial faction, despite some of the less powerful branches (mainly del Bosco and Occimiano) soon surrendering to the overwhelming Guelph advancement. The Aleramid city of Alessandria (a shared fiefdom of the Marquises of Monferrat and Bosco) became the main stronghold of papal/Guelph forces after the destruction of Milan decreed in the Diet of Roncaglia. Between Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa's initial defeat at the Battle of Legnano (1176), and Emperor Frederick II's final defeat at the Battle of Parma (1248), the Alermids had lost control of most of the March of Savona (except for Finale), continuously yielding in favor of the Lombard League. During the 13th century, the coastal Marquisate of Varazze became the main stage of the violent conflicts between the Republic of Genoa (Guelphs) and the Comune of Savona (Ghbellines).

Only the Marquises of Monferrat, Finale and Saluzzo, managed to outlive the conflict, awaiting the soon-following decline of papal-communal rule, and the consecutive rise of the Signoria. Most other surviving Aleramids (all Anselmian) retained reduced control of smaller fiefdoms, acting as vassal-lords to the Dukes of Milan and of Savoy, and specially to the Republic of Genoa. Through several agreements many Aleramids were granted Genoese citizenship, allowing them considerable preeminences, including preserving their princely rank as sovereign patricians of La Superba.

Rulers of the Aleramid dynasty

Aleramid dynasty

Partitions of Liguria under Aleramid rule

Marquisate of Liguria (924-991)
Marquisate of Western Liguria (991-1125)
									Marquisate of Occimiano (991-1275)
							Marquisate of Rocchetta (1084-1203)	Marquisate of Eastern Liguria Evolved as: Marquisate of Montferrat (991-1306)
	Marquisate of Busca (Lancia branch) (1125-1281)	Marquisate of Ceva (1125-1313)	Marquisate of Clavesana (1125-1385)	Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto branch) (1125-1566)
						Marquisate of Incisa (1125-1548)
Evolved as: Marquisate of Saluzzo (Del Vasto branch) (1125-1548)
								Inherited by Palaiologos dynasty (1306-1536)
		Acquired by the House of Savoy
			Divided between the House of Savoy, the Marquisate of Finale and the Genoese Republic
					Marquisate of Zuccarello (Del Carretto branch) (1412-1631)
								Inherited by the House of Gonzaga (from 1536)
						Inherited by the House of Gonzaga
Annexed to France				Annexed to Spain
					Annexed to the Genoese Republic

• Table of rulers
• Ruler — Born — Reign — Ruling part — Consort — Death — Notes
• Guglielmo I — c.900? — 924 – 933 — Marquisate of Liguria — Unknown
  one child — 933
  aged 32–33? — A Frankish count and the oldest known member of the family. His title of Marquis is usually given in retrospection: it's possible that he never used the title.
• Aleramo — — c.920?
  Son of Guglielmo I — 933 – 991 — Marquisate of Liguria — Adelaide
  three children
  
  Gerberga of Italy
  c.960
  no children — 991
  aged 70–71? — Invested with fiefs in 938, when he is firstly documented.
• Guglielmo II — c.940?
  First son of Aleramo and Adelaide — c.960 – 961 — Marquisate of Liguria — Unmarried — 961
  aged 20–21? — Ruled alongside his father.
• Anselmo I — c.940?
  Second son of Aleram and Adelaide — 991 – 998 — Marquisate of Western Liguria — Gisela of Milan
  four children — 998
  aged 57–58? — Younger children of Aleramo, ruled alongside his father at least since 983. After Aleramo's death the brothers made a division in their inheritance.
• Oddone I — c.940?
  Third son of Aleramo and Adelaide — 991 — Marquisate of Eastern Liguria —? of Piacenza
  four children — 991
  aged 50–51?
• Guglielmo III — c.970?
  First son of Oddone I — 991 – c.1040 — Marquisate of Eastern Liguria — Waza
  c.1030
  four children — c.1040
  aged 69–70? — Children of Oddone, divided their inheritance.
• Riprando I — c.970?
  Second son of Oddone I — 991 – c.1020 — Marquisate of Occimiano — Unknown
  at least one child — c.1020
  aged 49–50?
• Anselmo II — c.960?
  Second son of Anselmo I and Gisela of Milan — 998 – c.1025 — Marquisate of Western Liguria — Adela of Milan
  three children — c.1025
  aged 64–65?
• Oddone — c.990
  Son of Riprando I — c.1020 – 1050 — Marquisate of Occimiano — Unknown
  three children — c.1050
  aged 59–60?
• Oddone I — c.990?
  First son of Anselmo II and Adela of Milan — c.1025 – 1060 — Marquisate of Western Liguria — Bertha of Turin
  1036
  six children — c.1060
  aged 69–70?
• Oddone II — 1015
  First son of Guglielmo III and Waza — c.1040 – 20 November 1084 — Marquisate of Eastern Liguria — Constance of Savoy
  two children — 20 November 1084
  aged 50–51? — Children of Guglielmo III, ruled jointly.
• Enrico — c.1015
  Second son of Guglielmo III and Waza — c.1040 – 1045 — Marquisate of Eastern Liguria — Unmarried — 1045
  aged 29–30
• Oberto I — c.1040?
  Son of Oddone — c.1050 – 1115 — Marquisate of Occimiano — Unknown
  four children — c.1115
  aged 74–75?
• Bonifazio I — 1055
  Savona
  Third son of Oddone and Bertha of Turin — c.1060 – 1125 — Marquisate of Western Liguria —? of Incisa
  seven children
  
  Agnes of Vermandois
  (1085-c.1130)
  six children — 1125
  aged 69–70? — After his death, his large inheritance was thoroughly divided between his sons.
• Guglielmo IV — c.1030
  First son of Oddone II and Constance of Savoy — 20 November 1084 – 1100 — Marquisate of Eastern Liguria — Emma of Apulia
  one child
  
  Otta di Agledo
  two children — 1100
  aged 69–70?
• Rainerio — 1075
  Second son of Guglielmo IV and Otta di Agledo — 1100 – 1137 — Marquisate of Montferrat — Gisela of Burgundy
  1105
  five children — 1137
  aged 61–62 — Children of Guglielmo IV, divided their inheritance. Rainerio was the first to be titled Marquis of Montferrat.
• Enrico Balbo — c.1060
  Second son of Guglielmo IV and Otta di Agledo — 1100 – 1127 — Marquisate of Rocchetta — Unknown
  one child — c.1127
  aged 32–33?
• Oberto II — c.1090?
  Son of Oberto I — c.1115 – 1145 — Marquisate of Occimiano — Berta-Adelasia
  c.1125
  five children — c.1145
  aged 56–57?
• Manfredo I — — c.1110?
  Savona
  First son of Bonifacio and Agnes of Vermandois — 1125 – 1175 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Eleonora of Arborea
  six children — 1175
  Saluzzo
  aged 64–65? — Children of Bonifazio, divided their inheritance. Ugo left no children and was succeeded by a nephew (son of Anselmo III).
• Anselmo III — c.1110?
  Second son of Bonifazio and Agnes of Vermandois — 1125 – 1178 — Marquisate of Ceva
  (with Clavesana since 1170) — Unknown
  two children — c.1178
  aged 67–68?
• Ugo — c.1110?
  Third son of Bonifazio I and Agnes of Vermandois — 1125 – 1170 — Marquisate of Clavesana — Unmarried — c.1170
  aged 59–60?
• Bonifazio II — c.1120?
  Third son of Bonifazio I and Agnes of Vermandois — 1125 – 1150 — Marquisate of Incisa — Unknown
  at least one child — c.1150
  aged 29-30?
• Guglielmo I — c.1120?
  Fifth son of Bonifazio I and Agnes of Vermandois — 1125 – 1140 — Marquisate of Busca — Unknown
  two children — c.1140
  aged 19-20?
• Enrico I — c.1130?
  Sixth son of Bonifazio I and Agnes of Vermandois — 1125 – 1185 — Marquisate of Savona — Beatrice of Montferrat
  five children — c.1185
  aged 54-55?
• Bernardo — c.1080?
  Son of Enrico — 1127 – 1135 — Marquisate of Rocchetta — Unknown
  one child — c.1135
  aged 54–55?
• Domicella — c.1120?
  Daughter of Bernardo — 1135 – 1203 — Marquisate of Rocchetta — Alberto I, Marquis of Incisa
  six children — 1203
  Incisa
  aged 82–83?
• Rocchetta annexed to Incisa
• Guglielmo V the Elder — 1110
  First son of Rainerio and Gisela of Burgundy — 1137 – 1191 — Marquisate of Montferrat — Judith of Austria
  1133
  nine children — 1191
  Tyre, Lebanonaged 50–51?
• Manfredo I — c.1130?
  First son of Guglielmo I — 1140 – 1187 — Marquisate of Busca — Unknown
  one child — 1187
  aged 56–57? — Siblings, possibly held the marquisate jointly, and founded two branches who apparently ruled concurrently, or jointly, the marquisate.
• Berengario — c.1140?
  Second son of Guglielmo I — 1140 – 1214 — Marquisate of Busca — Emilia
  four children — 1214
  aged 73-74?
• Guglielmo I — c.1110?
  First son of Oberto II and Berta-Adelasia — c.1145 – 1150 — Marquisate of Occimiano — Galiana
  c.1145
  no children — c.1150
  aged 39–40? — Children of Oberto II, shared power, or at least shared, in documents, the title of marquis.
• Oberto III — c.1110?
  Fifth son of Oberto I — Unmarried — c.1150
  aged 39–40?
• Alberto I — c.1130?
  Son of Bonifazio II — 1145 – 1188 — Marquisate of Incisa — Domicella, Marchioness of Rocchetta
  six children — 1188
  aged 57-58
• Enrico — c.1130?
  First grandson of Oberto I — c.1150 – 1180 — Marquisate of Occimiano — Unknown
  ? children — c.1180
  aged 49–50? — Grandchildren of Oberto I (sons of a son or daughter of this marquis), and nephews of Oberto II. They shared power, or at least, in documents, the title of marquis.
• Bernardo — c.1130?
  Second grandson of Oberto II and Berta-Adelasia — Unmarried — c.1180
  aged 49–50?
• Manfredo II — c.1140
  Saluzzo
  First son of Manfredo I and Eleonora of Arborea — 1175 – February 1215 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Adelasia of Montferrat
  1182
  four children — February 1215
  Saluzzo
  aged 74–75?
• Guglielmo I — c.1140?
  First son of Anselmo III — 1178 – 1205 — Marquisate of Ceva —? of Vento
  five children — c.1205
  aged 64–65? — Children of Anselmo III, divided their inheritance.
• Bonifazio I — c.1140?
  Second son of Anselmo III — 1178 – 1221 — Marquisate of Clavesana — Unknown
  three children — 1221
  aged 80–81?
• Anselmo I — c.1170?
  First grandson of Enrico (?) — c.1180 – 1205 — Marquisate of Occimiano — Unknown — c.1205
  aged 34–35? — Possibly grandchildren of Enrico, ruled jointly.
• Guglielmo II the Monk — c.1170?
  Second grandson of Enrico (?) — c.1180 – 1230 — Unknown — c.1230
  aged 59–60?
• Corrado — c.1170?
  Third grandson of Enrico (?) — c.1180 – 1200 — Unknown — c.1205?
  aged 34–35?
• Anselmo II Camar — c.1170?
  Fourth grandson of Enrico (?) — c.1180 – 1205 — Unknown
  one child? — c.1205?
  aged 34–35?
• Enrico II — c.1170
  Savona
  First son of Enrico I and Beatrice of Montferrat — 1185 – 1231 — Marquisate of Finale — Simona Guercio
  1181
  no children
  
  Agata of Geneva
  three children — 1231
  Finale Ligure
  aged 60-61? — Children of Enrico I, divided their inheritance. Oddone, in 1191, abdicated from his marquisate, bequeathed it to the commune of Savona, and became its citizen.
• Ottone — c.1170
  Savona
  Second son of Enrico I and Beatrice of Montferrat — 1185 – 1191 — Marquisate of Savona — Alda Embriaco
  three children — 1240
  Savona
  aged 69-70
• The marquisate of Savona was annexed to the namesake commune
• Alberto II — c.1150?
  First son of Alberto I and Domicella — 1188 – 1190 — Marquisate of Incisa — Unmarried — 1188
  aged 57-58 — Left no known descendants. The marquisate went to his brothers.
• Guglielmo — c.1160?
  Second son of Alberto I and Domicella — 1190 – 1215 — Marquisate of Incisa — Alasia
  c.1190
  no children — c.1215
  aged 54-55? — Guglielmo was probably the sole ruler initially, but in 1203 had to divide the marquisate between his brothers: his mother's possessions were given to the younger brothers, but eventually reverted to Incisa.
• Raimondo — c.1160?
  Third son of Alberto I and Domicella — Unmarried — 1215
  aged 54-55?
• Giacomo — c.1160?
  Fourth son of Alberto I and Domicella — 1190 – 1215 — Marquisate of Rocchetta
  (in Incisa until 1203) — Unmarried — c.1215
  aged 54-55?
• Pagano — c.1170?
  Fifth son of Alberto I and Domicella — c.1215
  aged 44-45?
• Rocchetta annexed again to Incisa
• Corrado — — 1140
  Montferrat
  Second son of Guglielmo V and Judith of Austria — 1191 – 28 April 1192 — Marquisate of Montferrat — Unknown
  no children
  
  Theodora Angelina
  (d.c.1195)
  
  1187
  (separated May/June 1187)no children
  
  Isabella I, Queen of Jerusalem
  24 November 1190
  one child — 28 April 1192
  Tyre, Lebanon
  aged 51–52 — Also King of Jerusalem by right of his wife.
• Bonifacio I — — 1140
  Montferrat
  Second son of Guglielmo V and Judith of Austria — 28 April 1192 – 4 September 1207 — Marquisate of Montferrat — Elena of Bosco
  (1145-1204)
  c.1170
  three children
  
  Jeanne of Châtillon
  no children
  
  Margaret of Hungary
  May 1204
  Constantinople
  one child — 4 September 1207
  Tyre, Lebanon
  aged 50–51? — Laid also claim on the Kingdom of Thessalonica, ruling it effectively from 1205, after the Sack of Constantinople. During his reign in Montferrat, he encouraged the development of literature, inviting many troubadours to his court.
• Guglielmo II — c.1160?
  First son of Guglielmo I — 1205 – 1230 — Marquisate of Ceva — Maria of Saluzzo
  one child — c.1230
  aged 69–70? — Son-in-law of Manfredo II of Saluzzo, and father-in-law of Tommaso I of Saluzzo.
• Guglielmo VI — 1173
  Montferrat
  First son of Bonifacio I and Elena of Bosco — 4 September 1207 – 17 September 1225 — Marquisate of Montferrat — Sophia of Hohenstaufen
  (d.1187/88)
  1187
  no children
  
  Berta of Clavesana
  9 August 1202
  three children — 17 September 1225
  Almyros
  aged 51–52
• Manfredo II — c.1150?
  First son of Manfredo I — 1214 – 1215 — Marquisate of Busca — Bianca Maletta
  eight children — 1215
  aged 64–65? — Cousins, possibly held the marquisate jointly. In spite of Manfred III having children, they stopped claiming co-rulership in the marquisate, which was then held exclusively by Berengar's line.
• Guglielmo II — c.1160?
  First son of Berengario and Emilia — 1214 – 5 April 1233 — Audisia
  thee children — 5 April 1233
  aged 72–73?
• Manfredo III — c.1180?
  First son of Manfredo II and Bianca Maletta — 1215 – 1248 — Marquisate of Busca — Unknown
  three children — 1248
  Asti
  aged 67–68?
• Enrico — c.1200?
  Grandson of Alberto I and Domicella — 1215 – 1273 — Marquisate of Incisa — Unknown
  at least one child — c.1272
  aged 72-73? — Son of an unknown son of Alberto I.
• Regency of Adelasia of Montferrat (1215-1218) — Grandson of Manfredo II.
• Manfredo III — — 1204
  Saluzzo
  Son of Bonifazio of Saluzzo and Maria of Torres — February 1215 – 29 October 1244 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Beatrice of Savoy
  March 1233
  four children — 29 October 1244
  Saluzzo
  aged 39–40
• Bonifazio II Tagliaferro — c.1180?
  First son of Bonifazio I — 1221 – 1237 — Marquisate of Clavesana — Unmarried — 1237
  aged 56–57? — Children of Bonifazio I, ruled jointly.
• Oddone I — c.1180?
  Second son of Bonifazio I — 1221 - 16 September 1233 — Mabilia
  (d. 16 June 1248/14 March 1251)
  six children — 1233
  aged 52–53?
• Berta — 1182
  Daughter of Bonifazio I — 1221 – 1224 — Marquisate of Clavesana
  (at Mombarcaro and Cortemiglia) — Guglielmo VI, Marquis of Montferrat
  9 August 1202
  three children — 1224
  aged 41–42
• Bonifazio II the Giant — July 1202
  Montferrat
  First son of Guglielmo VI and Berta of Clavesana — 17 September 1225 – 12 May 1253 — Marquisate of Montferrat — Margherita of Savoy I
  (d.1254)
  c.1235
  three children — 12 May 1253
  Moncalvo
  aged 50
• Giorgio I — c.1190?
  Second son of Guglielmo I — 1230 – 10 June 1268 — Marquisate of Ceva — Unknown
  two children — 10 June 1268
  aged 77–78?
• Aleramo — c.1190?
  Son of Anselmo II (?) — c.1230 – 1265 — Marquisate of Occimiano — Unknown
  two children — c.1265
  aged 74–75?
• Giacomo — 1215
  Alba
  First son of Enrico II and Agata of Geneva — 1231 – 21 October 1268 — Marquisate of Finale — Caterina da Marano
  May 1247
  five children — 21 October 1268
  Finale Ligure
  aged 52-53
• Bonifazio III — c.1210?
  First son of Oddone I and Mabilia — 1237 – 1268 — Marquisate of Clavesana — Unmarried — 1268
  aged 57–58? — Children of Oddone I, ruled jointly.
• Emmanuele I — c.1215?
  Second son of Oddone I and Mabilia — 1237 – 1297 — Unknown
  two children — 1297
  aged 80-81?
• Regencies of Beatrice of Savoy (1244) and Bonifazio II, Marquis of Montferrat (1244-1253)
• Tommaso I — — 1239
  Saluzzo
  First son of Manfredo III and Beatrice of Savoy — 29 October 1244 – 3 December 1296 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Luisa of Ceva
  (d.22 August 1291)
  c.1260
  fifteen children — 3 December 1296
  Saluzzo
  aged 64–65?
• Enrico — c.1190?
  First son of Guglielmo II and Audisia — 1248 – 1281 — Marquisate of Busca — Rufina
  three children — 1281
  aged 70–71? — Siblings and last known marquises. Ruled with Manfredo III since their father's death in 1233.
• Oddone — c.1190?
  Second son of Guglielmo II and Audisia — 1248 – c.1250? — Unmarried — c.1250?
  aged 39–40?
• Busca annexed to Saluzzo
• Regency of Margherita of Savoy (I) (1253-1257)
• Guglielmo VII the Great — — 1240
  Trino
  Son of Bonifacio II and Margherita of Savoy (I) — 12 May 1253 – 6 February 1292 — Marquisate of Montferrat — Isabel de Clare
  (1240-1270)
  July 1258
  Lyon
  two children
  
  Beatrice of Castile
  August 1271
  Murcia
  seven children — 6 February 1292
  Alessandria
  aged 51–52
• Oberto IV — c.1210?
  First son of Aleramo (?) — c.1265-1275 — Marquisate of Occimiano — Unknown — c.1275
  aged 74–75? — Children of Aleramo, ruled jointly.
• Bonifazio — c.1210?
  Son of Aleramo (?)
• Occimiano merged again in Montferrat
• Giorgio II — c.1250?
  First son of Giorgio I — 10 June 1268 – 22 February 1313 — Marquisate of Ceva — Unknown
  two children — 1324
  aged 73–74? — In 1313, Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, gave the marquisate to the duke of Savoy. This meant the loss of independence of the various branches that descended from Giorgio II. The marquisate itself met its end in 1427, when it was absorbed officially by Savoy.
• Ceva annexed to Savoy
• Antonio — c.1250
  Alba
  Son of Giacomo and Caterina da Marano — 21 October 1268 – 1313 — Marquisate of Finale — Eleonora Fieschi
  three children — 1313
  Finale Ligure
  aged 62-63
• Alberto III — c.1240?
  Son of Enrico — 1273 – 1323 — Marquisate of Incisa — Unknown
  at least one child — c.1323
  aged 82-83?
• Giovanni I the Just — 1277
  Milan
  Third son of Guglielmo VII and Beatrice of Castile — 6 February 1292 – 9 January 1305 — Marquisate of Montferrat — Margaret of Savoy II
  23 March 1296
  no children — 9 January 1305
  Montferrat
  aged 27–28 — Left no descendants.
• Manfredo IV — — 1262
  Saluzzo
  First son of Tommaso I and Luisa of Ceva — 3 December 1296 – 29 July 1332 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Beatrice of Sicily
  1287
  two children
  
  Isabella Doria
  1308
  five children — 16 September 1340
  Cortemilia
  aged 77–78 — In 1332, after a war between his children over the succession, Manfredo signed a treaty with Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy, in which he abdicated to his eldest son, Federico.
• Oddone II — c.1250?
  First son of Emmanuele I — 1297 – 1308 — Marquisate of Clavesana —? Spinola
  one child — 1308
  aged 57–58? — Children of Emmanuele I, ruled jointly.
• Francesco — c.1250?
  Second son of Emmanuele I — 1297 – 1310 — Giacomina
  two children — 1310
  aged 59–60?
• Violante-Irene — — 1274
  Casale Monferrato
  First daughter of Guglielmo VII and Beatrice of Castile — 9 January 1305 – 1306 — Marquisate of Montferrat — Andronikos II Palaiologos
  1284
  (separated 1303)
  seven children — 1317
  Constantinople
  aged 42–43 — Inherited the marquisate from her brother in 1305, and tried to propose her eldest son to succeed her brother, but got rejected by Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople. Given that she inherited the marquisate, it's probable that she ruled in Montferrat between the death of her brother and the arrival of the chosen successor of John, her son Theodore. Yolande was also Eastern Roman Empress consort at Constantinople.
• Montferrat inherited by the Palaiologos dynasty
• Regency of Oberto Spinola (1310-1314?) — The marquisate was probably ruled by Federico (Oddone's son) and Argentina and Caterina, Francesco's daughters. As Argentina and Caterina's children were also known as Marquis of Clavesana, it's possible that, at this point, the three ruled jointly, or they divided the marquisate between them.
• Federico — c.1300?
  Only son of Oddone II and? Spinola — 1310 – 1363 — Marquisate of Clavesana
  (1/3 each) — Unknown
  two children — 1363
  aged 62–63?
• Argentina — c.1300?
  First daughter of Francesco and Giacomina — 1310 – 1355 — Rafaele Doria
  no children
  
  ? of Saluzzo
  one child — c.1355
  aged 54–55?
• Caterina — c.1300?
  Second daughter of Francesco and Giacomina — 1310-1350 — Enrico del Carretto
  (d.22 April 1328/8 May 1340)
  two children
  — c.1350?
  aged 49–50?
• Giorgio — c.1290
  Finale Ligure
  Son of Antonio and Eleonora Fieschi — 1313 – 1367 — Marquisate of Finale — Unknown
  five children — 1367
  Genoa
  aged 76-77
• Guglielmo II — c.1290?
  Son of Alberto III — 1323 – 1365 — Marquisate of Incisa — Unknown
  at least one child — c.1365?
  aged 74-75
• Federico I — — 1287
  Savona
  Son of Manfredo IV and Beatrice of Sicily — 29 July 1332 – 29 June 1336 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Margaret of Viennois
  1303
  two children
  
  Giacomina di Biandrate
  21 June 1333
  no children — 29 June 1336
  Saluzzo
  aged 64–65? — From 1330, fought with his younger half-brother Manfredo, who their father had favoured and designated successor with the influence of Federico's stepmother Isabella Doria. The treaty with the count of Savoy (1332) made his father abdicate and give the land to him.
• Tommaso II — — 1304
  Saluzzo
  Son of Federico I and Margaret of Viennois — 29 June 1336 – 1341
  
  1342 – 18 August 1357 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Ricciarda of Milan
  1329
  eleven children — 18 August 1357
  Saluzzo
  aged 52–53 — Became involved in his father's previous war of succession, as his uncle Manfredo came back to reclaim power once more. However, his uncle's victory was short-lived, and he recovered the throne not long after.
• Manfredo V — c.1310?
  Saluzzo
  Second son of Manfredo IV and Isabella Doria — 1341 – 1342 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Eleonora of Savoy
  1333
  eight children — 1392
  Pavia
  aged 81–82? — After the war with his brother and subsequent exile, he managed to take power from his nephew. However, he was eventually persuaded by the House of Visconti to abandon his claim on Saluzzo.
• Federico II — — 1332
  Saluzzo
  First son of Tommaso II and Ricciarda of Milan — 18 August 1357 – 1396 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Beatrice of Geneva
  1360
  nine children — 1396
  Saluzzo
  aged 63–64
• Emmanuele II — c.1320?
  Only son of Federico — 1363 – 1385 — Marquisate of Clavesana
  (1/3) — Andriola
  three children — 1385
  aged 64–65? — After his death, what was left on the marquisate on the male line was divided between Savoy, the Republic of Genoa, and the Marquisate of Finale.
• Clavesana divided between Savoy, Finale and the Republic of Genoa
• Corrado — c.1330?
  Son of Guglielmo II — 1365 – 1390 — Marquisate of Incisa — Unknown
  at least one child — c.1390
  aged 59-60
• Lazzarino I — c.1330
  Finale Ligure
  First son of Giorgio — 1367 – 1393 — Marquisate of Finale — Marietta del Carretto
  two children — 1393
  Finale Ligure
  aged 62-63 — Children of Giorgio, divided their inheritance.
• Carlo I Diego — c.1340
  Finale Ligure
  Second son of Giorgio — 1367 – 1421 — Marquisate of Zuccarello — Pomellina Adorno
  (1355-1410/11)
  1375
  four children — 1421
  Finale Ligure
  aged 80-81?
• Pietro — c.1370?
  Son of Corrado — 1390 – 1430 — Marquisate of Incisa — Unknown
  at least one child — c.1430
  aged 59-60?
• Lazzarino II — c.1370
  Finale Ligure
  Son of Lazzarino I and Marietta del Carretto — 1393 – August 1412 — Marquisate of Finale — Caterina del Carretto
  two children — August 1412
  Lucca
  aged 41-42
• Tommaso III — — 1356
  Saluzzo
  First son of Federico II and Beatrice of Geneva — 1396 – 1416 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Margaret of Roucy
  1403
  five children — 1416
  Saluzzo
  aged 59–60
• Galeotto I — c.1390
  Finale Ligure
  First son of Lazzarino II and Caterina del Carretto — August 1412 – 5 February 1449 — Marquisate of Finale — Vannina Adorno
  nine children — June 1450
  Quimper
  aged 59-60 — Involved in Genoese politics, he was exiled in 1449. The marquisate was ruled by his brother as regent until his death in the following year.
• Regency of Giovanni I del Carretto, Marquis of Finale (1449-1450)
• Regency of Margaret of Roucy and Valerano of Saluzzo (1416-1424)
• Ludovico I — 1405
  Saluzzo
  First son of Tommaso III and Margaret of Roucy — 1416 – 15 April 1475 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Isabella Palaiologina of Montferrat
  7 August 1435
  nine children — 15 April 1475
  Saluzzo
  aged 69–70
• Enrico — c.1370
  Zuccarello
  Son of Carlo I Diego and Pomellina Adorno — 1421 – 1431 — Marquisate of Zuccarello — Paganina Guarco
  (1400-1450/51)
  1422/23
  three children — 1431
  Zuccarello
  aged 60-61
• Enrico II — c.1390?
  Son of Pietro — 1430 – 1471 — Marquisate of Incisa — Unknown
  at least one child — 1471
  aged 82-83?
• Carlo II — 1425
  Zuccarello
  First son of Enrico and Paganina Guarco — 1431 – 6 January 1488 — Marquisate of Zuccarello — Maria del Carretto
  (d.1487)
  four children — 6 January 1488
  Zuccarello
  aged 62-63 — Children of Enrico, ruled jointly.
• Giorgio — 1427
  Zuccarello
  Second son of Enrico and Paganina Guarco — 1431 – 1452 — Maria Giustiniani
  one child
  
  Clemenza Fregoso
  (1429-1507)
  1468
  Genoa
  one child — 1452
  Zuccarello
  aged 24-25
• Giovanni I — c.1400
  Finale Ligure
  Second son of Lazzarino II and Caterina del Carretto — 20 December 1450 – April 1468 — Marquisate of Finale — Viscontina Adorno
  1451
  Genoa
  three children — April 1468
  Finale Ligure
  aged 67-68 — Previously regent, took power after his brother's death.
• Galeotto II — 1452
  Finale Ligure
  First son of Giovanni and Viscontina Adorno — 1468 – 9 February 1482 — Marquisate of Finale — Elisabetta dal Verme
  no children — 9 February 1482
  Finale Ligure
  aged 29-30
• Ottone — c.1450?
  Son of Enrico II — 1471 – July 1514 — Marquisate of Incisa — Franchetta Asinari
  1503
  at least one child — July 1514
  Nizza Monferrato
  aged 63-64
• Incisa briefly annexed to Montferrat (1514-1517)
• Ludovico II — — 23 March 1438
  Saluzzo
  Second son of Ludovico I and Isabella Palaiologina of Montferrat — 15 April 1475 – 27 January 1504 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Giovanna Palaiologina of Montferrat
  August 1481
  one child
  
  Margaret of Foix-Candale
  1492
  five children — 27 January 1504
  Genoa
  aged 65
• Alfonso I — 1457
  Finale Ligure
  Third son of Giovanni and Viscontina Adorno — 9 February 1482 – 1499
  
  15 August 1514 – 1516 — Marquisate of Finale — Bianca Simonetta
  (d.1487)
  no children
  
  Peretta Usodimare
  16 November 1488
  Rome
  five children — 1516
  Finale Ligure
  aged 58-59 — Brothers, fought for succession with his brother, Archbishop Carlo Domenico.
• Carlo Domenico — — 1454
  Finale Ligure
  Second son of Giovanni and Viscontina Adorno — 1499 – 15 August 1514 — Marquisate of Finale — Unmarried — 15 August 1514
  Rome
  aged 59-60
• Antonio — c.1450
  Zuccarello
  Son of Carlo II and Maria del Carretto — 6 January 1488 – 1519 — Marquisate of Zuccarello — Anne de Seyssel
  four children — 1519
  Zuccarello
  aged 68-69 — Cousins, ruled jointly.
• Gian Giacomo — c.1450
  Zuccarello
  Son of Giorgio and Clemenza Fregoso — 6 January 1488 – 6 October 1518 — Anna de Bolliers
  three children — 6 October 1518
  Zuccarello
  aged 67-68
• Regency of Margaret of Foix-Candale (1504-1522) — Left no descendants. The marquisate passed to his brothers.
• Michele Antonio — — 26 March 1495
  Saluzzo
  First son of Ludovico II and Margaret of Foix-Candale — 27 January 1504 – 18 October 1528 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Unmarried — 18 October 1528
  Aversa
  aged 33
• Giovanni II — 1502
  Finale Ligure
  Son of Alfonso I and Peretta Usodimare — 1516 – 30 June 1535 — Marquisate of Finale — Ginevra Bentivoglio
  (1503-1534)
  1524
  Milan
  five children — 30 June 1535
  Tunis
  aged 32-33
• Gian Giacomo — c.1490?
  Son of Ottone and Franchetta Asinari — 22 April 1517 – 1546 — Marquisate of Incisa — Francesca Lacerda
  at least one child — 1546
  aged 82-83? — Franchetta Asinari managed to re-establish the marquisate for her sons after its annexation to Montferrat on her husband's demise.
• Gian Bartolomeo — 1475
  Zuccarello
  First son of Antonio and Anne de Seyssel — 1519 – 21 July 1554 — Marquisate of Zuccarello — Caterina del Carretto of Castelvecchio
  three children — 21 July 1554
  Albenga
  aged 78-79 — Children of Antonio, ruled jointly. Pirro's descendants became Marquesses of Balestrino, not listed here.
• Pirro — 1476
  Zuccarello
  Second son of Antonio and Anne de Seyssel — 1519 – 16 March 1553 — Caterina del Carretto of Prunetto
  (d.1542)
  1494
  Balestrino
  three children
  
  Caterina Barla
  (1525-1553)
  1544
  Pieve di Teco
  no children — 16 March 1553
  Balestrino
  aged 76-77
• Giovanni Ludovico — — 21 October 1496
  Saluzzo
  Second son of Ludovico II and Margaret of Foix-Candale — 18 October 1528 – 2 June 1529 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Unmarried — 1563
  Beaufort-en-Vallée
  aged 66–67 — In 1529, he was forced to abdicate to his younger brother by Francis I of France.
• Francesco Ludovico — — 25 February 1498
  Saluzzo
  Third son of Ludovico II and Margaret of Foix-Candale — 2 June 1529 – 28 March 1537 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Unmarried — 28 March 1537
  Carmagnola
  aged 39 — Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his younger brother.
• Alfonso II — 1525
  Finale Ligure
  First son of Giovanni II and Ginevra Bentivoglio — 30 June 1535 – 9 November 1583 — Marquisate of Finale — Unmarried — 9 November 1583
  Vienna
  aged 57-58
• Gabriele — — 26 September 1501
  Saluzzo
  Fifth son of Ludovico II and Margaret of Foix-Candale — 28 March 1537 – 29 July 1548 — Marquisate of Saluzzo — Madeleine d'Annebault
  no children — 29 July 1548
  Pinerolo
  aged 46 — Last marquis of the family in Saluzzo. After his death the marquisate was annexed to France.
• Saluzzo annexed by France
• Boarello — c.1520?
  Son of Gian Giacomo and Francesca Lacerda — 1546 – 1548 — Marquisate of Incisa — Unknown — c.1550
  aged 82-83? — Abdicated; the marquisate was annexed to the Duchy of Mantua.
• Incisa annexed to Mantua
• Filiberto — 1523
  Zuccarello
  Son of Gian Bartolomeo and Caterina del Carretto of Castelvecchio — 16 March 1553 – 7 April 1574 — Marquisate of Zuccarello — Peretta Doria
  (1532-1590)
  1548
  Oneglia
  six children — 7 April 1574
  Zuccarello
  aged 50-51
• Scipione — 1550
  Zuccarello
  Son of Filiberto and Peretta Doria — 7 April 1574 – 1588 — Marquisate of Zuccarello — Girolama Lomellini
  (d.1610)
  1572
  Genoa
  four children — 1605
  Mondovi
  aged 54-55 — In 1588 abdicated of his feuds to the Duchy of Savoy; the Holy Roman Empire didn't recognise this cession, and appointed a council of regency. In 1598 the marquisate was enfeoffed to Scipione's brother Prospero.
• Council of Regency (1588-1598)
• Alessandro — 30 August 1528
  Finale Ligure
  Second son of Giovanni II and Ginevra Bentivoglio — 9 November 1583 – 1596 — Marquisate of Finale — Unmarried — 1596
  Finale Ligure
  aged 67-68
• Sforza Andrea — 1534
  Finale Ligure
  Third son of Giovanni II and Ginevra Bentivoglio — 1596 – 1602 — Marquisate of Finale — Faustina Sforza
  (1576-1628)
  1595
  Milan
  no children — 1602
  Carcare
  aged 67-68 — After his death with no descendants, Finale was absorbed by Spain.
• Finale annexed to Spain
• Prospero — 1554
  Zuccarello
  Second son of Filiberto and Peretta Doria — 1598 – 1607 — Marquisate of Zuccarello — Lavinia Ortiz
  (1575-1610)
  1594
  Prague
  four children — 1607
  Zuccarello
  aged 52-53
• Ottavio — 1557
  Zuccarello
  Third son of Filiberto and Peretta Doria — 1607 – 1631 — Marquisate of Zuccarello — Lelia Morone
  (d. 16 May 1643)
  1609
  Genoa
  two children — 13 February 1632
  Genoa
  aged 81-82 — Alienated the marquisate to the Genoese Republic, in 1631, and died the next year.
• Zuccarello annexed to the Genoese Republic

Family tree

Aleramici

Aleramo (958–991) I Marquis of Central Liguria married 1. Adelaide 2. Gerberga of Ivrea (daughter of Berengar II, king of Lombardy) William II, Marquess of Montferrat co-ruler with his father (no offspring) Anselmo I founder of the main branch Aleramici de Savona or del Vasto Anselmo II Otto marquess of Western Liguria Boniface del Vasto marquess of Western Liguria Manfred I, Marquess of Saluzzo (1125–1175) married Eleanor Manfred II, Marquess of Saluzzo (1175–1215) married Azalaïs of Montferrat (daughter of William V, Marquess of Montferrat) Boniface married Maria Torres (daughter of Comita III, guidice in Sardinia) Manfred III, Marquess of Saluzzo (1215–1244) married Beatrice of Savoy (daughter of Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy) Thomas I, Marquess of Saluzzo (1244–1296) married Luigia/Aloisia di Ceva Manfred IV, Marquess of Saluzzo (1296–1330) married 1.Beatrice of Hohenstaufen (daughter of Manfred, King of Sicily) 2.Isabella Doria (daughter of Bernabo Doria) Manfred V, Marquess of Saluzzo (1330–1332) Frederick I, Marquess of Saluzzo (1330–1336) married Margarete de La Tour-du-Pin (daughter of Humbert I of Viennois) Thomas II, Marquess of Saluzzo (1336–57) married Richarda Visconti (daughter of Galeazzo I, lord of Milan) Frederick II, Marquess of Saluzzo (1357–1396) married Beatrice (daughter of Hugh of Geneve) Thomas III, Marquess of Saluzzo (1396–1416) Ricciarda married Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara Ludovico I, Marquess of Saluzzo (1416–1475) married 1.Isabella Palaiologo (daughter of John Jacob, Marquess of Montferrat) Ludovico II, Marquess of Saluzzo (1475–1504) married 1.Giovanna Palaiologo (daughter of William VIII, Marquess of Montferrat) 2.Margaret de Foix (daughter of Jean, count of Candale) Michele Antonio, Marquess of Saluzzo (1504–1528) Giovanni Ludovico, Marquess of Saluzzo (1528–1529) Francesco of Saluzzo (1529–1537) Gian Gabriele I of Saluzzo (1537–1548) king Henry II annexed Saluzzo to France Otto I, Marquess of Montferrat (d. 991), founder of the cadet branch of Montferrat William III, Marquess of Montferrat (991–1042) married Wasa Otto II, Marquess of Montferrat (1042–1084) married Constance of Savoy (daughter of Amadeus II, Count of Savoy) William IV, Marquess of Montferrat (1084–1100) married Otta di Aglie Rainier, Marquess of Montferrat (1100–1136) married Gisela of Ivrea (daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy) Giovanne married William Clito of Normandy, count of Flanders William V, Marquess of Montferrat the old (1136–1191) married Judith of Babenberg (daughter of Leopold III, Margrave of Austria) William of Montferrat, Count of Jaffa and Ascalon the longsword married Sibylla d'Anjou, queen of Jerusalem (daughter of Amalric I, king of Jerusalem) Baldwin V king of Jerusalem (1185–1186) Conrad of Montferrat marquess (1191–1192) married 2.Theodora Angelina (sister of Isaac II, Roman Emperor) 3.Isabella d'Anjou, queen of Jerusalem (daughter of Amalric I, king of Jerusalem) Renier of Montferrat married Maria Komnene (daughter of Manuel I, Roman emperor) Azalais/Adelasia married Manfred II, Marquess of Saluzzo Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat marquis of Montferrat (1192–1207), king of Thessalonica (1205–1207) married 1.Helena del Bosco 2.Jeanne de Chatillon 3.Margaret of Hungary (daughter of king Bela III of Hungary) Agnes married Henry of Flanders, Latin emperor of Constantinople Demetrius, king of Thessalonica (1207–1224) William VI, Marquess of Montferrat (1207–1225) married Berta di Clavesna (daughter of Bonifacio, marquess of Cortemiglia) Beatrice married 1.Guigues VI of Viennois 2.Guy II lord of Bauge 3.Pierre de La Roue Alix/Alasia married Henry I de Lusignan, king of Cyprus Boniface II, Marquess of Montferrat, the giant (1225–53) married Margaret of Savoy (daughter of Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy) Adelaide married Albert I of Welf, duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg William VII, Marquess of Montferrat, the great (1253–1292) married 1.Isabella de Clare (daughter of Richard, earl of Gloucester) 2.Beatrice of Ivrea (daughter of Alfonso X, king of Castile) Margherita married 1.Pallavicini 2.Juan of Castile John I, Marquess of Montferrat (1292–1305) married Marguerite of Savoy (daughter of Amadeus V, Count of Savoy) Yolanda/Violante (renamed Irene) marchioness of Montferrat married Andronikos II Palaiologos, Roman Emperor Theodore I Palaiologos marquess of Montferrat (1338–1372) Montferrat ruled by the Palaiologos family and later by the Gonzaga family

See also

• March of Montferrat
• Marquisate of Saluzzo
• Marquisate of Finale
• Marquisate of Ceva

Notes

Works cited

• Kinkade, Richard P. (2004). "Beatrice "Contesson" of Savoy (c. 1250–1290): The Mother of Juan Manuel". La corónica: A Journal of Medieval Hispanic Languages, Literatures, and Cultures. 2, Number 3, Summer (3): 163–225. doi:10.1353/cor.2004.0017. S2CID 163041548.