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Archdiocese of Sens

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Archdiocese of Sens and Auxerre
Archidioecesis Senonensis et Antissiodorensis
Archidiocèse de Sens et Auxerre
Sens Cathedral
Sens Cathedral
Location
Country France
Ecclesiastical province Dijon
Metropolitan Archdiocese of Dijon
Statistics
Area 7,460 km2 (2,880 sq mi)
Population
Total
Catholics 		(as of 2022)
340,514
200,000 (58.7%)
Parishes 31
Information
Denomination Catholic
Sui iuris church Latin Church
Rite Roman Rite
Established 3 June 1823 (as archdiocese of sens and auxerre)
Cathedral Cathedral of St. Stephen in Sens
Patron saint St. Savinian and St. Potentian
Secular priests 49 (Diocesan)
14 (Religious Orders)
18 Permanent Deacons
Current leadership
Pope Leo XIV
Archbishop Pascal Wintzer
Metropolitan Archbishop Antoine Hérouard
Bishops emeritus Yves François Patenôtre
Map
Website
Website of the Archdiocese

Archdiocese of Sens — The Archdiocese of Sens and Auxerre (Latin: Archidioecesis Senonensis et Antissiodorensis; French: Archidiocèse de Sens et Auxerre) is a Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. The archdiocese comprises the department of Yonne, which is in the region of Burgundy.

Established in sub-apostolic times, according to late local legends, the diocese, as metropolis of the province of Quarta Lugdunensis, achieved ecclesiastical metropolitical status in the 7th century. For a time, the archbishop of Sens held the title "primate of the Gauls and Germania". The title was transferred to Lyon in the latter part of the 11th century.

After the creation of the archdiocese of Paris in 1622, the metropolitan archdiocese of Sens had three suffragan (subordinate) dioceses: Auxerre, Nevers and Troyes.[1] The Diocese of Bethléem at Clamecy was also dependent on the metropolitan see of Sens. On December 8, 2002, as part of a general reorganization of the dioceses of France undertaken, at least in part, to respond to demographic changes, the Archdiocese of Sens-Auxerre ceased to have metropolitan rank and became a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Dijon, which became the centre of a new ecclesiastical province for the Burgundy administrative region.

History

The history of the religious beginnings of the church at Sens dates from Savinian and Potentian, and through legend to the Dioceses of Chartres, Troyes and Orléans. Local legend claimed that the two were sent by Saint Peter himself (d. 68).[2] Gregory of Tours is silent regarding Savinian and Potentian, alleged founders of the See of Sens; the Hieronymian Martyrology, which was revised before 600 at Auxerre (or Autun), ignores them. The cities of Chartres and Troyes have nothing about these men in their local liturgy prior to the 12th century, and that of Orléans nothing prior to the 15th, pertaining to the preaching of Altinus, Eodaldus and Serotinus (companions of Savinian and Potentian).

Before the ninth century there was (in the cemetery near the monastery of Pierre le Vif at Sens) a group of tombs, among which are those of the first bishops of Sens. In 847, the transfer of their remains to the church of St-Pierre le Vif inspired popular devotion towards Savinian and Potentian. In 848, Wandelbert of Prüm named them the first patrons of the church of Sens. Ado, in his martyrology published shortly afterwards, speaks of them as envoys of the apostles and as martyrs. The Martyrology of Usuard (around 875) depicts them as envoys of the "Roman pontiff" and martyrs. In the middle of the 10th century the relics of these two saints were hidden in a subterranean vault of the Abbey of St-Pierre le Vif to escape the pillage of the Hungarians, but in 1031 they were placed in a reliquary established by the monk Odoranne. This monk (in a chronicle published about 1045) speaks of Altinus, Eodaldus, and Serotinus as apostolic companions of Savinian and Potentian, but does not view them as legitimate.

In a document which (according to Henri Bouvier) dates from the end of the sixth century or the beginning of the seventh—but according to Louis Duchesne, who labels the Gerbertine legend as written in 1046 and 1079 under the inspiration of Gerbert, Abbot of St-Pierre le Vif—is first described a legend tracing to Savinian and Potentian (and their companions) the evangelization of the churches of Orléans, Chartres and Troyes. After some uncertainty, the legend became fixed in the Chronicle of pseudo-Clarius, compiled about 1120. The Christian faith could not have been preached at Sens in the second century, but Sidonius Apollinaris mentions that in 475 the Church of Sens had its 13th bishop; the list of bishops does not indicate that the episcopal see existed prior to the second half of the third century or the beginning of the fourth.

In the synod of Liptinae (diocese of Cambrai), held in May 743, Archbishop Boniface of Mainz, the papal legate in Germany, appointed three bishops: Grimo of Rouen, Abel of Reims, and Ardobert of Sens. The priest Deneardus was appointed messenger to carry the report of the synod to Rome, and to request the pope to grant the pallium to each of the prelates. In the meantime, something caused Boniface to change his mind about Abel and Ardobert, and he wrote to the pope, withdrawing his request for pallia for them. Surprised, Pope Zacharias replied in a letter of 23 September 843, granting Boniface's request for Grimo, and requested further details about the situation.[3] But at the council of Soissons on 3 March 744, Pipin, Mayor of the Palace, had to request the council to grant canonical institution and possession of the dioceses of Reims and Sens. The council refused.[4]

Councils of Sens

A large number of Church councils were held at Sens between 600 and 1485. The earliest perhaps involved a controversy over the date of Easter which Abbot Colombanus of Luxeuil (in the Vosges) refused to attend.[5] In 1009, Archbishop Leotheric held a provincial synod, in the presence of King Robert I of France, to address the abuses of the abbey of S. Benoît de Fleury, which claimed exemption from diocesan control.[6] The Council of 1140 condemned the writings of Abelard.[7] The Council of 1198 was concerned with the Manichaean sect of the Poplicani.[8]

Chapter and cathedral

The cathedral was dedicated in honor of Saint Stephen Protomartyr.

The cathedral was staffed and administered by a corporation called the Chapter, which consisted of five dignities (the archdeacon of Sens, the Treasurer, the Dean, the Precentor, and the Cellerar), of four personages (the archdeacon of Gatinais, the archdeacon of Melun, the archdeacon of Provins and the archdeacon d'Étampes), thirty-one canons, and fourteen semi-prebends. The archdeacons, the treasurer, and all the canons were appointments of the archbishop. The dean, the precentor, and the cellaerar were elected by the Chapter and confirmed by the pope.[9] The Chapter had once been headed by a Provost, known since 961, but the office was suppressed and in 1176 the office was renamed "Dean".[10]

On 2 January 876, Pope John VIII granted Bishop Ansegisius of Sens the office of papal vicar per Gallias et Germanias.[11] At the council of Pontoise held by Charles the Bald in the same year, and on 14 July the papal legates and Archbishop Ansegisius attempted to have the Empire recognize the papal appointment as a primacy.[12] There were many complaints from the bishops in attendance, and the question was raised again in the Emperor's presence on 16 July. It was ordered that "Ansegisius should have after the conclusion of the council exactly what he had at the beginning of it.[13]

On 19 April 1079, Pope Gregory VII wrote to Archbishop Gebuin of Lyon, confirming for him and his successors the primacy of his archdiocese over the four provinces, Lyon, Rouen, Tours, and Sens.[14] King Louis VI of France wrote to Pope Calixtus II (1119–1124), attempting to cajole him into releasing the province of Sens from subordination to the Primacy of Lyon. Lyon was, after all, in a different kingdom at the time. He did not succeed.[15]

In 1537, one of the canons of the cathedral Chapter founded a collège in Sens, which was handed over to the Jesuits in 1623.[16]

The major seminary of the diocese was founded in Sens in 1654, by Archbishop Louis-Henri de Pardaillan de Gondrin (1646–1674), and completed by his successor, Jean de Montpezat.[17] and administered from 1667 by the Priests of the Mission.[18]

Collegiate churches

The diocese of Sens was richly endowed with fifteen collegiate churches, all of which were closed at the Revolution and had their properties and incomes confiscated for the benefit of the State.[19] The collegiate church of Nôtre-Dame d'Étampes, founded by King Robert I of France (866–922–923), was headed by a Cantor and had ten canons. Sainte-Croix d'Etampes, founded in 1183, had two dignities (a Dean and a Cantor) and nineteen canons. Nôtre-Dame de Melun had a Cantor and seven canons. Nôtre-Dame de Milly had four canons and was presided over by a Dean who was also the parish priest, who was presented for office to the archbishop by the local lord.[20] The town of Provins had three collegiate churches: Saint-Quiriacus of the 10th century, administered by four dignities (dean, provost, cantor and treasurer) and twenty canons, all of whom except the dean were appointments of the king; Nôtre-Dame-du-Val, dating from 1171, headed by three dignities (dean, cantor, provost) and sixteen canons appointed alternately by the king and the archbishop; Saint-Nicolas, founded in 1218 and administered by a dean (elected by the Chapter) and nine canons.[21] The collegiate church of Saint-Loup in Brienon-l'archévêque was headed by a treasurer and seven canons; the church of Saint-Pierre in Saint-Julien-du-Sault had a cantor and ten canons; the collegiate church of Saint Laurent at Ville-Folle had eight canons, presided over by a cantor and a treasurer. The church of Nôtre-Dame de Montereau had two dignities (a dean and a cantor) and nine canons who were appointed by the archbishop, except for the dean who was elected by the Chapter.[22] The church of Nôtre-Dame at Bray-sur-Seine had three dignities (dean, treasurer, cantor) and ten canons appointed by the archbishop, while the dean was elective by the Chapter and the treasurer and cantor were appointed by the lords of Bray. The church of Sainte-Trinité at Trainel had six canons.[23]

Restructuring of ecclesiastical system

Until 1622, the metropolitan archdiocese numbered seven suffragan (subordinate)[24] dioceses: the dioceses of Chartres, Auxerre, Meaux, Paris, Orléans, Nevers and Troyes. On 20 October 1622, Pope Gregory XV issued the bull "Universi Orbis," creating the metropolitan archdiocese of Paris, and assigning it four suffragan diocese which had belonged to Sens.[25] The diocese of Sens was left with only three suffragan (subordinate) dioceses: Auxerre, Nevers and Troyes.[26] Complaints and conflict with Paris and Lyon continued, however, for another half-century.[27] In 1668, the income of the abbey of Mont Saint-Martin in the Diocese of Cambrai was added to the income (mensa) of the archbishop.[28]

Before the Revolution, the diocese of Sens contained 774 parishes, with approximately 158,700 inhabitants. It was claimed, after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, that there was only one Protestant family remaining.[29] There were sixteen parishes inside the city of Sens, and thirteen of the curés of those parishes had the title of "cardinal priest", who assisted the archbishop when he celebrated Mass pontifically in the cathedral.[30]

Until the French Revolution, when all titles of nobility were abolished, the archbishop of Sens was also viscount of Sens. In the 16th century, the archbishops were mostly absentee landlords. Cardinal Antoine Duprat (1525–1535), who was Chancellor of France and also first-minister of King Francis I, never visited Sens. Cardinal Louis de Bourbon-Vendôme (1535–1557) lived at the royal court. Cardinal Jean Bertrand (1557–1560) held the office of Garde des Sceaux, and died as ambassador in Venice without ever having made his entry into the diocese of Sens. Cardinal Nicolas de Pellevé (1562–1592) was occupied with the Council of Trent, and then lived at the papal court. Archbishop Renaud de Beaune (1595–1606) did not receive his bulls of installation until 1602.[31]

French Revolution

Even before it directed its attention to the Church directly, the National Constituent Assembly attacked the institution of monasticism. On 13 February 1790. it issued a decree which stated that the government would no longer recognize solemn religious vows taken by either men or women. In consequence, Orders and Congregations which lived under a Rule were suppressed in France. Members of either sex were free to leave their monasteries or convents if they wished, and could claim an appropriate pension by applying to the local municipal authority.[32]

The National Constituent Assembly ordered the replacement of political subdivisions of the ancien régime with subdivisions called "departments", to be characterized by a single administrative city in the center of a compact area. The decree was passed on 22 December 1789, the boundaries fixed on 26 February 1790, with the institution to be effective on 4 March 1790.[33] A new department was created called "Yonne," and Sens became the principal city in the department.[34] The National Constituent Assembly then, on 6 February 1790, instructed its ecclesiastical committee to prepare a plan for the reorganization of the clergy. At the end of May, its work was presented as a draft Civil Constitution of the Clergy, which, after vigorous debate, was approved on 12 July 1790. There was to be one diocese in each department,[35] requiring the suppression of approximately fifty dioceses.[36] Sens became the seat of the "diocese of Yonne," in the metropolitanate of Paris.[37] Cardinal Étienne Charles Loménie de Brienne, former Chief Minister of France, took the required oath to the Constitution on 30 January 1791, and became the Constitutional Bishop of the Yonne.[38] He was in a state of schism with the Catholic Church.

Reconstruction

The French Directory fell in the coup engineered by Talleyrand and Napoleon on 10 November 1799. The coup resulted in the establishment of the French Consulate, with Napoleon as the First Consul. To advance his aggressive military foreign policy, he decided to make peace with the Catholic Church and the Papacy.[39] In the concordat of 1801 between the French Consulate, headed by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, and Pope Pius VII, and in the enabling papal bull, "Qui Christi Domini", the diocese of Yonne (Sens) and all the other dioceses in France, were suppressed. This removed all the institutional contaminations and novelties introduced by the Constitutional Church.[40] The diocesan structure was then re-established by the papal bull "Qui Christi Domini" of 29 November 1801, but Sens was not one of the restored dioceses.[41] The Concordat was registered as a French law on 8 April 1802.[42]

The territory of the former archdiocese of Sens and that of the former Auxerre was annexed to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Troyes. The somewhat complex agreement gave the title of bishop of Auxerre to the bishops of Troyes, and the purely honorary title of archbishop of Sens to the archbishop of Paris, the metropolitan archbishop the diocese of Troyes (departments of Aube and Yonne).[43]

The French monarchy restored

In 1814, the French monarchy was restored, and on 24 May 1814, the pope returned to Rome from exile in Savona.[44] Work began immediately on a new concordat, to regularize the relations between the two parties. In implementation of the concordat of 27 July 1817, between King Louis XVIII and Pope Pius VII, the papal bull "Commissa nobis" was issued on 27 July 1817, but the French Parliament refused to ratify the concordat. It was not until 6 October 1822 that a revised version of the papal bull, now called "Paternae Charitatis",[45] fortified by an ordonnance of Louis XVIII of 13 January 1823 ordering its registration, received the acceptance of all parties.

"Commissa nobis" of 1817 reestablished the Archdiocese of Sens and the Diocese of Auxerre, but this arrangement did not go into effect. The papal bull "Paternae charitatis" of 27 July 1821, the pontifical brief of 4 September 1821,[46] and the royal ordinance of 19 October 1821, agreeing to the suppression of the Diocese of Auxerre, and assigning to the Archdiocese of Sens the Department of the Yonne and, as suffragans, the Dioceses of Troyes, Nevers and Moulins.[47] A papal brief of 3 June 1823 gave to the archbishop of Sens the additional title of bishop of Auxerre.[48]

By a royal ordonnance of 26 March 1823, King Louis XVIII authorized Archbishop de la Fare to establish a seminary. The city of Auxerre offered a set of buildings for the opening of a minor seminary.[49]

Under the second French empire of Napoleon III the archbishop of Sens had three vicars-general, who required governmental approval before appointment. The cathedral Chapter was reconstituted with eleven titular canons (including the archpriest of Saint-Étienne and the superior of the major seminary; there were, in addition,"canons of honor" (archbishops or bishops), and "honorary canons" (whether residential or not).[50]

The archbishop of Sens-Auxerre continued to reside at Sens until the 1920s, but is now resident at Auxerre, while his cathedra (seat) is at Sens Cathedral.[51] The distance between Sens and Auxerre is around 31 miles (50 km) by train.

Bishops and archbishops

Before 800 AD

  • (346): Severinus[52]
  • (356–387): Ursicinus[53]
  • (c. 460): Ambrose
  • (c. 465–487): Agroecius (Agrice)[54]
  • Heraclius (487–515)[55]
  • (515–525): Paul[56]
  • (533, 541): Leo[57]
  • (549, 573): Constitutus of Sens[58]
  • (579–609): Arthemius[59]
  • (c. 609–623): Lupus[60]
  • (627): Mederius[61]
  • Hildegarius
  • (c. 639): Annobertus
[ Gondelbert (c. 642–643) ][62]
  • (650, 654): Armentarius[63]
  • (654–657): Arnulfus
  • (658–675): Emmon[64]
[ Amatus (Amé) (c. 676)][65]

800 to 1000

  • (797–817): Magnus[73]
  • (818? –828): Jeremias[74]
  • (829–836): Alderic[75]
  • (837–865): Wenilo (837–865)[76]
  • (865–870): Eigil
  • (871–883): Ansegisus[77]
  • (884–887): Evrard
  • (887–923): Walter[78]
  • (923–927): Gauthier[79]
  • (927–932): Autald
  • (932–938): Guillaume
  • (938–954): Gerlair
  • (954–958): Hildeman
  • (958–967): Archambaud
  • (967–976): Anastasius
  • (976–999): Sevinus[80]

1000–1200

  • (999–1032): Leotheric[81]
  • (1032–1049): Gelduinus[82]
  • (1049–1062): Mainard[83]
  • (1062–1096): Richerius[84]
  • (1098–1122): Daimbert[85]
  • (1122–1142): Henri Sanglier[86]
  • (1142–1168): Hugues de Toucy[87]
  • (1168–1176): Guillaume aux Blanches Mains[88]
  • (1176–1193): Gui de Noyers[89]
  • (1194–1199): Michel de Corbeil[90]

1200–1500

  • (1200–1222): Peter of Corbeil[91]
  • (1222–1241): Gauthier Cornu[92]
  • (1244–1254): Gilles Cornu[93]
  • (1254–1257): Henri Cornu[94]
  • (1258–1267): Guillaume de Brosse[95]
  • (1267–1274): Pierre de Charny
  • (1274):Pierre d'Anisy
  • (1275–1292):Gilles Cornu
  • (1292–2309): Étienne Béquart de Penil
  • (1309–1316): Philippe Leportier de Marigny[96]
  • (1317–1329): Guillaume de Melun[97]
  • (1329–1330): Pierre Roger, later Pope Clement VI (1342–1352)
  • (1330–1338): Guillaume de Brosse[98]
  • (1339–1344): Philippe de Melun[99]
  • (1344–1375): Guillaume de Melun[100]
  • (1376–1385): Ademar Robert[101]
  • (1385): Gonterus de Baigneux Avignon Obedience[102]
  • (1385–1390): Guy de Roye Avignon Obedience
  • (1390–1405): Guillaume de Dormans Avignon Obedience
  • (1406–1415): Jean de Montaigu Avignon Obedience[103]
  • (1416–1422): Henri de Savoisy[104]
  • (1422–1432): Jean Nanton[105]
  • (1432–1474): Louis de Melun[106]
  • (1475–1519): Tristan de Salazar[107]

1500–1800

  • (1519–1524): Étienne de Poncher
  • (1525–1535): Antoine Duprat (made cardinal in 1527)
  • (1535–1557): Louis de Bourbon-Vendôme (cardinal from 1517)
  • (1557–1560): Jean Bertrand (cardinal in 1559)
  • (1560–1562): Louis de Lorraine (Cardinal de Guise from 1553)
  • (1562–1592): Nicolas de Pellevé (cardinal from 1570)[108]
  • (1595–1606): Renaud de Beaune[109]
  • (1606–1618): Jacques Davy Duperron[110]
  • (1618–1621): Jean Davy du Perron[111]
  • (1621–1646): Octave de Saint-Lary de Bellegarde[112]
  • (1646–1674): Louis-Henri de Pardaillan de Gondrin[113]
  • (1674–1685): Jean de Montpezat de Carbon[114]
  • (1685–1715): Hardouin Fortin de la Hoguette[115]
  • (1716–1730): Denis-François le Bouthillier de Chavigny[116]
  • (1730–1753): Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy[117]
  • (1753–1788): Paul d'Albert de Luynes[118]
  • (1788–1793): Étienne-Charles de Loménie de Brienne[119]

1800–present

  • (1843): Charles André Toussaint Bruno Raimond de la Lande
  • (1844–1867): Mellon de Jolly[122]
  • (1867–1891): Victor-Félix Bernadou
  • (1892–1911): Pierre-Marie-Etienne-Gustave Ardin
  • (1912–1931): Jean-Victor-Emile Chesnelong
  • (1932–1935): Maurice Feltin (became Archbishop of Bordeaux)
  • (1936–1962): Frédéric Edouard Camille Lamy
  • (1962–1977): René-Louis-Marie Stourm
  • (1977–1990): Eugène-Marie Ernoult
  • (1990–1995): Gérard Denis Auguste Defois (became Archbishop of Reims)
  • (1996–2004): Georges Edmond Robert Gilson
  • (2004–2015): Yves François Patenôtre
  • (2015–2024): Hervé Giraud
  • (6 Aug 2024–present): Pascal Jean Marcel Wintzer

Canonical status and jurisdiction

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sens is a non-metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church.[123]

From the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia

Archdiocese of Sens — (Senonis)

Archdiocese comprising the Department of the Yonne. It was suppressed by the Concordat of 1802 which annexed to the Diocese of Troyes the Dioceses of Sens and Auxerre and by a somewhat complex combination gave the title of Bishop of Auxerre to the bishops of Troyes, and the purely honorary title of Archbishop of Sens to the Archbishop of Paris, otherwise deprived of all real jurisdiction over Sens. The Concordat of 1817 reestablished the Archdiocese of Sens and the Diocese of Auxerre, but this arrangement did not last. The law of July, 1821, the pontifical Brief of 4 Sept., 1821, the royal ordinance of 19 October, 1821, suppressed the Diocese of Auxerre and gave to the Archdiocese of Sens as territory all the Department of the Yonne, and as suffragan the Dioceses of Troyes, Nevers, and Moulins. A papal Brief of 3 June, 1823, gave to the Archbishop of Sens the title of Bishop of Auxerre.

Diocese of Sens

The history of the religious beginnings of the Church of Sens dates from Sts. Savinian and Potentian, and through some connecting legends also has to do with the Dioceses of Chartres, Troyes, and Orléans. Gregory of Tours is silent with regard to Sts. Savinian and Potentian, the founders of the See of Sens; the Hieronymian Martyrology which was revised somewhat before 600 at Auxerre or Autun, ignores them. The cities of Chartres and Troyes have nothing relative to these saints in their local liturgy prior to the twelfth century, and that of Orléans nothing prior to the fifteenth, which recalls the preaching of Altinus, Eodaldus, and Serotinus, the companions of Sts. Savinian and Potentian. Previous to the ninth century there was in the cemetery near the monastery of Pierre le Vif at Sens a group of tombs among which have been recognized those of the first bishops of Sens. In 847 the solemn transfer of their bodies to the church of St-Pierre le Vif originated great popular devotion towards Sts. Savinian and Potentian. In 848 Wandelbert of Prüm named them the first patrons of the church of Sens. Ado, in his martyrology published shortly afterwards, speaks of them as envoys of the Apostles and as martyrs. The martyrology of Usuardus, about 875, indicates them as envoys of the "Roman pontiff" and as martyrs. In the middle of the tenth century the relics of these two saints were hidden in a subterranean vault of the Abbey of St-Pierre le Vif to escape the pillage of the Hungarians, but in 1031 they were placed in a beautiful reliquary executed by the monk Odoranne. This monk, in a chronicle published about 1045, speaks of Altinus, Eodaldus, and Serotinus as the apostolic companions of Savinian and Potentian, but does not regard them as having been sent by St. Peter.

In a document which, according to the Abbé Bouvier, dates from the end of the sixth century or the beginning of the seventh, but which, according to Mgr Duchesne was written in 1046 and 1079 under the inspiration of Gerbert, Abbot of St-Pierre le Vif, is developed for the first time a vast legend which traces to Sts. Savinian and Potentian and their companions the evangelization of the churches of Orléans, Chartres, and Troyes; this document Mgr Duchesne calls the Gerbertine legend. After some uncertainties and hesitations this legend became definitely fixed in the chronicle of Clarius, compiled about 1120. It impossible that the Christian Faith was preached at Sens in the second century, but we know from Sidonius Apollinaris that in 475 the Church of Sens had its thirteenth bishop, and the list of bishops does not permit the supposition that the episcopal see existed prior to the second half of the third century or the beginning of the fourth. Among the bishops of Sens in the fourth century may be mentioned: St. Severinus, present at the Council of Sardica in 344; St. Ursicinus (356–87), exiled to Phrygia under Constantius through the influence of the Arians, visited by St. Hilary on his return to Sens after three years of exile, and who about 386 founded at Sens the monastery of Sts. Gervasius and Protasius. In the fifth century: St. Ambrose (d. about 460); St. Agroecius (Agrice), bishop about 475; St. Heraclius (487–515), founder of the monastery of St. John the Evangelist at Sens. In the sixth century: St. Paul (515–25); St. Leo (530–41), who sent St. Aspais to evangelize Melun; St. Arthemius, present at the councils of 581 and 585, who admitted to public penance the Spaniard, St. Bond, and of, a criminal made a holy hermit.

In the seventh century: St. Lupus (Lou, or Leu), b. about 573, bishop approximately between 609 and 623, son of Blessed Betto, of the royal house of Burgundy, and of Ste-Austregilde, founder of the monastery of Ste-Colombe and perhaps also of the monastery of Ferrières in the Gatinais, which some historians, trusting to an apocryphal charter, believed to have been founded under Clovis; he secured from the king authorization to coin money in his diocese; St. Annobertus (about 639); St. Gondelbertus (about 642–3), whose episcopate is only proved by the traditions of the Vosgian monastery of Senones, which traditions date from the eleventh century; St. Arnoul (654–7); St. Emmon (658–75), who about the end of 668 received the monk Hadrian, sent to England with Archbishop Theodore: perhaps St. Amé (about 676), exiled to Péronne by Ebroin, and whose name is suppressed by Mgr Duchesne as having been interpolated in the episcopal lists in the tenth century; St. Vulfran (692–5), a monk of Fontenelle, who soon left the See of Sens to evangelize Frisia and died at Fontenelle before 704; St. Gerie, bishop about 696. In the eighth century: St. Ebbo, at first Abbot of St-Pierre le Vif, bishop before 711, and who in 731 placed himself at the head of his people to compel the Saracens to raise the siege of Sens; and his successor St. Merulf.

In the ninth century great bishops occupied the See of Sens: Magnus, former chaplain of Charlemagne, bishop before 802, author of a sort of hand book of legislation of which he made use when he journeyed as missus dominicus, or royal agent for Charlemagne, died after 817; Jeremias, ambassador at Rome of Louis the Pious in the affair of the Iconoclasts, died in 828; St. Alderic (829–36), former Abbot of Ferrières, and consecrated Abbot of St. Maur des Fosses at Paris in 832; Vénilon (837–65) anointed Charles the Bald, 6 June, 843, in the cathedral of Orléans, to the detriment of the privileges of the See of Reims; his chorepiscopus, or auxiliary bishop, was Andrade, author of numerous theological writings, among others of the poem "De Fonte Vitae" dedicated to Hincmar, and of the "Book of Revelations", by which he sought to put an end to the divisions between the sons of Louis the Pious. In 859 Charles the Bald accused Vénilon before the Council of Savonnières of having betrayed him; the matter righted itself, but opinion continued to hold Vénilon guilty and the name of the traitor Ganelon, which occurs in the "Chanson de Roland" is but a popular corruption of the name Vénilon. Ansegisus (871–83), at the death of Louis II, Emperor of Italy, negotiated at Rome for Charles the Bald and brought thence the letter of John VIII inviting Charles to come and receive the imperial crown. He himself was named by John VIII primate of the Gauls and Germania and vicar of the Holy See for France and Germany, and at the Council of Ponthion was solemnly installed above the other metropolitans despite the opposition of Hincmar; in 880 he anointed Louis III and Carloman in the abbey of Ferrières. It was doubtless in the time of Ansegisus, while the See of Sens exercised a real primacy, that a cleric of his church compiled the historical work known as the "Ecclesiastical Annals of Sens" or "Gestes des Archevêques de Sens", an attempt to write the history of the first two French dynasties.

Vaulter (887–923) anointed King Eudes in 888, King Robert in July, 922, and King Raoul, 13 July, 923, in the Church of St-Médard at Soissons; he doubtless inherited from his uncle Vaultier, Bishop of Orléans, a superb Sacramentary composed between 855 and 873 for the Abbey of St-Amand at Puelle. This Sacramentary, which he gave to the church of Sens, forms one of the most curious monuments of Carlovingian art and is now in the library of Stockholm. Among the bishops of Sens may also be mentioned: St. Anastasius (967–76 Sevinus (976–99), who presided at the Council of St-Basle and brought upon himself the disfavour of Hugh Capet by his opposition to the deposition of Arnoul; Gelduinus (1032–49), deposed for simony by Leo IX at the of the Council of Reims. The second half of the eleventh century was fatal to the Diocese of Sens. Under the episcopate of Richerius (1062–96), Urban II withdrew primatial authority from the See of Sens to confer it on that of Lyons, and Richerius died without having accepted this decision; his successor Daimbert (1098–1122) was consecrated at Rome in March, 1098, only after having given assurance that he recognized the primacy of Lyons. Bishop Henri Sanglier (1122–42), caused the condemnation by a council in 1140 of certain propositions of Abelard. The see regained great prestige under Hugues de Toucy (1142–68), who at Orléans in 1152 crowned Constance, wife of King Louis VII, despite the protests of the Archbishop of Reims, and under whose episcopate Alexander III, driven from Rome, installed the pontifical Court at Sens for eighteen months after having taken the advice of the bishops.

Among later bishops of Sens were: Guillaume aux Blanches Mains (1168–76), son of Thibaud IV, Count of Champagne, uncle of Philip Augustus, and first cousin of Henry II, who in 1172 in the name of Alexander III placed the Kingdom of England under an interdict and in 1176 became Archbishop of Reims; Michael of Corbeil (1194–9), who combated the Manichaean sect of "Publicans"; Peter of Corbeil (1200–22), who had been professor of theology of Innocent III; Pierre Roger (1329–30), later Clement VI; Guillaume de Brosse (1330–8), who erected at one of the doorways of the cathedral of Sens an equestrian statue of Philip VI of Valois to perpetuate the remembrance of the victory won by the clergy over the pretentions of the legist Pierre de Cugnières; Guillaume de Melun (1344–75), who together with King John II was taken prisoner by the English at the battle of Poitiers in 1356; Guy de Roye (1385–90); Henri de Savoisy (1418–22), who at Troyes in 1420 blessed the marriage of Henry VI of England with Catherine of France; Etienne Tristan de Salazar (1475–1519), who concluded the first treaty of alliance between France and the Swiss; Antoine Duprat (q.v.) 1525–35, made cardinal in 1527; Louis de Bourbon Vende (1535–57), cardinal, from 1517; Jean Bertrandi (1557–60), cardinal in 1559; Louis de Lorraine (1560–2), Cardinal de Guise from 1553; Nicolas de Pellevé (1562–92), cardinal from 1570; Cardinal du Perron (1606–18); Languet de Gergy (730–53), first biographer of Marie Alacoque and member of the French Academy; Paul d'Albert (1753–88), Cardinal de Luynes after 1756 and member of the French Academy; Loménie de Brienne (1788–93), minister of Louis XVI, cardinal in 1788, and who during the Revolution swore to the civil constitution of the clergy but refused to consecrate the first constitutional bishops, returned to the pope his cardinal's hat, refused to become constitutional Bishop of Toulouse, was twice imprisoned by the Jacobins of Sens and died in prison of apoplexy; Anne, Cardinal de la Fare (1821–9), Victor Felix Bernadou (1867–91), cardinal in 1886.

The Archdiocese of Sens, which perhaps became a metropolitan see at the middle of the fifth century, until 1622 numbered seven suffragans: Chartres, Auxerre, Meaux, Paris, Orléans, Nevers, and Troyes; the Diocese of Bethléem at Clamecy (see NEVERS; was also dependent on the metropolitan See of Sens. In 1622 Paris having been raised to a metropolitan see, the Sees of Chartres, Orléans and Meaux were separated from the Archdiocese of Sens. As indemnity the abbey of Mont Saint-Martin in the Diocese of Cambrai was united to the archiepiscopal revenue.

II. Diocese of Auxerre

The "Gestes des évêques d'Auxerre", written about 875 by the canons Rainogala and Alagus, and continued later down to 1278, gives a list of bishops which, save for one detail, Mgr Duchesene regards as accurate; but the chronological data of the Gestes" seem to him to be very arbitrary for the period prior to the seventh century. No other church of France glories in a similar list of bishops honoured as saints; already in the Middle Ages this multiplicity of saints was remarkable. St. Peregrinus (Pélérin) was the founder of the see; according to the legend, he was sent by Situs II and was martyred under Diocletian in 303 or 304.

After him are mentioned without the possibility of certainly fixing their dates: St. Marcellianus, Valerianus, St. Helladius, St. Amator (d. 418), who had been ordained deacon and tonsured by St. Helladius and who thus affords the earliest example of ecclesiastical tonsure mentioned in the religious history of France; the illustrious St. Germain d'Auxerre (q. v.; 418–48); St. Elladius; St. Fratemus; St. Censurius, to whom about 475 the priest Constantius sent the Life of St. Germain; St. Ursus; St. Theodosius, who assisted in 511 at the Council of Orléans; St. Gregorius; St. Optatus; St. Droctoaldus; St. Eleutherius, who assisted at four Councils of Orléans between 533 and 549; St. Romanus; St. Actherius; St. Aunacharius (Aunaire; 573–605), uncle of St. Lupus, Archbishop of Sens; St. Desiderius (Didier); St. Palladius, who assisted at several councils in 627, 650, and 654; St. Vigilius, who was assassinated about 684, doubtless at the instigation of Gilmer, son of Waraton, mayor of the palace; St. Tetricius (692–707); Venerable Aidulf (perhaps 751–66); Venerable Maurin (perhaps 766–94); Blessed Aaron (perhaps 794–807); Blessed Angelelmus (807–28); St. Heribaldus (829–57), first chaplain of Louis the Pious, and several times given ambassadorial charges; St. Abbo (857–69); Blessed Christian (860–71); Ven. Wibaldus (879–87), Ven. Herifridus (Herfroy; 887–909); St. Géran (909–14); St. Betto (933–61); Ven. Guy (933961); Bl. John (997–998); Ven. Humbaud (1095–1114), drowned on the way to Jerusalem; St. Hugues de Montaigu (1116–1136), a friend of St. Bernard; Bl. Hugues de Mâcon (1137–51), Abbot of Pontigny, often charged by Eugene III with adjusting differences and re-establishing order in monasteries; Ven. Alanus (1152–67), author of a life of St. Bernard; Ven. Guillaume de Toucy (1167–81), the first French bishop who went to Rome to acknowledge the authority of Alexander III.

Among later bishops may be mentioned: Hugues de Noyers (1183–1206), known as the "hammer of heretics" for the vigour with which he sought out in his diocese the sects of the Albigenses and the "Caputiés"; Guillaume de Seignelay (1207–20), who took part in the war against the Albigenses and in 1230 became the Archbishop of Paris; Ven. Bernard de Sully (1234–44); Guy de Mello (1247–70), who was Apostolic delegate in the crusade of Charles of Anjou against Manfred; Pierre de Mornay (1296–1306), who negotiated between Boniface VIII and Philippe le Bel and in 1304 became chancellor of France; Pierre de Cros (1349–51), cardinal in 1350; Philippe de Lenoncourt (1560–62), cardinal in 1586; Philibert Babou de la Bourdaisière (1562–70), cardinal in 1561; the Hellenist Jacques Amyot (1571–93), translator of the works of Plutarch and Diodorus Siculus, tutor of Charles IX, grand almoner of Charles IX and Henry III; Charles de Caylus (1704–54), who made his diocese a centre of Jansenism and whose works in four volumes were condemned by Rome in 1754. The Cathedral of St-Etienne of Sens, founded in 972 and rebuilt under Louis VII and Philip Augustus, is regarded by several archaeologists as the most ancient of pointed style churches. When in 1241 the Dominicans brought to Sens the Crown of Thorns which St. Louis had obtained from Baldwin II, the king went at the head of a procession to within five leagues of Sens, took the relic, and with his brother Robert entered the city barefoot and deposited the relic in the metropolitan church until the Sainte Chapelle of Paris was built to receive it. The cathedral of Auxerre, completed in 1178, contains numerous sculptures in the Byzantine style.

The Dioceses of Sens and Auxerre contained illustrious Abbeys; for that of Ferrières, located in a region which now depends on the Diocese of Orléans, see FERRIERES. The Abbey of St-Pierre le Vif dates from the sixth century, but M. Maurice Prou has proved that the diploma of Clovis and the testament of "Queen" Théodechilde, in the archives of the monastery, lack authenticity. The Théodechilde who founded the monastery was not the daughter of Clovis but his granddaughter, the daughter of Thierry first king of Austrasia. The schools instituted by Rainard, Abbot of St-Pierre le Vif, were celebrated during the Middle Ages. The Abbey of St. Columba, the great primitive saint of the City of Lyons, was founded about 590. Her "Passion" dates beyond doubt from the end of the sixth century, in the time of Bishop St. Loup, who translated the relics of St. Columba to the monastery church. It is probable that her martyrdom took place in the time of Aurelian. Her cultus was widespread, extending to Rimini, Barcelona, and Cordova. The Acts of the martyrdom of Sts. Sanctian, Augustine, and Beata, companions of St. Columba, seem to date from the end of eighth century or the beginning of the ninth century. In the Abbey of St. Columba, whose third church was consecrated 26 April, 1164, by Alexander III, were buried Raoul, King of France, and Richard, Duke of Burgundy. The Abbey of St. Germain d'Auxerre, founded in 422 by the bishop St. Germain, in honour of St. Maurice, took the name of St. Germain when it was rebuilt by Queen Clotilde about 500. In 850 Abbot Conrad, brother-in-law of Louis the Pious, had crypts built in the monastery in which were deposited many bodies of saints. Urban V was Abbot of St-Germain before becoming pope; King Charles VI of France did not disdain the honour of seeing his name inscribed among those of the monks. The crypts were ravaged by the Calvinists in 1567. The abbey followed the Benedictine rule; it was twice reformed, from 995–9 by St. Mayeul of Cluny and his disciple Heldric, and in 1029 by the Benedictines of St-Maur.

The Abbey of St-Edmond of Pontigny, the second daughter of Cîteaux, was founded in 1114 by Thibaud IV the Great, Count of Champagne. Hugh, Count of Mâcon, one of the first thirty companions of St. Bernard, was the first abbot. Louis VII, King of France, was its benefactor. St. Thomas à Becket took refuge at Pontigny before seeking shelter at St. Columba's at Sens. In the thirteenth century Stephen Langton and later St. Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, also found refuge at Pontigny. The Benedictine Abbey of St-Michel at Tonnerre was founded about 800 on the site of a hermitage dating from the time of Clovis I; it was restored about 980 by Milo, Count of Tonnerre. In the fifteenth century Cardinal Alanus, legate of Callistus III, numbered it among the twelve most illustrious abbeys of Gaul. The arrondissement of Avallon, now in the Diocese of Sens, and formerly dependent on the Diocese of Autun, possessed the celebrated monastery of Vézelay. It was founded about 860 under the protection of Christ and the Blessed Virgin by Gerard, Count of Roussillon and his wife, Bertha; Gerard declared the territory free and dependent only on the pope. Nicholas I in 867 and Charles the Bald in 868 confirmed the donation. Eudes, the first abbot, offered hospitality to John VIII, who in, 879 consecrated the first church of the monastery. The Norman invasions laid waste the monastery, but it was restored under Abbot Geoffrey, installed in 1037. Under this abbot the cultus of St. Magdalen appeared for the first time at Vézelay; a letter of Leo IX (1050) shows that the name of St. Magdalen was part of the official title of the abbey. Mgr Duchesne has shown that the monks of Vézelay, at this date, constructed a first account according to which the tombs of Sts. Maximinus and Magdalen, at St-Maximin in Provence, had been opened and their bodies removed to Vézelay; shortly afterwards a second account relates that there was taken away only the body of St. Magdalen. For two centuries the account of the monks of Vézelay was accepted; Bulls of Lucius III, Urban III, and Clement III confirmed the statement that they possessed the body of St. Magdalen. The tomb of the saint was visited in the twelfth century by a host of illustrious pilgrims; "All France", writes Hugh of Poitiers, seems to go to the solemnities of the Magdalen."

In 1096 Abbot Artaud, who was later assassinated, had begun the construction of the Basilica of the Madeleine, which was dedicated in 1104 by Paschal II; his successor, Renaud de Semur, later Archbishop of Lyons, completed it, raised it from its ruins after the great fire of July, 1120, and also built the abbatial chateau. Alberic, a monk of Cluny, named abbot by Innocent II, built in front of the portal the narthex, or church of the catechumens, the doorways of which have marvelously wrought archivolts and which was blessed by Innocent II in 1132 during his sojourn at Vézelay; he died a cardinal and Archbishop of Ostia. Under Abbot Pontius of Montboisier (d. 1161), a former monk of Cluny, Vézelay emancipated itself from Cluniac rule, declared its autonomy as against the claims of the bishops of Autun, and victoriously resisted the encroachments of the counts of Nevers. The second crusade was preached in 1146 by St. Bernard in the abbatial chateau amid such enthusiasm that the assistants tore their garments to make crosses and distribute them to the crowd. Guillaume IV of Nevers sought to be revenged on the monks of Vézelay, and his provost, Léthard, defying excommunication, forced the monks to take flight, but in 1166 Louis arranged a peace between the Comte de Nevers and Abbot Guillaume de Mello. On Pentecost, 1166, St. Thomas á Becket from the pulpit of Vézelay pronounced excommunication against the clerics who, to gratify King Henry II had violated the rights of the Church. Louis VII came himself to Vézelay at epiphany, 1167, to celebrate the reconciliation between the monks of Vézelay and Count Guillaume IV, and in expiation of his crimes Guillaume IV set out for the Holy Land where he died in 1168.

Under the rule of Abbot Girard d'Arcy (1171–96), Philip Augustus and Richard Coeur de Lion met at Vézelay in July, 1190, to arrange for the Third Crusade. In place of the Romanesque apse burnt in 1165, Girard had built the choir today admired as one of the most beautiful specimens of Burgundian architecture and falsely attributed to Abbot Hugh, his successor. St. Louis came to Vézelay in 1267 for a solemn feast organized by the monks for the recognition of the relics of St. Mary Magdalen and at which Simon de Brion, the future Martin IV, represented the Holy See as legate; St. Louis returned here in 1270 on his way to the crusade. This benevolence of the kings of France and the constant menace which the abbey endured from the counts of Nevers led the monks of Vézelay and the pope to accept the act whereby Philip the Bold in 1280 declared himself protector and guardian of the Abbey. Hugues de Maison-Comte, who became abbot in 1352 and was taken prisoner with John II of France at the battle of Poitiers, occupied himself after two years of captivity in England with fortifying the monastery against an English attack; he rendered it impregnable and in gratitude Charles V made him a member of the royal council. The claims put forth by the Dominicans of Provence, beginning in 1279, that they possessed the body of St. Mary Magdalen injured the prestige of Vézelay during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. In 1538 a Bull of secularization sought from Paul III by Francis I and the monks themselves transformed the abbey into a simple collegiate church. Odet de Chatillon, brother of Coligny and Abbot of Vézelay, subsequently became a Calvinist. The Huguenot masters of Vézelay converted the Madeleine into a storehouse and stable and burned the relics. During the Revolution the ancient monastery buildings were sold at auction. In 1876 the future Cardinal Bernadou, Archbishop of Sens, determined to restore the pilgrimage of St. Mary Magdalen at Vézelay and brought thither a relic of the saint which Martin IV had given to the Chapter of Sens in 1281.

A certain number of saints are honoured with a special cultus or are connected with the history of the diocese: St. Jovinian, martyr, lector of the church of Auxerre (third century); Sts. Sanctian, Augustine, Felix, Aubert, and Beata, Spaniards, martyred at Sens; St. Sidronius (Sidioine), possibly martyred under Aurelian, whose martyrdom is considered by the Bollandists as very doubtful; St. Justus, martyr, b. at Auxerre about the end of the third century; Sts. Magnentia and Maxima, virgins consecrated by St. Germain (fifth century); St. Mamertinus, Abbot of St-Germain (fifth century); the priest St. Marien (sixth century); St. Romain, d. at the beginning of the sixth century in the monastery, which he founded in Auxerre, and in which St. Maurus learned through a vision of the death of St. Benedict; St. Severin, d. at Château Landon, Diocese of Sens (506); St. Eligius (5659), who' administered the monastery of St. Columba before becoming Bishop of Noyon; St. Mathurin, a priest of Sens, d. 688; St. Paternus, a Benedictine, native of Coutances, monk at St. Pierre le Vif, and assassinated at Sergines (eighth century); St. Robert, Abbot of Tonnerre, founder of the Abbey, of Molesmes and of the Order of Cîteaux (1018–1110); St. Thierry, Bishop of Orléans, reared at the monastery of St-Pierre le Vif, and d. in 1027 at Tonnerre; Bl. Alpaide, of Tonnerre (end of twelfth century); St. Guillaume, Archbishop of Bourges, previously a monk at Pontigny (d. in 1209). Jean Lebeuf (1687–1760), who in 1743 wrote the "Memoires contenant l'histoire ecelésiastique et civile d' Auxerre", was a member of the Academy of Inscriptions.

The chief pilgrimages of the Diocese of Sens are: Notre Dame de Bellevue at Tronchoy; Notre Dame de Champrond at Vinneuf; the tomb of St. Columba at Sens; the altar of Sts. Savinian and Potentian at Sens, which according to legend is the stone on which St. Savinian fell. Before the application of the Associations' Law of 1901, there were in the Diocese of Sens: Augustinians of the Assumption; Lazarists; Oblates of St. Francis de Sales; Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, founded in 1843 by Fr. Muard (1809–54), with mother-house at Pontigny; and Benedictines of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and of the Immaculate Heart of Mary founded at "La Pierre qui Vire" by the same Fr. Muard. Two congregations of women originated in the diocese: the Sisters of Providence founded in 1818 with mother-house at Sens; the Sisters of the Holy Childhood founded in 1838 by Abbé Grapinet with mother-house at Ste-Colombe. At the end of the nineteenth century the religious congregations directed in the Diocese of Sens: 53 infant schools, 4 orphanages for boys, 8 orphanages for girls, 2 workrooms, 2 organizations of rescue, 5 houses of religious for the care of the sick in their homes, 16 hospitals or infirmaries. In 1905 (end of the period of the Concordat) the diocese numbered 334,656 inhabitants, 49 parishes, 440 filial churches, and 4 vicariates remunerated by the State.

Gallia Christiana (nova), XII (1770), 1–107, instr. 1–98; Fisquet, France Pontificate: Sens et Auxerre (Paris, 1866); DUCHESNE, Fastes épiscopaux, II, 389–418, 427–46; MÉMAIN, L'Apostolate de Saint Savinien, (Paris, 1888); BLONDEL, L'Apostolicité de l'eglise de Sens (Sens, 1902); BOUVIER, Histoire de l'église de l'ancien archidiocèse de Sens, I (Paris, 1906); QUESVERS AND STEIN, Inscriptions de l'ancien diocese de Sens (Paris, 1904); LONGNON, Pouillés la province de Sens (Paris, 1904); VAUDIN, La cathédrale de Sens (Paris, 1882); JULLIOT, Armorial des archevêques de Sens (Sens, 1862); ASPINALL, Les écoles épiscopales monastiques d'l'ancienne province de Sens (Paris, 1904); CHÉREST, Études historique sur Vézelay (Auxerre, 1868); GALLY, Vézelay monastique, (Tonnerre, 1888)

Georges Goyau

References

  1. Back to citation Boislisle, p. 45.
  2. Back to citation Boislisle, pp. 42-43, though he points out that the claim is first made in the 15th century.
  3. Back to citation J.P. Migne (ed.), Patrologiae Latinae (in Latin), Tomus 89 (Paris: J.P. Migne 1850), pp. 925-929, epistles V and VI.
  4. Back to citation Fisquet, p. 19. Joannes Fridericus Schannat & Josephus Hartzheim, Concilia Germaniae, (in Latin), (Cologne: Krakamp & Simonis 1759), pp. 52, 57-58.
  5. Back to citation A council was held at Sens during the bishopric of Betharius of Chartres (594–614). Charles De Clercq, Concilia Galliae, A. 511 — A. 695 (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 273. C. J. Hefele, A History of the Councils of the Church Vol. 4 (Edinburgh: t. Clark 1895), p. 433.
  6. Back to citation Victor Rocher, Histoire de l'Abbaye Royale de Sainte-Benoit-sur-Loire, (in French), (H. Herluison 1869), pp. 191-192. Fisquet, p. 38.
  7. Back to citation Charles Joseph Hefele, Histoire des conciles, (in French), tr. Delarc, Volume 7 (Paris: A. Leclere 1872), pp. 250-288.(
  8. Back to citation Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Councils of Sens". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  9. Back to citation Fisquet, p. 4. Besse, p. 8.
  10. Back to citation Fisquet, p. 190-191.
  11. Back to citation Fisquet, p. 4. J.-P. Migne, Patrologiae latina cursus completus series secunda, (in Latin), Volume 126 (Paris: J.P. Migne 1866), p. 660.
  12. Back to citation "Et lecta et a Ioanne Tusculanensi iterum epistola, iubente Imperatore pro primatu Ansegisi...."
  13. Back to citation Jacques Sirmond, Concilia antiqua Galliae (in Latin) Tomus III (Paris: S.Cramoisy 1629), p. 436. Boislisle, p. 43.
  14. Back to citation Fisquet, p. 4. Pierre de Marca, Dissertationes tres, (in Latin) (ed. S. Baluzius) (Paris: Franc. Muguet, 1669), pp. 343-345: "...confirmamus primatum super quatuor provincias Lugdunensi Ecclesiæ tuæ, & per eam tibi tuisque successoribus, his tantùm qui nullo interveniente munere electi vel promoti fuerint.... Provincias autem illas quas vobis confirmavimus, dicimus Lugdunensem, Rothomagensem, Turonensem, & Senonensem, ut hæ videlicet provinciæ condignam obedientiam Lugdunensi Ecclesiæ exhibeant, & honorem quem Romani Pontifices reddendum esse scriptis propriis præfixerunt, humiliter & devotè persolvant".
  15. Back to citation Marca, pp. 362-364
  16. Back to citation Boislisle, p. 48.
  17. Back to citation Fisquet, p. 145, 148.
  18. Back to citation Boislisle, p. 49 with note 1.
  19. Back to citation Fisquet, p. 2.
  20. Back to citation Boislisle, p. 49, 51.
  21. Back to citation Boislisle, p. 54.
  22. Back to citation Boislisle, p. 57, 58-59.
  23. Back to citation Boislisle, p. 46, 59-60.
  24. Back to citation Obligations of suffragans: Chartraire, Cartulaire du Chapitre de Sens, pp. x-xii.
  25. Back to citation Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum romanorum pontificum, editio Taurinensis, (in Latin), Volume 12 (Turin: A. Vecco 1867), pp. 750-753.
  26. Back to citation Boislisle, p. 45.
  27. Back to citation J.B. Driot, Senonensis ecclesiae Querela de primatu Galliarum aduersùs Lugdunensem, et de metropolitico iure aduersùs Parisiensem, ad illustriss. dominum Senoniae metropolitam, Galliae Germaniaeque primatem, studio Ioannis-Baptistae Driot, metropol. ac primatialis ecclesiae Senonensis canonici, sacrae theologiae Parisiensis Baccalaurei, (in Latin), Sens: apud Ludouicum Prussurot, 1657.
  28. Back to citation Fisquet, p. 3.
  29. Back to citation Boislisle, pp. 154, 722. Fisquet, p. 2.
  30. Back to citation Bresse, p. 7.
  31. Back to citation Chantrire, Cartulaire du Chapitre de Sens, pp. viii-ix.
  32. Back to citation J. B. Duvergier, Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'état, (in French), Volume 1 (Paris: A. Guyot et Scribe, 1834), p. 118: "La loi constitutionnelle du royaume ne reconnaitra plus de voeux monastiques solennels des personnes de l'un ni de l'autre sexe: en conséquence, les ordres et congrégations réguliers dans lesquels on fait de pareils voeux sont et demeureront supprimés en France, sans qu'il puisse en être établi de semblables à l'avenir." Michael Burleigh, Earthly Powers: The Clash of Religion and Politics in Europe, from the French Revolution to the Great War (New York: Harper Collins 2006), p. 54.
  33. Back to citation Pisani, pp. 10-11.
  34. Back to citation Duvergier, p. 125, 242.
  35. Back to citation "Civil Constitution," Title I, "Article 1. Chaque département formera un seul diocèse, et chaque diocèse aura la même étendue et les mêmes limites que le département."
  36. Back to citation Ludovic Sciout, Histoire de la constitution civile du clergé (1790-1801): L'église et l'Assemblée constituante, (in French and Latin), Vol. 1 (Paris: Firmin Didot 1872), p. 182: Art. 2 "...Tous les autres évêchés existant dans les quatre-vingt-trois départements du royaume, et qui ne sont pas nommément compris au présent article, sont et demeurent supprimés."
  37. Back to citation Pisani, p. 82. Duvergier I, p. 284: "L'arrondissement de la métropole de Paris comprendra les évêchés des départements de Paris, de Seine-et Oise, d'eure-et-Loir, du Loiret, de l'Yonne, de l'Aube, de Seine-et-Marne."
  38. Back to citation Pisani, p. 83.
  39. Back to citation Hippolyte Taine, The Origins of Contemporary France. The Modern Régime, Volume 1 (H. Holt, 1890), p. 153.
  40. Back to citation J.B. Duvergier (ed.), Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglemens et avis du Conseil d'état, (in French and Latin), Volume 13 (Paris: A. Guyot et Scribe, 1826), pp. 372, col. 2.
  41. Back to citation Duvergier, Vol. 13, p.374-375, 383.
  42. Back to citation Duvergier, Vol. 13, p.318. The law was published by an arrété of 18 April 1802.
  43. Back to citation Duvergier, Vol. 13, p.374-375, 384.
  44. Back to citation Alexis François Artaud de Montor, The Lives and Times of the Popes, Vol. 8 (New York: Catholic Publication Society 1911), p. 237.
  45. Back to citation Bullarii Romani continuatio, (in Latin), Tomus septimus, pars 2 (Prati: Typographua Aldina 1852), pp. 2295-2304.
  46. Back to citation Bullarii Romani continuatio, (in Latin), Tomus septimus, Pii VII. continens Pontificatum, Volume 2 (Parto: Aldina, 1852), p. 2168.
  47. Back to citation J.-B. Duvergier, Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'état, (in French), Volume 23 (Paris: A. Guyot et Scribe, 1838), pp. 390-391.
  48. Back to citation Bullarii Romani continuatio, Volume 2, pp. 2327-2328.
  49. Back to citation Fisquet, p. 170.
  50. Back to citation Fisquet, p. 5.
  51. Back to citation "Archdiocese of Sens (-Auxerre)". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  52. Back to citation Bishop Severinus, according to Sainte-Marthe ("qui concilium Sardicense an. 347 suo approbavit chirographo"), sent a letter approving the canons of the Council of Sardica in 342, 343, 344 or 347 (date disputed). His name and his diocese appear nowhere in the lists of bishops who attended that council. He attended the council of Cologne on 12 May 346. Gallia christiana vol. 12, p. 4. Fisquet, p. 8. Charles Munier, Concilia Galliae, A. 314 – A. 506, (in Latin), (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 27.
  53. Back to citation Ursicinus was exiled to Phrygia along with several other bishops by a council of Beziers, under Constantius, through the influence of the Arians. Visited by St. Hilary on his return to Sens after three years of exile, around 386 he founded at Sens the monastery of Sts. Gervasius and Protasius. Details of his life are derived from a 13th century life; there are no authentic facts of his life. Gallia christiana vol. 12, p. 4-5. Fisquet, p. 9: "Tout ce que certains historiens racontent de ce prélat est très-hypthétique et ne repose sur aucune preuve." Duchesne, p. 415, note 1.
  54. Back to citation Agroecus was bishop for 32 years; he is mentioned by Bishop Sidonius Apollinaris of Clermont-Ferrand in a letter of c. 472 (VII.5). He died on 13 June 487. Fisquet, p. 195.
  55. Back to citation Heraclius is said to have been the founder of the monastery of St. John the Evangelist at Sens, not noticed by Fisquet or Duchesne. Sainte-Marthe (in the text, p. 6) says he witnessed the Last Will and Testament of Queen Theodechildis (c. 570). Gallia christiana vol. 12, p. 4-5.
  56. Back to citation Bishop Paul, said by Gallia christiana to have been a brother of Bishop Heraclius, died in 525. Fisquet, p. 10, no. 15.
  57. Back to citation Bishop Leo protested the creation of a bishopric at Melun. He sent a representative to the council of Orleans on 23 July 533, and was present at the council of Orléans on 7 May 538. He died in 541. Fisquet, p. 10-11, no. 16. Duchesne, p. 415-416, no. 16. Charles De Clercq, Concilia Galliae, A. 511 – A. 695, (in Latin), (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 103 ("Orbatus presbiter pro Leone episcopo subscripsit."), p. 127.
  58. Back to citation Bishop Constitutus attended the Fifth Council of Orléans on 28 October 549; the 2nd council of Paris in 552; and the council of Paris, held on 11 September 573. Fisquet, p. 11, no. 19. Duchesne, p. 416, no. 17. De Clercq, pp. 168, 212, 214.
  59. Back to citation Formerly a husband and father, Bishop Anthemius was consecrated a bishop on 23 April 579. He was present at the councils of Mâcon in 581 and in 585. He was an ambassador of King Guntram tro King Clothaire in February 588, after the murder of the archbishop of Rouen. He admitted to public penance the Spaniard St. Bond and made a holy hermit from a criminal. He died on 28 April 609. Fisquet, p. 11, no. 18. Duchesne, p. 416, no. 18. De Clercq, pp. 229 ("Artemius episcopus ecclesiae Senonice constitutionem nostram subscripsi."), p. 248.
  60. Back to citation Lupus (Lou, or Leu, born c. 573) was a nephew of a bishop of Auxerre and a bishop of Orléans, son of Betto of the royal house of Burgundy and Austregilde (founder of the monastery of Ste-Colombe and perhaps the monastery of Ferrières in the Gâtinais; some historians, however, believe it to have been founded under Clovis. He received from the king authorization to coin money in his diocese. Lupus died on 1 September 623. Fisquet, pp. 12-13, no. 19. Duchesne, p. 416, no. 19.
  61. Back to citation Bishop Mederius took oart in the council of Clichy (Clippiacense) in 627. Duchesne, p. 416, no. 19. De Clercq, p. 296 ("Ex ciuitate Senonus Mederius episcopus").
  62. Back to citation Gondelbertus' episcopate is documented only by traditions of Senones Abbey dating from the 11th century. His name does not appear in any of the episcopal lists. A. Fournier, "Le fondateur de l'abbaye de Senones," (in French), in: Annales de l'Est vol. 8 (1894), pp. 417-424. Duchesne, pp. 396, 397, 399.
  63. Back to citation Armentarius participated in the council of Chalon-sur-Saône (Cabilonense) between 647 and 650. He subscribed a privilege granted by King Clovis II on 22 June 654. Fisquet, p. 14, no. 24. Duchesne, p. 416, no. 23. De Clercq, p. 308 ("Armentarius episcopus ecclesiae Soenonice his constitutionibus subscripsi.").
  64. Back to citation Around late 668, Emmon received the monk Hadrian, sent to England with Archbishop Theodore. Duchesne, p. 416-417, no. 25.
  65. Back to citation Amé was exiled to Péronne by Ebroin. Fisquet, p. 15. His name, Amatus, is excluded by Duchesne, p. 398, as having been introduced to the episcopal lists in the 10th century. He was actually Bishop of Sion: Besse, p. 5, note 3.
  66. Back to citation Wulfram, a monk of Fontenelle, became bishop of Sens in 692. He soon left the See of Sens, in 695, to evangelize Frisia, which was a failure. He returned to the monastery of Fontanelle, and died there, on 20 March 720. Fisquet, pp. 16-17, no. 27. Duchesne, p. 417, no. 27.
  67. Back to citation He is also known as Goéric, Géry and Juéry. bishop c. 696. The first to be called archbishop. Fisquet, p. 17, no. 28. Duchesne, p. 417, no. 28.
  68. Back to citation Ebbo had been Abbot of St-Pierre le Vif; he was archbishop before 711, in 731 he placed himself at the head of his people to compel the Saracens to lift the siege of Sens. Fisquet, p. 17-18, no. 29. Duchesne, p. 417-418, no. 29.
  69. Back to citation Ardobert: Duchesne, p. 418, no. 31.
  70. Back to citation Hartbert is named in the acts of the Council of Soissons (March 744). Costambeys, Marios (Sep 2004). "Abel (fl. 744–747)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Jan 2010, online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
  71. Back to citation Lupus: Duchesne, p. 418, no. 32.
  72. Back to citation Bishop Wilchar was present at the Lateran Council (769)
  73. Back to citation Magnus was a former court chaplain of Charlemagne; bishop before 802 and author of a handbook of legislation he used when traveling as missus dominicus (royal agent for Charlemagne); died after 817
  74. Back to citation Archbishop Jeremias was ambassador at Rome of Louis the Pious in the affair of the Iconoclasts. He died in 828.
  75. Back to citation Alderic had been Abbot of Ferrières; consecrated Abbot of St. Maur des Fosses at Paris in 832
  76. Back to citation Archbishop Wenilo (Venilon) anointed Charles the Bald on 6 June 843 at the cathedral of Orléans, to the detriment of the archbishopric of Reims; his chorepiscopus (auxiliary bishop) was Audradus Modicus, author of theological writings including the poem "De Fonte Vitae" (dedicated to Hincmar) and the Book of Revelations, in which he sought to end the rift between Louis the Pious' sons. In 859 Charles the Bald accused Vénilon at the Council of Savonnières of having betrayed him; the matter resolved itself, but Vénilon was still considered guilty; the name of the traitor Ganelon (in the Chanson de Roland) is a corruption of Vénilon.
  77. Back to citation At the death of Emperor Louis II, Archbishop Ansegisus negotiated at Rome for Charles the Bald, bringing the letter of Pope John VIII inviting Charles to receive the imperial crown. Ansegisus was named by John VIII primate of the Gauls and Germania and vicar of the Holy See for France and Germany, and at the Council of Ponthion, was installed above the other metropolitans despite the Hincmar's opposition. In 880, he anointed Louis the Younger and Carloman II in the abbey of Ferrières. During the time of archbishop Ansegisus, while the See of Sens exercised primacy, a cleric compiled the Ecclesiastical Annals of Sens (French: Gestes des Archevêques de Sens), a history of the first two French dynasties.
  78. Back to citation Archbishop Walter (Vaulter, Gauthier) anointed Eudes in 888, Robert I in July 922, and Rudolph of France on 13 July 923 in the Church of St-Médard at Soissons; he inherited from his uncle Vaultier (Bishop of Orléans) a sacramentary composed between 855 and 873 for the Abbey of St-Amand at Puelle. This document (which he gave to the church of Sens) is an example of Carolingian art and is now in the National Library of Sweden. Fisquet, p. 30-32, no. 47.
  79. Back to citation Gauthier II: Fisquet, p. 32, no. 48.
  80. Back to citation Archbishop Sevinus presided at the Council of St-Basle, and incurred the disfavour of Hugh Capet by his opposition to the deposition of Arnoul.
  81. Back to citation Leotheric had been Treasurer of the Church of Sens. He received confirmation of his election, which was contested by Count Fromont of Sens on behalf of his son, from Pope Sylvester II, one of his former teachers. Fisquet, pp. 37-39.
  82. Back to citation Gilduin was deposed for simony by Pope Leo IX at the Council of Reims. The second half of the 11th century saw a decline in prestige for the Diocese of Sens. Fisquet, pp. 39-40.
  83. Back to citation Mainardus: Fisquet, pp. 40-41.
  84. Back to citation , Pope Gregory VII confirmed the primatial authority of Lyon, and subordinated the province of Sens to Lyon. Richerius died without having accepted this decision.
  85. Back to citation Daimbert had been archdeacon of Sens. He was elected by the Chapter in January 1097. but Bishop Ivo of Chartres refused to consecrate him because his election had been disorderly. Archbishop Hugues of Lyon approved of Ivo's action, but agreed to authorize Daimbert's consecration if he would agree to recognize the primacy of Lyon over Sens. Daimbert refused, and went to Rome, where he was consecrated by Pope Urban II in March 1098, after giving the pope the assurance that he recognized the primacy of Lyons. He attended the council of Fleury in 1110, and the council of Beauvais in 1114. In 1115 and again in 1119, he attended councils at Reims. He died on 28 November 1122. Fisquet, pp. 43-44.
  86. Back to citation Archbishop Sanglier caused the condemnation by a council in 1140 of certain propositions of Abelard. The see regained some prestige.
  87. Back to citation De Toucy crowned Constance (wife of King Louis VII) at Orléans in 1152 despite protests by the Archbishop of Reims; during de Toucy's episcopate Pope Alexander III (driven from Rome) installed the pontifical court at Sens for 18 months, on the advice of the bishops.
  88. Back to citation Guillaume was the son of Thibaud II, Count of Champagne, uncle of king Philip Augustus and first cousin of Henry II of France, who in 1172 in the name of Pope Alexander III placed the Kingdom of England under an interdict and in 1176 became Archbishop of Reims. Fisquet, pp. 48-51.
  89. Back to citation Guy de Noyers: Fisquet, pp. 51-52.
  90. Back to citation Michel was consecrated a bishop on 24 April 1194. He combated the Manichaean sect of poplicains, against whom he held the council of Sens in 1198. He died on 28 November 1999. Fisquet, pp. 52-55.
  91. Back to citation , who had been professor of theology to Pope Innocent III. Peter was appointed by Pope Innocent III in December 1200, after an election by the cathedral Chapter had been voided. He died on 3 June 1222. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 447.
  92. Back to citation Bishop Gauthier died on 20 April 1241. Eubel I, p. 447.
  93. Back to citation On the death of Archbishop Gauthier, the Chapter of Sens engaged in a divided election; some wanted the archbishop of Tours, Juhellus de Mathefelon, others wanted Gilo Cornuti, archdeacon of Sens and chaplain of Cardinal Jacques de Pecoraria. Appeal was made to the pope, but Gregory IX died in August 1241, Celestine IV died after 16 days as pope in November 1241, and Pope Innocent IV was not elected until 25 June 1243. He appointed a committee of three regional prelates to investigate the election. Ultimately, the election was voided and Innocent appointed Gilles Cornu on 17 April 1244. Gilles died in February 1254. Élie Berger, Les registres d'Innocent IV (in Latin), Vol. 1 (Paris: E. Thorin 1884), pp. 107-108, no. 624. Eubel I, p. 447, 503.
  94. Back to citation Henri Cornu was archdeacon of Chartres and a canon of Sens, as well as bishop-elect of Nevers. His election to the archbishopric of Sens was confirmed by Pope Innocent IV on 14 May 1254. He died on 21 October 1257. Élie Berger, Les registres d'Innocent IV (in Latin), Vol. 3 (Paris: E. Thorin-A. Fontemoing 1897), p. 422, no. 7562. Eubel I, p. 447.
  95. Back to citation Guillaume de Brosse: Eubel I, p. 447.
  96. Back to citation Philippe Leportier had been bishop of Cambrai (1306–1309); his successor was transferred to Cambrai on 29 July 1309. He was transferred to Sens by Pope John XXII on 1 October 1309, but was not granted his bulls of institution until 14 May 1311. He died in December 1316. Eubel I, pp. 160, 447 with note 6.
  97. Back to citation Guillaume was a canon of Sens. He was also Inquisitor of France. Eubel I, p. 447-448.
  98. Back to citation Bishop Guillaume erected at one of the doorways of the cathedral of Sens an equestrian statue of Philip VI of Valois to perpetuate the remembrance of the victory won by the clergy over the pretensions of Pierre de Cugnières
  99. Back to citation Philippe de Melun: Eubel I, p. 448.
  100. Back to citation Guillaume de Melun with King John II was taken prisoner by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356
  101. Back to citation Ademar had been Bishop of Lisieux (1359–1368), Bishop of Arras (1368–1371), and then of Terouane (Morinensis) (1371–1376). He died on 25 January 1385. Eubel I, pp. 304, 351, 448.
  102. Back to citation Gonterus had been Bishop of Le Mans (1367–1385). He was appointed archbishop of Sens by Pope Clement VII on 8 February 1385. He died on 19 July in the same year. Eubel I, pp. 181, 448.
  103. Back to citation Jean de Montaigu had been Bishop of Chartres (1390–1406. He was killed at the battle of Agincourt. William W. Kibler, Medieval France: An Encyclopedia (New York-London: Garland 1995), pp. 1195-1196. Juliet Barker, Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle That Made England, (Little, Brown and Co., 2005), Eubel I, p. 107.
  104. Back to citation At Troyes in 1420, Archbishop Henri the marriage of Henry V of England and Catherine of France.
  105. Back to citation Jean Nanton died on 30 June 1432. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, p. 235.
  106. Back to citation Louis de Melun had been archdeacon of Sens. He was appointed archbishop on 14 October 1432. Eubel II, p. 235.
  107. Back to citation Tristan, who held a licenciate in law, had been Bishop of Meaux (1473–1475). Archbishop Tristan de Salazar negotiated the first treaty of alliance between France and Switzerland. He celebrated provincial synods in 1485 and in 1511. Eubel II, pp. 189, 235.
  108. Back to citation Nicolas de Pellevé: Jean, p. 364, no. 95.
  109. Back to citation Renaud de Beaune was appointed by Henry IV of France on 26 May 1594, but lacked papal approval from Clement VIII. He obtained his papal bulls in 1602. He died in Paris on 27 September 1606. Jean, p. 364, no. 96. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 313 with note 2.
  110. Back to citation Jacques Davy du Perron's father was a physician, who embraced Calvinism and fled to Berne, where he became a pastor. Jean, p. 364-365, no. 97. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 313 with note 3. Joseph Bergin, The Making of the French Episcopate, 1589–1661 (New Haven-London: Yale UP 1996), pp. 206, 615.
  111. Back to citation Jean du Perron was the younger brother of Cardinal Duperron. He was only a cleric when made coadjutor-archbishop of Sens on 10 October 1617, for which he was consecrateed a bishop on 22 July 1618. He became archbishop on 5 September 1618. He died on 24 October 1621. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 313 with note 4. Bergin, pp. 206, 615.
  112. Back to citation Bellegarde: Jean, pp. 365, no. 99. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 313 with note 5. Bergin, p. 572.
  113. Back to citation Gondrin was underage when appointed by King Louis XIV, on the procuration of Archbishop de Bellegarde, his uncle. Gondrin's niece was Mme. de Montespan. Jean, pp. 365, no. 100. G. Dubois, Henri de Pardailhan de Gondrin, archevêque de Sens (1646-1674), (Paris, 1902). Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 313 with note 6. Bergin, p. 633.
  114. Back to citation Montpezat: Jean, p. 366, no. 101. Bergin, p. 675.
  115. Back to citation La Hoguette: Jean, p. 366, no. 102.
  116. Back to citation Chavigny: Jean, p. 366, no. 103.
  117. Back to citation (first biographer of Marie Alacoque and member of the French Academy). Jean, pp. 366-367, no. 104.
  118. Back to citation (Cardinal de Luynes after 1756 and member of the French Academy). Jean, p. 367, no. 105.
  119. Back to citation Loménie leld a licenciate in Canon Law, and had been vicar-general of Sens. He had been Bishop of Condom (1760–1763), and then Archbishop of Toulouse (1763–1788). He was confirmed as Archbishop of Sens by Pope Pius VI on 10 March 1788. He was Minister of Louis XVI, and named cardinal on 15 December 1788, procuring a coadjutor in the person of his nephew, Pierre de Loménie. During the French Revolution he swore the oath to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy but refused to consecrate the first constitutional bishops, returned to the pope his cardinal's hat, refused to become constitutional Bishop of Toulouse, was twice imprisoned by the Jacobins of Sens and died in prison of apoplexy, under sentence of death. Jean, pp. 367-368. Pisani, pp. 82-84. Joseph Perrin, Le cardinal de Loménie de Brienne, archevèque de Sens: ses dernières années.--Episodes de la Révolution, (in French), Sens: P. Duchemin, 1896. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, pp. 178 with note 4; 376 with note 5; 405 with note 5; 412 with note 5.
  120. Back to citation De La Fare took possession of the diocese of Sens, by procurator, on 31 October 1821. Chartraire, Cartulaire du Chapitre de Sens, pp. 284-285, no. 305.
  121. Back to citation Cosnac: Fisquet, pp. 173-183.
  122. Back to citation Jolly had been Bishop of Séez (1836–1844). He was nominated to Sens by King Louis-Philippe of France on 23 November 1843, and transferred to the archdiocese of Sens by Pope Gregory XVI on 25 January 1844. He resigned the diocese on 18 March 1867, and died on 22 April 1872. Fisquet, pp. 183-185. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VII, pp. 329-342.
  123. Back to citation Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sens, official website

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