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Cardinal electors in the 2025 conclave

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Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost was elected Pope Leo XIV by the conclave on 8 May 2025.

Cardinal electors in the 2025 conclave — The papal conclave of 2025 was convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Francis following his death on 21 April 2025. In accordance with the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, which governed the vacancy of the Holy See, only cardinals who had not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See became vacant (in this case, those who were born on or after 21 April 1945) were eligible to participate in the conclave.[1] Although not a formal requirement, the cardinal electors have almost always elected the pope from among their number. The election was carried out by secret ballot (Latin: per scrutinium).[1]

Of the 252 members of the College of Cardinals at the time of Francis's death, 135 cardinal electors were eligible to participate in the subsequent conclave.[2] Two cardinal electors did not attend, decreasing the number of participants to 133.[3][4] The required two-thirds supermajority needed to elect a pope was 89 votes.[5][1]

Of the 133 cardinal electors in attendance, 5 were cardinal bishops, 108 were cardinal priests, and 20 were cardinal deacons; 5 were created cardinals by Pope John Paul II, 20 by Pope Benedict XVI, and 108 by Pope Francis; 29 worked in the service of the Holy See (such as in the Roman Curia), 79 were in pastoral ministry outside Rome, and 26 were retired. The oldest cardinal elector was Carlos Osoro Sierra, at the age of 79, and the youngest was Mykola Bychok, at the age of 45. Another 116 cardinals were ineligible to participate in the conclave for reasons of age, the youngest of whom was George Alencherry, who had turned 80 on 19 April.[6][2]

The cardinal electors entered the Sistine Chapel to begin the conclave on 7 May 2025.[7] On 8 May, after four ballots over two days, they elected Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost, the prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops and president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America, who took the papal name Leo XIV.[8]

Cardinal electors

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders – cardinal bishops (CB), cardinal priests (CP), and cardinal deacons (CD) – with formal precedence in that sequence. This determines the order in which the cardinal electors process into the conclave, take the oath, and cast their ballots.[1] For cardinal bishops (except the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean of the College of Cardinals is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean,[9] and then by the remainder in order of appointment as cardinal bishops. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests, and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

Five of the cardinal electors were from the Eastern Catholic Churches: Louis Raphaël I Sako (Chaldean Church), Baselios Cleemis (Syro-Malankara Church), Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel (Ethiopian Church), Mykola Bychok (Ukrainian Greek Church), and George Koovakad (Syro-Malabar Church). Two Eastern Catholic cardinals were the first cardinals from their respective sui iuris churches ever to participate in a papal conclave: Chaldean Patriarch Sako,[10][11] and Ethiopian Archbishop Souraphiel.[12] The senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon, and the junior cardinal deacon, who were assigned specific roles in the conclave, such as preciding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope,[1] were, respectively, Pietro Parolin, Vinko Puljić, Dominique Mamberti, and George Koovakad. The camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, who was in charge of administering the Holy See during its vacancy, was Kevin Farrell.[1] Timothy Radcliffe was the only cardinal elector who was not a bishop.[13]

The table below is sorted by default in order of precedence of the cardinal electors, and contains information as of 21 April 2025, the date on which the Holy See became vacant upon Pope Francis's death. All cardinals listed were members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters. Cardinals in pastoral ministry are classified under the country in which their respective dioceses are located, although they may be citizens of another country.

  • Elected pope
Rank Name Country Born Order Consistory Office Ref.
1 Pietro Parolin Italy 17 January 1955
(age 70) 		CB 22 February 2014
Francis 		Secretary of State of His Holiness [14]
2 Fernando Filoni Italy 15 April 1946
(age 79) 		CB 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre [15]
3 Luis Antonio Tagle Philippines 21 June 1957
(age 67) 		CB 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Evangelization [16]
4 Robert Francis Prevost OSA* United States
Peru[17] 		14 September 1955
(age 69) 		CB 30 September 2023
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops [18]
5 Louis Raphaël I Sako Iraq 4 July 1948
(age 76) 		CB 28 June 2018
Francis 		Patriarch of Baghdad
(Chaldean Church) 		[19]
6 Vinko Puljić Bosnia and Herzegovina 8 September 1945
(age 79) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Vrhbosna [20]
7 Peter Turkson Ghana 11 October 1948
(age 76) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences [21]
8 Josip Bozanić Croatia 20 March 1949
(age 76) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Zagreb [22]
9 Philippe Barbarin France 17 October 1950
(age 74) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lyon [23]
10 Péter Erdő Hungary 25 June 1952
(age 72) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest [24]
11 Stanisław Ryłko Poland 4 July 1945
(age 79) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [25]
12 Francisco Robles Ortega Mexico 2 March 1949
(age 76) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Guadalajara [26]
13 Daniel DiNardo United States 23 May 1949
(age 75) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Galveston–Houston [27]
14 Odilo Scherer Brazil 21 September 1949
(age 75) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of São Paulo [28]
15 Robert Sarah Guinea 15 June 1945
(age 79) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [29]
16 Raymond Leo Burke United States 30 June 1948
(age 76) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Patron emeritus of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [30]
17 Kurt Koch Switzerland 15 March 1950
(age 75) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity [31]
18 Kazimierz Nycz Poland 1 February 1950
(age 75) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Warsaw [32]
19 Malcolm Ranjith Sri Lanka 15 November 1947
(age 77) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Colombo [33]
20 Reinhard Marx Germany 21 September 1953
(age 71) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Coordinator of the Council for the Economy [34]
21 João Braz de Aviz Brazil 24 April 1947
(age 77) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [35]
22 Thomas Collins Canada 16 January 1947
(age 78) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Toronto [36]
23 Wim Eijk Netherlands 22 June 1953
(age 71) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Utrecht [37]
24 Giuseppe Betori Italy 25 February 1947
(age 78) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Florence [38]
25 Timothy Dolan United States 6 February 1950
(age 75) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of New York [39]
26 Rainer Woelki Germany 18 August 1956
(age 68) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Cologne [40]
27 James Michael Harvey United States 20 October 1949
(age 75) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [41]
28 Baselios Cleemis India 15 June 1959
(age 65) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop of Trivandrum
(Syro-Malankara Church) 		[42]
29 Gerhard Ludwig Müller Germany 31 December 1947
(age 77) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith [43]
30 Vincent Nichols United Kingdom 8 November 1945
(age 79) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Westminster [44]
31 Leopoldo Brenes Nicaragua 7 March 1949
(age 76) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Managua [45]
32 Gérald Lacroix ISPX Canada 27 July 1957
(age 67) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Quebec [46]
33 Jean-Pierre Kutwa Ivory Coast 22 December 1945
(age 79) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Abidjan [47]
34 Orani João Tempesta OCist Brazil 23 June 1950
(age 74) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro [48]
35 Mario Aurelio Poli Argentina 29 November 1947
(age 77) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Buenos Aires [49]
36 Philippe Ouédraogo Burkina Faso 31 December 1945[50]
(age 79) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Ouagadougou [51]
37 Chibly Langlois Haiti 29 November 1958
(age 66) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Bishop of Les Cayes [52]
38 Manuel Clemente Portugal 16 July 1948
(age 76) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Patriarch emeritus of Lisbon [53]
39 Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel CM Ethiopia 14 July 1948
(age 76) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Addis Abeba
(Ethiopian Church) 		[54]
40 John Dew New Zealand 5 May 1948
(age 76) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Wellington [55]
41 Charles Maung Bo SDB Myanmar 29 October 1948
(age 76) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Yangon [56]
42 Kriengsak Kovitvanit Thailand 27 June 1949
(age 75) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok [57]
43 Francesco Montenegro Italy 22 May 1946
(age 78) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Agrigento [58]
44 Daniel Sturla SDB Uruguay 4 July 1959
(age 65) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Montevideo [59]
45 Arlindo Gomes Furtado Cape Verde 15 November 1949
(age 75) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde [60]
46 Soane Patita Paini Mafi Tonga 19 December 1961
(age 63) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop of Tonga [61]
47 Dieudonné Nzapalainga CSSp Central African Republic 14 March 1967
(age 58) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Bangui [62]
48 Carlos Osoro Sierra Spain 16 May 1945
(age 79) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Madrid [63]
49 Sérgio da Rocha Brazil 21 October 1959
(age 65) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia [64]
50 Blase J. Cupich United States 19 March 1949
(age 76) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Chicago [65]
51 Jozef De Kesel Belgium 17 June 1947
(age 77) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels [66]
52 Carlos Aguiar Retes Mexico 9 January 1950
(age 75) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Mexico [67]
53 John Ribat MSC Papua New Guinea 9 February 1957
(age 68) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Port Moresby [68]
54 Joseph W. Tobin CSsR United States 3 May 1952
(age 72) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Newark [69]
55 Juan José Omella Spain 21 April 1946
(age 79) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Archbishop of Barcelona [70]
56 Anders Arborelius OCD Sweden 24 September 1949
(age 75) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Bishop of Stockholm [71]
57 Angelo De Donatis Italy 4 January 1954
(age 71) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Major Penitentiary [72]
58 Joseph Coutts Pakistan 21 July 1945
(age 79) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Karachi [73]
59 António Marto Portugal 5 May 1947
(age 77) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Leiria–Fátima [74]
60 Désiré Tsarahazana Madagascar 13 June 1954
(age 70) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Toamasina [75]
61 Giuseppe Petrocchi Italy 19 August 1948
(age 76) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of L'Aquila [76]
62 Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda Japan 3 March 1949
(age 76) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Osaka–Takamatsu [77]
63 Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo Indonesia 9 July 1950
(age 74) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Jakarta [78]
64 Juan García Rodríguez Cuba 11 July 1948
(age 76) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana [79]
65 Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCap Democratic Republic of the Congo 24 January 1960
(age 65) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Kinshasa [80]
66 Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ Luxembourg 9 August 1958
(age 66) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Luxembourg [81]
67 Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri Guatemala 16 July 1947
(age 77) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Bishop of Huehuetenango [82]
68 Matteo Zuppi Italy 11 October 1955
(age 69) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Bologna [83]
69 Cristóbal López Romero SDB Morocco[84] 19 May 1952
(age 72) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Rabat [85]
70 Antoine Kambanda Rwanda 10 November 1958
(age 66) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Kigali [86]
71 Wilton Daniel Gregory United States 7 December 1947
(age 77) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Washington [87]
72 Jose Advincula OP Philippines 30 March 1952
(age 73) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Manila [88]
73 Augusto Paolo Lojudice Italy 1 July 1964
(age 60) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Siena–Colle di Val d'Elsa–Montalcino and Bishop of Montepulciano–Chiusi–Pienza [89]
74 Jean-Marc Aveline France 26 December 1958
(age 66) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Marseille [90]
75 Peter Okpaleke Nigeria 1 March 1963
(age 62) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Bishop of Ekwulobia [91]
76 Leonardo Ulrich Steiner OFM Brazil 6 November 1950
(age 74) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Manaus [92]
77 Filipe Neri Ferrão India 20 January 1953
(age 72) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Goa and Daman and Patriarch of the East Indies [93]
78 Robert McElroy United States 5 February 1954
(age 71) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Washington [94]
79 Virgílio do Carmo da Silva SDB Timor-Leste 27 November 1967
(age 57) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Díli [95]
80 Oscar Cantoni Italy 1 September 1950
(age 74) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Bishop of Como [96]
81 Anthony Poola India 15 November 1961
(age 63) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Hyderabad [97]
82 Paulo Cezar Costa Brazil 20 July 1967
(age 57) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Brasília [98]
83 William Goh Singapore 25 June 1957
(age 67) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Singapore [99]
84 Adalberto Martínez Flores Paraguay 8 July 1951
(age 73) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Asunción [100]
85 Giorgio Marengo IMC Mongolia[101] 7 June 1974
(age 50) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Apostolic Prefect of Ulaanbaatar [102]
86 Pierbattista Pizzaballa OFM Jerusalem[103] 21 April 1965
(age 60) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem [104]
87 Stephen Brislin South Africa 24 September 1956
(age 68) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Johannesburg [105]
88 Ángel Sixto Rossi SJ Argentina 11 August 1958
(age 66) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Córdoba [106]
89 Luis José Rueda Aparicio Colombia 3 March 1962
(age 63) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Bogotá [107]
90 Grzegorz Ryś Poland 9 February 1964
(age 61) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Łódź [108]
91 Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla South Sudan 10 January 1964
(age 61) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Juba [109]
92 José Cobo Cano Spain 20 September 1965
(age 59) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Madrid [110]
93 Protase Rugambwa Tanzania 31 May 1960
(age 64) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Tabora [111]
94 Sebastian Francis Malaysia 11 November 1951
(age 73) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Bishop of Penang [112]
95 Stephen Chow Sau-yan SJ China
(Hong Kong)[113] 		7 August 1959
(age 65) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Bishop of Hong Kong [114]
96 François-Xavier Bustillo OFMConv France[115] 23 November 1968
(age 56) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Bishop of Ajaccio [116]
97 Américo Aguiar Portugal 12 December 1973
(age 51) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Bishop of Setúbal [117]
98 Carlos Castillo Mattasoglio Peru 28 February 1950
(age 75) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Lima [118]
99 Vicente Bokalic Iglic CM Argentina 11 June 1952
(age 72) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Santiago del Estero [118]
100 Luis Cabrera Herrera OFM Ecuador 11 October 1955
(age 69) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Guayaquil [118]
101 Fernando Chomalí Garib Chile 10 March 1957
(age 68) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Santiago de Chile [118]
102 Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi SVD Japan 1 November 1958
(age 66) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Tokyo [118]
103 Pablo Virgilio David Philippines 2 March 1959
(age 66) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Bishop of Kalookan [118]
104 Ladislav Nemet SVD Serbia[119] 7 September 1956
(age 68) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Belgrade [118]
105 Jaime Spengler OFM Brazil 6 September 1960
(age 64) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Porto Alegre [118]
106 Ignace Bessi Dogbo Ivory Coast 17 August 1961
(age 63) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Abidjan [118]
107 Jean-Paul Vesco OP Algeria[120] 10 March 1962
(age 63) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Algiers [118]
108 Dominique Mathieu OFMConv Iran[121] 13 June 1963
(age 61) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Tehran–Isfahan [118]
109 Roberto Repole Italy 29 January 1967
(age 58) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Turin and Bishop of Susa [118]
110 Baldassare Reina Italy 26 November 1970
(age 54) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [118]
111 Frank Leo Canada 30 June 1971
(age 53) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Toronto [118]
112 Mykola Bychok CSsR Australia[122] 13 February 1980
(age 45) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Eparch of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne
(Ukrainian Greek Church) 		[118]
113 Domenico Battaglia Italy 20 January 1963
(age 62) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Naples [118]
114 Dominique Mamberti France 7 March 1952
(age 73) 		CD 14 February 2015
Francis 		Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura [123]
115 Mario Zenari Italy 5 January 1946
(age 79) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio to Syria [124]
116 Kevin Farrell United States[125] 2 September 1947
(age 77) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church [126]
117 Konrad Krajewski Poland 25 November 1963
(age 61) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Almoner of His Holiness [127]
118 José Tolentino de Mendonça Portugal 15 December 1965
(age 59) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Culture and Education [128]
119 Michael Czerny SJ Canada[129] 18 July 1946
(age 78) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development [130]
120 Mario Grech Malta 20 February 1957
(age 68) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Secretary-General of the Synod of Bishops [131]
121 Marcello Semeraro Italy 22 December 1947
(age 77) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints [132]
122 Mauro Gambetti OFMConv Italy 27 October 1965
(age 59) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter [133]
123 Arthur Roche United Kingdom 6 March 1950
(age 75) 		CD 27 August 2022
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [134]
124 Lazarus You Heung-sik South Korea 17 November 1951
(age 73) 		CD 27 August 2022
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Clergy [135]
125 Claudio Gugerotti Italy 7 October 1955
(age 69) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches [136]
126 Víctor Manuel Fernández Argentina 18 July 1962
(age 62) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith [137]
127 Emil Paul Tscherrig Switzerland 3 February 1947
(age 78) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Italy and San Marino [138]
128 Christophe Pierre France 30 January 1946
(age 79) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio to the United States [139]
129 Ángel Fernández Artime SDB Spain 21 August 1960
(age 64) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [140]
130 Rolandas Makrickas Lithuania 31 January 1972
(age 53) 		CD 7 December 2024
Francis 		Coadjutor Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [118]
131 Timothy Radcliffe OP United Kingdom 22 August 1945
(age 79) 		CD 7 December 2024
Francis 		Master emeritus of the Order of Preachers[141] [118]
132 Fabio Baggio CS Italy 15 January 1965
(age 60) 		CD 7 December 2024
Francis 		Undersecretary of the Migrants and Refugees Section of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development [118]
133 George Koovakad India 11 August 1973
(age 51) 		CD 7 December 2024
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue
(Syro-Malabar Church) 		[118]

Not in attendance

Vinko Puljić initially announced that he did not plan to attend the conclave because of his health,[142] but later decided to participate after receiving medical clearance.[143]

Rank Name Country Born Order Consistory Office Reason for absence Refs.
1 Antonio Cañizares Llovera Spain 15 October 1945
(age 79) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Valencia Health [4][144]
2 John Njue Kenya 1 January 1946[145]
(age 79) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Nairobi Health[146] [4][147]

Cardinal electors by continent and country

The 133 cardinal electors in attendance represented 70 countries on all six inhabited continents. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinal electors were Italy (seventeen), the United States (ten), and Brazil (seven). The statistics for the global distribution of Catholics in the table below are sourced from the 2023 edition of the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Statistical Yearbook of the Church), published in 2025.[148]

Cardinal electors by region
Graphic with the numbers of cardinal electors in attendance from each region
Region Number
Italy 17
Rest of Europe 35
North America 20
South America 17
Asia 23
Oceania 4
Africa 17
Total 133
  • Continent or country of elected pope
Cardinal electors by continent
Continent Number Percentage Percentage of global Catholic population (2023)
Africa 17 12.8% 20.0%
North America* 20 15.0% 20.4%
South America 17 12.8% 27.4%
Asia 23 17.3% 11.0%
Europe 52 39.1% 20.4%
Oceania 4 3.0% 0.8%
Total 133 100.0% 100.0%
Cardinal electors by country
Country Continent Number
Algeria Africa 1
Argentina South America 4
Australia Oceania 1
Belgium Europe 1
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 1
Brazil South America 7
Burkina Faso Africa 1
Canada North America 4
Cape Verde Africa 1
Central African Republic Africa 1
Chile South America 1
Colombia South America 1
DR Congo Africa 1
Croatia Europe 1
Cuba North America 1
Ecuador South America 1
Ethiopia Africa 1
France Europe 5
Germany Europe 3
Ghana Africa 1
Guatemala North America 1
Guinea Africa 1
Haiti North America 1
Hong Kong (China)[113] Asia 1
Hungary Europe 1
India Asia 4
Indonesia Asia 1
Iran Asia 1
Iraq Asia 1
Italy Europe 17
Ivory Coast Africa 2
Japan Asia 2
Jerusalem[103] Asia 1
South Korea Asia 1
Lithuania Europe 1
Luxembourg Europe 1
Madagascar Africa 1
Malaysia Asia 1
Malta Europe 1
Mexico North America 2
Mongolia Asia 1
Morocco Africa 1
Myanmar Asia 1
Netherlands Europe 1
New Zealand Oceania 1
Nicaragua North America 1
Nigeria Africa 1
Pakistan Asia 1
Papua New Guinea Oceania 1
Paraguay South America 1
Peru South America 1
Philippines Asia 3
Poland Europe 4
Portugal Europe 4
Rwanda Africa 1
Serbia Europe 1
Singapore Asia 1
South Africa Africa 1
South Sudan Africa 1
Spain Europe 4
Sri Lanka Asia 1
Sweden Europe 1
Switzerland Europe 2
Tanzania Africa 1
Thailand Asia 1
Timor-Leste Asia 1
Tonga Oceania 1
United Kingdom Europe 3
United States* North America 10
Uruguay South America 1
Total 133

See also

References

  1. Back to citation occurrence 1.0 Back to citation occurrence 1.1 Back to citation occurrence 1.2 Back to citation occurrence 1.3 Back to citation occurrence 1.4 Back to citation occurrence 1.5 Pope John Paul II (22 February 1996). "Universi Dominici Gregis". The Holy See (Apostolic constitution). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  2. Back to citation occurrence 2.0 Back to citation occurrence 2.1 Quiñones, Kate (22 April 2025). "General congregation begins: Cardinals suspend beatifications, swear to secrecy". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 23 April 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  3. Back to citation Mares, Courtney (2 May 2025). "2025 conclave to be largest in Catholic Church's history". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 2 May 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  4. Back to citation occurrence 4.0 Back to citation occurrence 4.1 Back to citation occurrence 4.2 Millare, Kristina (30 April 2025). "2 cardinal electors, from Spain and Kenya, will not attend upcoming conclave". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.
  5. Back to citation Since the promulgation of Romano Pontifici eligendo (1975), Pope Paul VI (1 October 1975). "Romano Pontifici Eligendo" (Apostolic constitution) (in Latin). Holy See. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2025. there has been a nominal maximum of 120 cardinal electors in a conclave, a rule reaffirmed in Universi Dominici gregis (1996). Pope John Paul II (22 February 1996). "Universi Dominici Gregis". The Holy See (Apostolic constitution). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2013. The 2025 conclave was the first since the introduction of this maximum in which there have been more than 120 eligible cardinal electors. Mares, Courtney (2 May 2025). "2025 conclave to be largest in Catholic Church's history". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 2 May 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2025. Condon, Ed (10 March 2025). "Is there really a limit on the number of cardinals in a conclave?". The Pillar. Archived from the original on 10 March 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025. Many canon lawyers took the opinion that the pope is not bound by this rule when choosing to appoint cardinal electors, and all eligible electors retain the right to participate in a conclave notwithstanding the nominal maximum. Condon, Ed (10 March 2025). "Is there really a limit on the number of cardinals in a conclave?". The Pillar. Archived from the original on 10 March 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025. Allen, John L. Jr. (23 July 2002). Conclave: The Politics, Personalities, and Process of the Next Papal Election. New York: Doubleday. p. 110. ISBN 9780385504560. Retrieved 22 April 2025 – via Google Books. On 30 April 2025, the Congregation of Cardinals confirmed that all eligible cardinal electors would be able to participate in the forthcoming conclave. "Declaration of the Congregation of Cardinals" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 30 April 2025. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.
  6. Back to citation Giovanni Angelo Becciu, despite being under the age of 80, resigned the rights and privileges of a cardinal in 2020, making him ineligible to participate in the conclave as an elector. His exclusion was confirmed by the Congregation of Cardinals on 30 April 2025. "Declaration of the Congregation of Cardinals" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 30 April 2025. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025. Condon, Ed (3 December 2020). "Analysis: Is there a road back for Cardinal Becciu?". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  7. Back to citation Winfield, Nicole; Barry, Colleen (28 April 2025). "Conclave to elect a new pope will start on May 7". AP News. Archived from the original on 28 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
  8. Back to citation "Leo XIV is the new Pope". Vatican News. 8 May 2025. Archived from the original on 8 May 2025. Retrieved 8 May 2025.
  9. Back to citation Neither the dean (Giovanni Battista Re) nor the vice-dean (Leonardo Sandri) were under the age of 80 and eligible to participate in the conclave. Bubola, Emma (22 April 2025). "Who Is Giovanni Battista Re, the Cardinal Presiding Over Pope Francis' Funeral?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 April 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  10. Back to citation "Patriarch Sako will be Chaldean Catholics' first voting cardinal". Catholic News Agency. 27 June 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
  11. Back to citation Patriarch Sako is the second Chaldean Catholic patriarch to be made cardinal, the first being his predecessor Emmanuel III Delly who was created cardinal-patriarch in 2007 but was never a cardinal-elector having already turned 80. Allen Jr., John L. (17 October 2007). "Complete List of New Cardinals". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2018. "Titular Churches of the new Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church". Office of Papal Liturgical Celebrations. 24 November 2007. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2018. Salvador Miranda. "Delly, Emmanuel III". Retrieved 11 May 2025.
  12. Back to citation Cardinal Souraphiel is the second Ethiopian cardinal, the first being his immediate predecessor Paulos Tzadua who turned 80 before having an opportunity to participate in a conclave. Salvador Miranda. "Tzadua, Paulos". Archived from the original on 27 November 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
  13. Back to citation "Los que visten diferente: 5 cardenales de distintos ritos que elegirán al próximo Papa". ACI Prensa (in Spanish). 3 May 2025. Archived from the original on 3 May 2025. Retrieved 3 May 2025.
  14. Back to citation "Parolin Card. Pietro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  15. Back to citation "Filoni Card. Fernando". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  16. Back to citation "Tagle Card. Luis Antonio Gokim". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  17. Back to citation This person holds multiple citizenship.
  18. Back to citation "Rinunce e nomine, 06.02.2025". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 23 February 2025. Retrieved 6 February 2025.
  19. Back to citation "Sako Card. Louis Raphaël I". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
  20. Back to citation "Puljić Card. Vinko". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  21. Back to citation "Turkson Card. Peter Kodwo Appiah". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  22. Back to citation "Bozanić Card. Josip". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  23. Back to citation "Barbarin Card. Philippe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  24. Back to citation "Erdő Card. Péter". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  25. Back to citation "Ryłko Card. Stanisław". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  26. Back to citation "Robles Ortega Card. Francisco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  27. Back to citation "DiNardo Card. Daniel Nicholas". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  28. Back to citation "Scherer Card. Odilo Pedro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  29. Back to citation "Sarah Card. Robert". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  30. Back to citation "Burke Card. Raymond Leo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  31. Back to citation "Koch Card. Kurt". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  32. Back to citation "Nycz Card. Kazimierz". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  33. Back to citation "Patabendige Don Card. Albert Malcolm Ranjith". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  34. Back to citation "Marx Card. Reinhard". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  35. Back to citation "Aviz Card. João Braz de". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  36. Back to citation "Collins Card. Thomas Christopher". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  37. Back to citation "Eijk Card. Willem Jacobus". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  38. Back to citation "Betori Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  39. Back to citation "Dolan Card. Timothy Michael". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  40. Back to citation "Woelki Card. Rainer Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  41. Back to citation "Harvey Card. James Michael". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  42. Back to citation "Baselios Card. Cleemis". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  43. Back to citation "Müller Card. Gerhard Ludwig". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  44. Back to citation "Nichols Card. Vincent Gerard". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  45. Back to citation "Brenes Solórzano Card. Leopoldo José". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  46. Back to citation "Lacroix Card. Gérald Cyprien, I.S.P.X." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  47. Back to citation "Kutwa Card. Jean-Pierre". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  48. Back to citation "Tempesta Card. Orani João, OCist". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  49. Back to citation "Poli Card. Mario Aurelio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  50. Back to citation Ouédraogo's actual date of birth is unknown. In the 2024 edition of the Annuario Pontificio, the annual directory of the Holy See, his birth date was revised from 25 January 1945 to 31 December, a placeholder date used by the Burkina Faso government. Ouédraogo adopted 25 January as his date of birth "at random" to enrol in a health-insurance programme in 1973. de Pontac, Gonzague (18 March 2025). "Age mix-up restores Burkina Faso's eligibility to vote in next conclave". La Croix International. Archived from the original on 20 March 2025. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
  51. Back to citation "Ouédraogo Card. Philippe Nakellentuba". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  52. Back to citation "Langlois Card. Chibly". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  53. Back to citation "Clemente Card. Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  54. Back to citation "Souraphiel Card. Berhaneyesus Demerew, C.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  55. Back to citation "Dew Card. John Atcherley". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  56. Back to citation "Bo Card. Charles Maung, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 31 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  57. Back to citation "Kovithavanij Card. Francis Xavier Kriengsak". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  58. Back to citation "Montenegro Card. Francesco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  59. Back to citation "Sturla Berhouet Card. Daniel Fernando, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  60. Back to citation "Furtado Card. Arlindo Gomes". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  61. Back to citation "Mafi Card. Soane Patita Paini". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  62. Back to citation "Nzapalainga Card. Dieudonné, C.S.Sp". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  63. Back to citation "Osoro Sierra Card. Carlos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  64. Back to citation "da Rocha Card. Sérgio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  65. Back to citation "Cupich Card. Blase J." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  66. Back to citation "De Kesel Card. Jozef". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  67. Back to citation "Aguiar Retes Card. Carlos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  68. Back to citation "Ribat Card. John, M.S.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  69. Back to citation "Tobin Card. Joseph William, C.SS.R." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  70. Back to citation "Omella Card. Juan José". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  71. Back to citation "Arborelius Card. Anders, OCD". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  72. Back to citation "De Donatis Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  73. Back to citation "Coutts Card. Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  74. Back to citation "Marto Card. António Augusto dos Santos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  75. Back to citation "Tsarahazana Card. Désiré". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  76. Back to citation "Petrocchi Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  77. Back to citation "Maeda Card. Thomas Aquino Manyo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  78. Back to citation "Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo Card. Ignatius". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  79. Back to citation "García Rodríguez Card. Juan de la Caridad". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  80. Back to citation "Ambongo Besungu Card. Fridolin, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  81. Back to citation "Hollerich Card. Jean-Claude, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  82. Back to citation "Ramazzini Imeri Card. Álvaro Leonel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  83. Back to citation "Zuppi Card. Matteo Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  84. Back to citation López Romero was born in Spain and had served as a bishop in Morocco since 2018.
  85. Back to citation "López Romero Card. Cristóbal, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  86. Back to citation "Kambanda Card. Antoine". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  87. Back to citation "Gregory Card. Wilton Daniel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  88. Back to citation "Advincula Card. Jose Fuerte". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  89. Back to citation "Lojudice Card. Augusto Paolo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  90. Back to citation "Aveline Card. Jean-Marc". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  91. Back to citation "Okpaleke Card. Peter Ebere". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  92. Back to citation "Steiner Card. Leonardo Ulrich, OFM". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  93. Back to citation "Ferrão Card. Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  94. Back to citation "McElroy Card. Robert Walter". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  95. Back to citation "do Carmo da Silva Card. Virgilio, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  96. Back to citation "Cantoni Card. Oscar". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  97. Back to citation "Poola Card. Anthony". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  98. Back to citation "Costa Card. Paulo Ceza". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  99. Back to citation "Goh Card. William Seng Chye". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  100. Back to citation "Martínez Flores Card. Adalberto". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  101. Back to citation Marengo was born in Italy and had served as a bishop in Mongolia since 2020.
  102. Back to citation "Marengo Card. Giorgio, I.M.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  103. Back to citation occurrence 103.0 Back to citation occurrence 103.1 The jurisdiction of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, based in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City in East Jerusalem, is multinational and encompasses Cyprus, Jordan, Israel and Palestine. In its statistical report of the College of Cardinals, the Holy See Press Office lists Pizzaballa's country as "Jerusalem". "Composition of Cardinals according to geographical region". Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 4 October 2023. Pizzaballa was born in Italy and has served as a bishop in Jerusalem since 2016.
  104. Back to citation "Pizzaballa Card. Pierbattista, OFM". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  105. Back to citation "Brislin Card. Stephen". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  106. Back to citation "Rossi Card. Ángel Sixto, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  107. Back to citation "Rueda Aparicio Card. Luis José". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  108. Back to citation "Ryś Card. Grzegorz". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  109. Back to citation "Mulla Card. Stephen Ameyu Martin". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  110. Back to citation "Cobo Cano Card. José". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  111. Back to citation "Rugambwa Card. Protase". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  112. Back to citation "Francis Card. Sebastian". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  113. Back to citation occurrence 113.0 Back to citation occurrence 113.1 Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China.
  114. Back to citation "Chow Sau-yan Card. Stephen, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 April 2025. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  115. Back to citation Bustillo was born in Spain and had served as a bishop in France since 2021.
  116. Back to citation "Bustsillo Card. François-Xavier, OFMConv". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 December 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  117. Back to citation "Aguiar Alves Card. Américo Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  118. Back to citation occurrence 118.00 Back to citation occurrence 118.01 Back to citation occurrence 118.02 Back to citation occurrence 118.03 Back to citation occurrence 118.04 Back to citation occurrence 118.05 Back to citation occurrence 118.06 Back to citation occurrence 118.07 Back to citation occurrence 118.08 Back to citation occurrence 118.09 Back to citation occurrence 118.10 Back to citation occurrence 118.11 Back to citation occurrence 118.12 Back to citation occurrence 118.13 Back to citation occurrence 118.14 Back to citation occurrence 118.15 Back to citation occurrence 118.16 Back to citation occurrence 118.17 Back to citation occurrence 118.18 Back to citation occurrence 118.19 "Announcement of Consistory on 8 December for the creation of new Cardinals, 06.10.2024" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 6 October 2024. Archived from the original on 23 February 2025. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  119. Back to citation Nemet was born in Serbia into an ethnically Hungarian family and describes himself as Hungarian. He has worked in Serbia since 2008.
  120. Back to citation Vesco was born in France and had served as a bishop in Algeria since 2012.
  121. Back to citation Mathieu was born in Belgium and had served as a bishop in Iran since 2021.
  122. Back to citation Bychok was born in Ukraine and had served as a bishop in Australia since 2020.
  123. Back to citation "Mamberti Card. Dominique". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  124. Back to citation "Zenari Card. Mario". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  125. Back to citation Farrell was born in Ireland, was incardinated as a priest in the United States in 1984 and served as a bishop there from 2001 to 2016.
  126. Back to citation "Farrell Card. Kevin Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  127. Back to citation "Krajewski Card. Konrad". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  128. Back to citation "Mendonça Card. José Tolentino de". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  129. Back to citation Czerny was born in Czechoslovakia (in the present-day Czech Republic) and emigrated to Canada as a child.
  130. Back to citation "Czerny Card. Michael, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  131. Back to citation "Grech Card. Mario". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  132. Back to citation "Semeraro Card. Marcello". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  133. Back to citation "Gambetti Card. Mauro, OFMConv". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  134. Back to citation "Roche Card. Arthur". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  135. Back to citation "You Heung-sik Card. Lazzaro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  136. Back to citation "Gugerotti Card. Claudio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  137. Back to citation "Fernández Card. Víctor Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  138. Back to citation "Tscherrig Card. Emil Paul". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  139. Back to citation "Pierre Card. Christophe Louis Yves Georges". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  140. Back to citation "Fernández Artime Card. Ángel, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 23 February 2025. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  141. Back to citation Radcliffe was granted a dispensation by Pope Francis not to be ordained a bishop before being created a cardinal. "Los que visten diferente: 5 cardenales de distintos ritos que elegirán al próximo Papa". ACI Prensa (in Spanish). 3 May 2025. Archived from the original on 3 May 2025. Retrieved 3 May 2025. "Fr Timothy Radcliffe OP created a cardinal". St John's College, Oxford. 9 December 2024. Archived from the original on 9 December 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
  142. Back to citation "Puljić neće sudjelovati u izboru pape". Bljesak.info (in Croatian). 21 April 2025. Archived from the original on 21 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  143. Back to citation Zampelli, Domenico (24 April 2025). "Puljić Joins the Conclave". Il Mattino. Archived from the original on 25 April 2025. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
  144. Back to citation "Cañizares Llovera Card. Antonio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  145. Back to citation In 2025, the Holy See Press Office's list of cardinal electors and information page for Njue gave his date of birth as 1 January 1946, but previously stated that he was "born in 1944" "Njue Card. John". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017. or on 31 December 1944. "Cardinals electors". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024.
  146. Back to citation Njue said in an interview on 5 May 2025 that he had not received a formal invitation to participate in the conclave, but Philip Anyolo, Archbishop of Nairobi, clarified that Njue was unable to travel to Rome because of his health. Ondieki, Elvis (6 May 2025). "Nairobi Archdiocese responds to Cardinal Njue's comments". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  147. Back to citation "Njue Card. John". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  148. Back to citation Cardiel, Victoria (21 March 2025). "Worldwide Catholic population hits 1.4 billion". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 22 March 2025. Retrieved 21 March 2025.
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