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Cardinal electors in the 2013 conclave

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Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected Pope Francis by the conclave on 13 March 2013.

Cardinal electors in the 2013 conclave — The papal conclave of 2013 was convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Benedict XVI following his resignation on 28 February 2013. In accordance with the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, which governed the vacancy of the Holy See, only cardinals who had not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the Holy See became vacant (in this case, those who were born on or after 28 February 1933) were eligible to participate in the conclave.[1] Although not a formal requirement, the cardinal electors almost always elect the pope from among their number. The election was carried out by secret ballot (Latin: per scrutinium).[1]

Of the 207 members of the College of Cardinals at the time of Benedict XVI's resignation, 117 cardinal electors were eligible to participate in the subsequent conclave.[2][3] Two cardinal electors did not participate, decreasing the number of participants to 115.[4][5] The required two-thirds supermajority needed to elect a pope was 77 votes.[1][6]

Of the 115 attending cardinal electors, 4 were cardinal bishops, 81 were cardinal priests, and 30 were cardinal deacons; 48 had been created cardinals by Pope John Paul II and 67 by Pope Benedict XVI; 29 worked in the service of the Holy See (such as in the Roman Curia), 61 were in pastoral ministry outside Rome, and 25 had retired. The oldest cardinal elector in the conclave was Walter Kasper, at the age of 79,[7][8] and the youngest was Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal, at the age of 53.[9] Another 90 cardinals were ineligible to participate in the conclave for reasons of age.[3]

The cardinal electors entered the Sistine Chapel to begin the conclave on 12 March 2013.[10][11] On 13 March, after five ballots over two days, they elected Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, the archbishop of Buenos Aires, who took the papal name Francis.[12][13]

Cardinal electors

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders – cardinal bishops (CB), cardinal priests (CP), and cardinal deacons (CD) – with formal precedence in that sequence. This determines the order in which the cardinal electors process into the conclave, take the oath, and cast their ballots.[1] For cardinal bishops (except the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean of the College of Cardinals is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean,[14] and then by the remainder in order of appointment as cardinal bishops. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests, and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.[5]

Four of the cardinal electors were from the Eastern Catholic Churches: Antonios Naguib (Coptic), Béchara Boutros Raï (Maronite), George Alencherry (Syro-Malabar), and Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal (Syro-Malankara). Raï and Thottunkal were the first cardinals from their respective churches to participate in a conclave.[15][16] The senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon, and the junior cardinal deacon, who were assigned specific roles in the conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon),[1] were, respectively, Giovanni Battista Re, Godfried Danneels, Jean-Louis Tauran, and James Michael Harvey.[5] The camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, who was in charge of administering the Holy See during its vacancy, was Tarcisio Bertone.[1][17]

The data below are as of 28 February 2013, the date on which the Holy See became vacant. All cardinals are of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters.

  • Elected pope
Rank Name Country Born Order Consistory Office Ref.
1 Giovanni Battista Re Italy 30 January 1934
(age 79) 		CB 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops [18]
2 Tarcisio Bertone SDB Italy 2 December 1934
(age 78) 		CB 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Secretary of State and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church [17]
3 Antonios Naguib Egypt 18 March 1935
(age 77) 		CB 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Patriarch emeritus of Alexandria
(Coptic Church) 		[19]
4 Béchara Boutros Raï OMM Lebanon 25 February 1940
(age 73) 		CB 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Patriarch of Antioch
(Maronite Church) 		[20]
5 Godfried Danneels Belgium 4 June 1933
(age 79) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels [21]
6 Joachim Meisner Germany 25 December 1933
(age 79) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Cologne [22]
7 Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez Dominican Republic 31 October 1936
(age 76) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Santo Domingo [23]
8 Roger Michael Mahony United States 27 February 1936
(age 77) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles [24]
9 Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino Cuba 18 October 1936
(age 76) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana [25]
10 Jean-Claude Turcotte Canada 26 June 1936
(age 76) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Montreal [26]
11 Vinko Puljić Bosnia and Herzegovina 8 September 1945
(age 67) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Vrhbosna [27]
12 Juan Sandoval Íñiguez Mexico 28 March 1933
(age 79) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara [28]
13 Antonio María Rouco Varela Spain 20 August 1936
(age 76) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Madrid [29]
14 Dionigi Tettamanzi Italy 14 March 1934
(age 78) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Milan [30]
15 Polycarp Pengo Tanzania 5 August 1944
(age 68) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam [31]
16 Christoph Schönborn OP Austria 22 January 1945
(age 68) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Vienna [32]
17 Norberto Rivera Carrera Mexico 6 June 1942
(age 70) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Mexico [33]
18 Francis Eugene George OMI United States 16 January 1937
(age 76) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Chicago [34]
19 Zenon Grocholewski Poland 11 October 1939
(age 73) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education [35]
20 Crescenzio Sepe Italy 2 June 1943
(age 69) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Naples [36]
21 Walter Kasper[7] Germany 5 March 1933
(age 79) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity [8]
22 Ivan Dias India 14 April 1936
(age 76) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples [37]
23 Geraldo Majella Agnelo Brazil 19 October 1933
(age 79) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of São Salvador da Bahia [38]
24 Audrys Juozas Bačkis Lithuania 1 February 1937
(age 76) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Vilnius [39]
25 Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch Chile 5 September 1933
(age 79) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [40]
26 Julio Terrazas Sandoval CSsR Bolivia 7 March 1936
(age 76) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra [41]
27 Wilfrid Fox Napier OFM South Africa 8 March 1941
(age 71) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Durban [42]
28 Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB Honduras 29 December 1942
(age 70) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Tegucigalpa [43]
29 Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne Peru 28 December 1943
(age 69) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Lima [44]
30 Cláudio Hummes OFM Brazil 8 August 1934
(age 78) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy [45]
31 Jorge Bergoglio SJ* Argentina 17 December 1936
(age 76) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Buenos Aires [46]
32 José da Cruz Policarpo Portugal 26 February 1936
(age 77) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Patriarch of Lisbon [47]
33 Severino Poletto Italy 18 March 1933
(age 79) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Turin [48]
34 Karl Lehmann Germany 16 May 1936
(age 76) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Bishop of Mainz [49]
35 Angelo Scola Italy 7 November 1941
(age 71) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Milan [50]
36 Anthony Olubunmi Okogie Nigeria 16 June 1936
(age 76) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lagos [51]
37 Gabriel Zubeir Wako Sudan 27 February 1941
(age 72) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Khartoum [52]
38 Carlos Amigo Vallejo OFM Spain 23 August 1934
(age 78) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Seville [53]
39 Justin Francis Rigali United States 19 April 1935
(age 77) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia [54]
40 Ennio Antonelli Italy 18 November 1936
(age 76) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family [55]
41 Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson Ghana 11 October 1948
(age 64) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace [56]
42 Telesphore Placidus Toppo India 15 October 1939
(age 73) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Ranchi [57]
43 George Pell Australia 8 June 1941
(age 71) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Sydney [58]
44 Josip Bozanić Croatia 20 March 1949
(age 63) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Zagreb [59]
45 Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn Vietnam 5 March 1934
(age 78) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Ho Chi Minh City [60]
46 Philippe Barbarin France 17 October 1950
(age 62) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Lyon [61]
47 Péter Erdő Hungary 25 June 1952
(age 60) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest [62]
48 Marc Ouellet PSS Canada 8 June 1944
(age 68) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops [63]
49 Agostino Vallini Italy 17 April 1940
(age 72) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [64]
50 Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino Venezuela 28 August 1942
(age 70) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Caracas [65]
51 Jean-Pierre Ricard France 25 September 1944
(age 68) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Bordeaux [66]
52 Antonio Cañizares Llovera Spain 15 October 1945
(age 67) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [67]
53 Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap United States 29 June 1944
(age 68) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Boston [68]
54 Stanisław Dziwisz Poland 27 April 1939
(age 73) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Kraków [69]
55 Carlo Caffarra Italy 1 June 1938
(age 74) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Bologna [70]
56 Seán Baptist Brady Ireland 16 August 1939
(age 73) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Armagh [71]
57 Lluís Martínez Sistach Spain 29 April 1937
(age 75) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Barcelona [72]
58 André Vingt-Trois France 7 November 1942
(age 70) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Paris [73]
59 Angelo Bagnasco Italy 14 January 1943
(age 70) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Genoa [74]
60 Théodore-Adrien Sarr Senegal 28 November 1936
(age 76) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Dakar [75]
61 Oswald Gracias India 24 December 1944
(age 68) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Bombay [76]
62 Francisco Robles Ortega Mexico 2 March 1949
(age 63) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Guadalajara [77]
63 Daniel Nicholas DiNardo United States 23 May 1949
(age 63) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Galveston–Houston [78]
64 Odilo Pedro Scherer Brazil 21 September 1949
(age 63) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of São Paulo [79]
65 John Njue Kenya 1 January 1946[80]
(age 67) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Nairobi [81]
66 Raúl Eduardo Vela Chiriboga Ecuador 1 January 1934
(age 79) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Quito [82]
67 Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya DR Congo 7 October 1939
(age 73) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Kinshasa [83]
68 Paolo Romeo Italy 20 February 1938
(age 75) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Palermo [84]
69 Donald William Wuerl United States 12 November 1940
(age 72) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Washington [85]
70 Raymundo Damasceno Assis Brazil 15 February 1937
(age 76) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Aparecida [86]
71 Kazimierz Nycz Poland 1 February 1950
(age 63) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Warsaw [87]
72 Albert Malcolm Ranjith Patabendige Don Sri Lanka 15 November 1947
(age 65) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Colombo [88]
73 Reinhard Marx Germany 21 September 1953
(age 59) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Munich and Freising [89]
74 George Alencherry India 19 April 1945
(age 67) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop of Ernakulam–Angamaly
(Syro-Malabar Church) 		[90]
75 Thomas Christopher Collins Canada 16 January 1947
(age 66) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Toronto [91]
76 Dominik Duka OP Czech Republic 26 April 1943
(age 69) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Prague [92]
77 Willem Jacobus Eijk Netherlands 22 June 1953
(age 59) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Utrecht [93]
78 Giuseppe Betori Italy 25 February 1947
(age 66) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Florence [94]
79 Timothy Michael Dolan United States 6 February 1950
(age 63) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of New York [95]
80 Rainer Maria Woelki Germany 18 August 1956
(age 56) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Berlin [96]
81 John Tong Hon China
(Hong Kong)[97] 		31 July 1939
(age 73) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Bishop of Hong Kong [98]
82 Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal India 15 June 1959
(age 53) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop of Trivandrum
(Syro-Malankara Church) 		[9]
83 John Olorunfemi Onaiyekan Nigeria 29 January 1944
(age 69) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Abuja [99]
84 Rubén Salazar Gómez Colombia 22 September 1942
(age 70) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Bogotá [100]
85 Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle Philippines 21 June 1957
(age 55) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Manila [101]
86 Jean-Louis Tauran France 5 April 1943
(age 69) 		CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue (Protodeacon) [102]
87 Attilio Nicora Italy 16 March 1937
(age 75) 		CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Pontifical Legate for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi and President of the Financial Information Authority [103]
88 William Joseph Levada United States 15 June 1936
(age 76) 		CD 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith [104]
89 Franc Rodé CM Slovenia 23 September 1934
(age 78) 		CD 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [105]
90 Leonardo Sandri Argentina 18 November 1943
(age 69) 		CD 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches [106]
91 Giovanni Lajolo Italy 3 January 1935
(age 78) 		CD 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [107]
92 Paul Josef Cordes Germany 5 September 1934
(age 78) 		CD 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum [108]
93 Angelo Comastri Italy 17 September 1943
(age 69) 		CD 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter [109]
94 Stanisław Ryłko Poland 4 July 1945
(age 67) 		CD 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity [110]
95 Raffaele Farina SDB Italy 24 September 1933
(age 79) 		CD 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church [111]
96 Angelo Amato SDB Italy 8 June 1938
(age 74) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [112]
97 Robert Sarah Guinea 15 June 1945
(age 67) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum [113]
98 Francesco Monterisi Italy 28 May 1934
(age 78) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [114]
99 Raymond Leo Burke United States 30 June 1948
(age 64) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura [115]
100 Kurt Koch Switzerland 15 March 1950
(age 62) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity [116]
101 Paolo Sardi Italy 1 September 1934
(age 78) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [117]
102 Mauro Piacenza Italy 15 September 1944
(age 68) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy [118]
103 Velasio De Paolis CS Italy 19 September 1935
(age 77) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See [119]
104 Gianfranco Ravasi Italy 18 October 1942
(age 70) 		CD 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Council for Culture [120]
105 Fernando Filoni Italy 15 April 1946
(age 66) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples [121]
106 Manuel Monteiro de Castro Portugal 29 March 1938
(age 74) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Penitentiary [122]
107 Santos Abril y Castelló Spain 21 September 1935
(age 77) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [123]
108 Antonio Maria Vegliò Italy 3 February 1938
(age 75) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People [124]
109 Giuseppe Bertello Italy 1 October 1942
(age 70) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [125]
110 Francesco Coccopalmerio Italy 6 March 1938
(age 74) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts [126]
111 João Braz de Aviz Brazil 24 April 1947
(age 65) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [127]
112 Edwin Frederick O'Brien United States 8 April 1939
(age 73) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre [128]
113 Domenico Calcagno Italy 3 February 1943
(age 70) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See [129]
114 Giuseppe Versaldi Italy 30 July 1943
(age 69) 		CD 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See [130]
115 James Michael Harvey United States 20 October 1949
(age 63) 		CD 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [131]

Not in attendance

Rank Name Country Born Order Consistory Office Reason for absence Refs.
1 Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja SJ Indonesia 20 December 1934
(age 78) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta Health (deteriorating eyesight) [132][133]
2 Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien United Kingdom 17 March 1938
(age 74) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh Personal (following allegations of sexual misconduct) [134][135]

Cardinal electors by continent and country

The 115 attending cardinal electors represented 48 countries on all six inhabited continents.[136] The countries with the greatest number of cardinal electors were Italy (twenty-eight), the United States (eleven), and Germany (six).

  • Continent or country of elected pope
Cardinal electors by continent
Continent Number Percentage
Africa 11 9.6%
North America 20 17.4%
South America* 13 11.3%
Asia 10 8.7%
Europe 60 52.2%
Oceania 1 0.9%
Total 115 100.0%
Cardinal electors by country
Country Continent Number
Argentina* South America 2
Australia Oceania 1
Austria Europe 1
Belgium Europe 1
Bolivia South America 1
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 1
Brazil South America 5
Canada North America 3
Chile South America 1
China (Hong Kong)[97] Asia 1
Colombia South America 1
DR Congo Africa 1
Croatia Europe 1
Cuba North America 1
Czech Republic Europe 1
Dominican Republic North America 1
Ecuador South America 1
Egypt Africa 1
France Europe 4
Germany Europe 6
Ghana Africa 1
Guinea Africa 1
Honduras North America 1
Hungary Europe 1
India Asia 5
Ireland Europe 1
Italy Europe 28
Kenya Africa 1
Lebanon Asia 1
Lithuania Europe 1
Mexico North America 3
Netherlands Europe 1
Nigeria Africa 2
Peru South America 1
Philippines Asia 1
Poland Europe 4
Portugal Europe 2
Senegal Africa 1
Slovenia Europe 1
South Africa Africa 1
Spain Europe 5
Sri Lanka Asia 1
Sudan Africa 1
Switzerland Europe 1
Tanzania Africa 1
United States North America 11
Venezuela South America 1
Vietnam Asia 1
Total 115

See also

References

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  18. Back to citation "Re Card. Giovanni Battista". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  19. Back to citation "Naguib H.B. Card. Antonios". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  20. Back to citation "Raï Card. Béchara Boutros, O.M.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  21. Back to citation "Danneels Card. Godfried". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  22. Back to citation "Meisner Card. Joachim". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 7 December 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  23. Back to citation "López Rodríguez Card. Nicolás de Jesús". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  24. Back to citation "Mahony Card. Roger Michael". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  25. Back to citation "Ortega y Alamino Card. Jaime Lucas". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  26. Back to citation "Turcotte Card. Jean-Claude". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  27. Back to citation "Puljić Card. Vinko". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  28. Back to citation "Sandoval Íñiguez Card. Juan". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  29. Back to citation "Rouco Varela Card. Antonio María". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  30. Back to citation "Tettamanzi Card. Dionigi". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  31. Back to citation "Pengo Card. Polycarp". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  32. Back to citation "Schönborn Card. Christoph, O.P." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  33. Back to citation "Rivera Carrera Card. Norberto". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  34. Back to citation "George Card. Francis Eugene, O.M.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  35. Back to citation "Grocholewski Card. Zenon". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  36. Back to citation "Sepe Card. Crescenzio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  37. Back to citation "Dias Card. Ivan". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  38. Back to citation "Agnelo Card. Geraldo Majella". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  39. Back to citation "Bačkis Card. Audrys Juozas". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  40. Back to citation "Errázuriz Ossa Card. Francisco Javier". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  41. Back to citation "Terrazas Sandoval Card. Julio, C.SS.R." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  42. Back to citation "Napier Card. Wilfrid Fox, O.F.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  43. Back to citation "Rodríguez Maradiaga Card. Óscar Andrés, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  44. Back to citation "Cipriani Thorne Card. Juan Luis". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  45. Back to citation "Hummes Card. Cláudio, O.F.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  46. Back to citation "Bergoglio Card. Jorge Mario, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  47. Back to citation "Policarpo Card. José da Cruz". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  48. Back to citation "Poletto Card. Severino". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  49. Back to citation "Lehmann Card. Karl". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  50. Back to citation "Scola Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  51. Back to citation "Okogie Card. Anthony Olubunmi". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  52. Back to citation "Zubeir Wako Card. Gabriel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  53. Back to citation "Amigo Vallejo Card. Carlos, O.F.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  54. Back to citation "Rigali Card. Justin Francis". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  55. Back to citation "Antonelli Card. Ennio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  56. Back to citation "Turkson Card. Peter Kodwo Appiah". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  57. Back to citation "Toppo Card. Telesphore Placidus". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  58. Back to citation "Pell Card. George". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  59. Back to citation "Bozanić Card. Josip". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  60. Back to citation "Pham Minh Mân Card. Jean-Baptiste". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  61. Back to citation "Barbarin Card. Philippe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  62. Back to citation "Erdő Card. Péter". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  63. Back to citation "Ouellet Card. Marc, P.S.S." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  64. Back to citation "Vallini Card. Agostino". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  65. Back to citation "Urosa Savino Card. Jorge Liberato". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  66. Back to citation "Ricard Card. Jean-Pierre". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  67. Back to citation "Cañizares Llovera Card. Antonio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  68. Back to citation "O'Malley Card. Seán Patrick, O.F.M. Cap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  69. Back to citation "Dziwisz Card. Stanisław". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  70. Back to citation "Caffarra Card. Carlo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  71. Back to citation "Brady Card. Seán Baptist". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  72. Back to citation "Martínez Sistach Card. Lluís". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  73. Back to citation "Vingt-Trois Card. André". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  74. Back to citation "Bagnasco Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  75. Back to citation "Sarr Card. Théodore-Adrien". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  76. Back to citation "Gracias Card. Oswald". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  77. Back to citation "Robles Ortega Card. Francisco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  78. Back to citation "DiNardo Card. Daniel Nicholas". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  79. Back to citation "Scherer Card. Odilo Pedro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  80. Back to citation The Holy See Press Office's documentation gives Njue's date of birth as 1 January 1946, but previously stated that he was "born in 1944" "Njue Card. John". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018. and used 31 December 1944 as his date of birth on its list of cardinal electors. "Cardinals [sic] electors". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024.
  81. Back to citation "Njue Card. John". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  82. Back to citation "Vela Chiriboga Card. Raúl Eduardo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  83. Back to citation "Monsengwo Pasinya Card. Laurent". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  84. Back to citation "Romeo Card. Paolo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  85. Back to citation "Wuerl Card. Donald William". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  86. Back to citation "Assis Card. Raymundo Damasceno". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  87. Back to citation "Nycz Card. Kazimierz". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  88. Back to citation "Patabendige Don Card. Albert Malcolm Ranjith". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  89. Back to citation "Marx Card. Reinhard". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  90. Back to citation "Alencherry Card. George". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  91. Back to citation "Collins Card. Thomas Christopher". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  92. Back to citation "Duka Card. Dominik, O.P." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  93. Back to citation "Eijk Card. Willem Jacobus". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  94. Back to citation "Betori Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  95. Back to citation "Dolan Card. Timothy Michael". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  96. Back to citation "Woelki Card. Rainer Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  97. Back to citation occurrence 97.0 Back to citation occurrence 97.1 Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China.
  98. Back to citation "Tong Hon Card. John". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  99. Back to citation "Onaiyekan Card. John Olorunfemi". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  100. Back to citation "Salazar Gómez Card. Rubén". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  101. Back to citation "Tagle Card. Luis Antonio Gokim". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  102. Back to citation "Tauran Card. Jean-Louis". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  103. Back to citation "Nicora Card. Attilio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  104. Back to citation "Levada Card. William Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  105. Back to citation "Rodé Card. Franc, C.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  106. Back to citation "Sandri Card. Leonardo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  107. Back to citation "Lajolo Card. Giovanni". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  108. Back to citation "Cordes Card. Paul Josef". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  109. Back to citation "Comastri Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  110. Back to citation "Ryłko Card. Stanisław". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  111. Back to citation "Farina Card. Raffaele, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  112. Back to citation "Amato Card. Angelo, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  113. Back to citation "Sarah Card. Robert". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  114. Back to citation "Monterisi Card. Francesco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  115. Back to citation "Burke Card. Raymond Leo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  116. Back to citation "Koch Card. Kurt". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  117. Back to citation "Sardi Card. Paolo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  118. Back to citation "Piacenza Card. Mauro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  119. Back to citation "De Paolis Card. Velasio, C.S." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  120. Back to citation "Ravasi Card. Gianfranco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  121. Back to citation "Filoni Card. Fernando". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  122. Back to citation "Monteiro de Castro Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  123. Back to citation "Abril y Castelló Card. Santos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  124. Back to citation "Vegliò Card. Antonio Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  125. Back to citation "Bertello Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  126. Back to citation "Coccopalmerio Card. Francesco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  127. Back to citation "Aviz Card. João Braz de". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  128. Back to citation "O'Brien Card. Edwin Frederick". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  129. Back to citation "Calcagno Card. Domenico". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  130. Back to citation "Versaldi Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  131. Back to citation "Harvey Card. James Michael". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
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  133. Back to citation "Darmaatmadja Card. Julius Riyadi, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  134. Back to citation Pigott, Robert (25 February 2013). "Cardinal Keith O'Brien resigns as Archbishop". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 20 May 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
  135. Back to citation "O'Brien Card. Keith Michael Patrick". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  136. Back to citation 50 countries, if including non-attending cardinal electors
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