Elizabeth Tilney, Countess of Surrey
| The Right Honourable The Countess of Surrey | |
|---|---|
The detail of a stained-glass window at Holy Trinity Church
| |
| Born | Before 1445 Ashwellthorpe Manor, Norfolk |
| Died | 4 April 1497 Thetford, Norfolk, England |
| Buried | Possibly at Thetford Priory |
| Spouses | Sir Humphrey Bourchier Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk |
| Issue | John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners Margaret Bourchier Anne Bourchier, Baroness Dacre Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk Lord Edward Howard Lord Edmund Howard Lord John Howard Lord Henry Howard Lord Charles Howard Lord Henry Howard (second of that name) Lord Richard Howard Elizabeth Howard Muriel Howard |
| Father | Sir Frederick Tilney |
| Mother | Elizabeth Cheney |
| Occupation | Lady-in-waiting Lady of the Bedchamber |
Elizabeth Tilney, Countess of Surrey (before 1445 – 4 April 1497) was an English heiress who became the first wife of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (when still Earl of Surrey).
Her eldest son was Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. Through two of her other children she was a grandmother of two queens consort of King Henry VIII, namely through her daughter Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire she was the maternal grandmother of Queen Anne Boleyn and through a younger son, Lord Edmund Howard, she was the paternal grandmother of Queen Catherine Howard. Thus Elizabeth's great-granddaughter was Queen Elizabeth I, the daughter of Anne Boleyn. Her son Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk's daughter, Mary, married the king's illegitimate son, Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset. Elizabeth is commemorated as the "Countess of Surrey" in John Skelton's poem, The Garlande of Laurell, written following his visit to the Howard residence of Sheriff Hutton Castle.
Family
Elizabeth Tilney was born at Ashwellthorpe Hall sometime before 1445, the only child of Sir Frederick Tilney, of Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, and Boston, Lincolnshire, and Elizabeth Cheney (1422–1473) of Fen Ditton, Cambridgeshire. Sir Frederick Tilney died before 1447, and before 1449 Elizabeth's mother married as her second husband Sir John Say of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, Speaker of the House of Commons, by whom she had three sons, Sir William, Sir Thomas and Leonard, and four daughters, Anne (wife of Sir Henry Wentworth of Nettlestead, Suffolk), Elizabeth (wife of Thomas Sampson), Katherine (wife of Thomas Bassingbourne), and Mary (wife of Sir Philip Calthorpe).[1] A fifth daughter died as a young child. Henry VIII's third queen consort, Jane Seymour, was the granddaughter of Henry Wentworth and Anne Say,[2] and thus a second cousin to Henry VIII's second and fifth queens consort, Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard.[3]
Elizabeth's paternal grandparents were Sir Philip Tilney and Isabel Thorpe, and her maternal grandparents were Sir Laurence Cheney of Fen Ditton and Elizabeth Cockayne, widow of Sir Philip Butler. Elizabeth Cockayne was the daughter of Sir John Cockayne, Chief Baron of the Exchequer and Ida de Grey. Ida was a daughter of Welsh Marcher Lord Reginald Grey, 2nd Baron Grey de Ruthyn and Eleanor Le Strange of Blackmere.[4] Through her mother, Ida was a direct descendant of Welsh Prince Gruffydd II ap Madog, Lord of Dinas Bran and his wife Emma de Audley.
Elizabeth was co-heiress to the manors of Fisherwick and Shelfield in Walsall, Staffordshire by right of her descent from Roger Hillary, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (d. 1356).[5]
Ancestry
- Ancestors of Elizabeth Tilney, Countess of Surrey
- Philip Tilney
- Frederick Tilney
- Grace Ross
- Sir Philip Tilney
- Sir John Rocheford
- Margaret Rochford
- Alice de Hastings
- Sir Frederick Tilney
- Edmund de Thorpe
- Sir Edmund Thorpe, 5th Baron Thorpe of Ashwellthorpe
- Joan Baynard
- Isabel Thorpe
- John de Northwode
- Joan de Northwood
- Joan Hart
- Elizabeth Tilney
- John Cheyne
- William Cheyne
- Joan Muschet
- Sir Laurence Cheney
- Sir Laurence Pabenham
- Catherine Pabenham
- Elizabeth Engaine
- Elizabeth Cheney
- Sir John Cockayne
- Sir John Cockayne
- Cecilia de Vernon
- Elizabeth Cockayne
- Reginald Grey, 2nd Baron Grey de Ruthyn
- Ida de Grey
- Eleanor Le Strange of Blackmere
Family tree
- v
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e
Family tree of the Dukes of Norfolk and Suke of Surrey; Earls of Arundel, East Anglia, Norfolk, Norwich, Nottingham, and Surrey; and Barons Mowbray, Segrave and Stourton - Earl of East Anglia
(Earls of Norfolk and Suffolk)
(1st creation), before 1069 - Ralph the Staller
c. 1011–1068
1st Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk, or of the East Angles
(c. 1066/67–1068) - Earl of Surrey (1st creation), c. 1088
- Ralph de Gael
c. 1040 – c. 1096
2nd Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk, or of the East Angles (until 1074) — Roger Bigod of Norfolk
d. 1107 — William de Warenne
c. 1035–1088
1st Earl (of) Warenne / Earl of Surrey, Lord of Lewes, Seigneur de Varennes - Earldom forfeit, 1074
- Earl of Norfolk (2nd creation), 1141
- King Henry I
c. 1068–1135 — Maud Bigod — Hugh Bigod
1095–1177
1st Earl of Norfolk (1141–1177) — William de Warenne
d. 1138
2nd Earl (of) Warenne / Earl of Surrey - Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex (1st creations), c. 1138
- Empress Matilda
c. 1102–1167 — Geoffrey Plantagenet
1113–1251
Count of Anjou — Adeliza of Louvain
c. 1103–1151 — William d'Aubigny
c. 1109–1176
1st Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex, Earl of Lincoln — William de Warenne
1119–1148
3rd Earl of Surrey - King Henry II
1133–1189 — William d'Aubigny
b. c. 1138/1150–1176
2nd Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex — Roger Bigod
c. 1144/1150–1221
2nd Earl of Norfolk (1189–1221, disputed 1177–1189) — William of Blois
c. 1137–1159 — Isabel de Warenne
c. 1130 – 1203
4th Countess of Surrey suo jure — Hamelin de Warenne
c. 1130–1202
Comte de Warenne / Earl of Surrey, jure uxoris - King John
1166/1167–1216 — William d'Aubigny
before 1180–1221
3rd Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex — Hugh Bigod
1186–1225
3rd Earl of Norfolk (1221–1225) — Maud Marshal
1192–1248 — William de Warenne
c. 1160s/1170s–1240
5th Earl of Surrey - William d'Aubigny
c. 1203–before 1224
4th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex — Hugh d'Aubigny
d. 1243
5th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex — Isabel d'Aubigny — John Fitzalan
1200–1240
3rd Lord of Clun and Oswestry — Roger Bigod
c. 1209–1270
4th Earl of Norfolk (1233–1270) — Hugh Bigod
c. 1211–1266 - King Henry III
1207–1272 — John Fitzalan
1223–1267
6th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex, jure matris — John de Warenne
1231–1304
6th Earl of Surrey - Baron Segrave of Se(a)grave, 1283
- Nicholas Segrave
c. 1238–bef. 1295
1st Baron Segrave — King Edward I
1239–1307 — Edmund Crouchback
1245–1296
Earl of Lancaster — John Fitzalan
1246–1272
7th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex, jure matris — Roger Bigod
c. 1245–1306
5th Earl of Norfolk (1270–1306) - Earldom extinct, 1270
- Baron Mowbray, 1283 — Earl of Arundel (2nd (1st by writ) creation), 1289
- John Segrave
c. 1256–1325
2nd Baron Segrave — Roger de Mowbray
1254–1297
1st Baron Mowbray — Richard Fitzalan
1267–1302
1st (or 6th) Earl of Arundel — William de Warenne
1256–1286 - Earl of Norfolk (3rd creation), 1312
- Stephen Segrave
d. 1325
3rd Baron Segrave — Thomas of Brotherton
1300–1338
1st Earl of Norfolk (1312–1338) — John Mowbray
1286–1322
2nd Baron Mowbray — Henry
c. 1281–1345
Earl of Leicester, Earl of Lancaster — Edmund Fitzalan
1286–1326
2nd (or 7th) Earl of Arundel — Alice de Warenne
1287–1388
heir apparent to the Earldom of Surrey — John de Warenne
1286–1347
7th Earl of Surrey - Earldom of Arundel (2nd creation) forfeit, 1326
- Earldom of Arundel (2nd creation) restored, 1331
- John Segrave
1315–1353
4th Baron Segrave — Margaret of Brotherton
1320–1399
2nd Countess of Norfolk (1338–1399), Duchess of Norfolk "for life" (1397–1399) — John Mowbray
1310–1361
3rd Baron Mowbray — Joan of Lancaster
c. 1312–1349 — Eleanor of Lancaster
1318–1372 — Richard FitzAlan
c. 1313–1376
3rd (or 8th) Earl of Arundel, 8th Earl of Surrey - Baron Arundel, 1377
- Elizabeth de Segrave
1338–1368
5th Baroness Segrave — John de Mowbray
1340–1368
4th Baron Mowbray — Richard FitzAlan
1346–1397
4th (or 9th) Earl of Arundel, 9th Earl of Surrey — John FitzAlan
c. 1348–1379
1st Baron Arundel — Alice FitzAlan - Earldom of Arundel (2nd creation) forfeit, 1397
- Earl of Nottingham (1st creation), 1377 — Earl of Nottingham (2nd creation), 1383
Duke of Norfolk (1st creation), 1397 — Duke of Surrey, 1397 - John de Mowbray
1365–1383
1st Earl of Nottingham, 6th Baron Segrave, 5th Baron Mowbray — Thomas de Mowbray
1366–1399
1st Duke of Norfolk (1397–1399), 3rd Earl of Norfolk (1399), 7th Baron Segrave, 6th Baron Mowbray — Elizabeth Fitzalan
1366–1425 — John FitzAlan
1364–1390
2nd Baron Arundel — Thomas Holland
1372–1400
Duke of Surrey, Earl of Kent, Baron Holland - Earldom of Nottingham extinct, 1383 — Titles forfeit, 1399 — Dukedom of Surrey renounced, 1400
- Baron Stourton, 1448 — Duke of Norfolk (1st creation restored), 1425 — Earldom of Arundel (2nd creation) restored, 1400
- John Stourton
1400–1462
1st Baron Stourton (1448–1462) — Thomas de Mowbray
1385–1405
4th Earl of Norfolk, 8th Baron Segrave, 7th Baron Mowbray (1399–1405) — John de Mowbray
1392–1432
2nd Duke of Norfolk (1425–1432), 5th Earl of Norfolk, 9th Baron Segrave, 8th Baron Mowbray (1405–1432) — Margaret de Mowbray
c. 1388–1459 — Robert Howard
1385–1436 — Isabel de Mowbray
c. 1400–1452 — Thomas FitzAlan
1381–1415
5th (or 10th) Earl of Arundel, 10th Earl of Surrey — John Fitzalan
1385–1421
6th (or 11th) Earl of Arundel, 3rd Baron Arundel, 3rd Baron Maltravers - Duke of Norfolk (4th creation), 1483
- William Stourton
before 1426–1478
2nd Baron Stourton (1462–1478) — John de Mowbray
1415–1461
3rd Duke of Norfolk, 6th Earl of Norfolk, 10th Baron Segrave, 9th Baron Mowbray (1432–1461) — John Howard
1425–1485
1st Duke of Norfolk, 13th Baron Segrave, 12th Baron Mowbray (1483–1485) — John Fitzalan
1408–1435
7th (or 12th) Earl of Arundel, 4th Baron Arundel, 4th Baron Maltravers — William Fitzalan
1417–1487
9th (or 14th) Earl of Arundel, 6th Baron Arundel, 6th Baron Maltravers - Titles forfeit, 1485
- Earl of Surrey (2nd creation), 1451 — Duke of Norfolk (4th creation) restored and Earl of Surrey, 1514
- John Stourton
c. 1454–1485
3rd Baron Stourton (1479–1485) — William Stourton
c. 1457–1524
5th Baron Stourton (1487–1524) — John de Mowbray
1444–1476
4th Duke of Norfolk, 7th Earl of Norfolk, Earl of Surrey, 11th Baron Segrave, 10th Baron Mowbray (1461–1476) — King Edward IV
1442–1483 — Thomas Howard
1443–1524
2nd Duke of Norfolk, 1st Earl of Surrey (1514–1524) — Humfrey Fitzalan
1429–1438
8th (or 13th) Earl of Arundel, 5th Baron Arundel, 5th Baron Maltravers — Thomas Fitzalan
1450–1524
10th (or 15th) Earl of Arundel, 7th Baron Arundel, 7th Baron Maltravers - Dukedom of Norfolk, Earldom of Nottingham, Earldom of Surrey extinct, 1476
- Duke of Norfolk (3rd creation), Earl of Nottingham (3rd creation), and Earl of Surrey, 1477
- Francis Stourton
1485–1487
4th Baron Stourton (1485–1487) — Edward Stourton
1463–1535
6th Baron Stourton (1524–1535) — Anne de Mowbray
1472–1481
8th Countess of Norfolk, 12th Baroness Segrave, 11th Baroness Mowbray (1476–1481) — Richard of Shrewsbury
1473–1483
Duke of York, Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Nottingham, Earl of Warenne (1477–1483) — Anne of York
1475–1511 — Thomas Howard
1473–1554
3rd Duke of Norfolk, 2nd Earl of Surrey (1524–1554) — Edmund Howard
c. 1478–1539 — Elizabeth Boleyn
c. 1480–1538 — William Fitzalan
1476–1544
11th (or 16th) Earl of Arundel, 8th Baron Arundel, 8th Baron Maltravers - Earldom of Norfolk extinct and Baronies Segrave and Mowbray in abeyance, 1481 — Dukedom of Norfolk, Earldom of Nottingham, Earldom of Surrey extinct, 1483 — Attainted, 1547
Restored, 1553 - William Stourton
c. 1505–1548
7th Baron Stourton — Earl of Nottingham (5th creation), 1525 — King Henry VIII
1491–1547 — Anne Boleyn
c. 1501 or 1507–1536 - Viscount Howard of Bindon, 1559
- Charles Stourton
c. 1520–1557
8th Baron Stourton — Henry Howard
1517–1547
styled Earl of Surrey — Thomas Howard
c. 1520–1582
1st Viscount Howard of Bindon — Mary FitzRoy
1519–1557 — Henry FitzRoy
1519–1536
Duke of Richmond and Somerset, Earl of Nottingham — Catherine Howard
c. 1524–1542 — Henry Fitzalan
1512–1580
12th (or 17th) Earl of Arundel, 9th Baron Arundel, 9th Baron Maltravers - Earldom of Nottingham extinct, 1536
- Thomas Howard
1536–1572
4th Duke of Norfolk, 3rd Earl of Surrey, 13th Baron Mowbray (1554–1572) — Henry Howard
1540–1614
Earl of Northampton — Queen Elizabeth I
1533–1603 — Mary FitzAlan
1540–1557 - Dukedom (3rd creation) forfeit, 1572
- Earl of Arundel (3rd creation), 1580 — Earl of Suffolk (4th creation), 1603
- John Stourton
1553–1588
9th Baron Stourton — Edward Stourton
c. 1555–1633
10th Baron Stourton — Philip Howard
1557–1595
20th/13th/1st Earl of Arundel, styled Earl of Surrey — Thomas Howard
1561–1626
Earl of Suffolk — Lord William Howard
1563–1640 - Earldom of Arundel and Barony of Mowbray attainted, 1589 — see Earls, Marquesses, and Dukes of Suffolk family tree
- Earl of Arundel (3rd creation) and Barony of Mowbray restored, 1604
Earl of Norfolk (5th creation), 1644 - William Stourton
c. 1594–1672
11th Baron Stourton — Thomas Howard
1585–1646
21st/14th/2nd Earl of Arundel, 2nd/4th Earl of Surrey, 1st Earl of Norfolk, 14th Baron Mowbray (1644–1646) — Philip - see Earls of Shrewsbury family tree
- Edward Stourton
1617–1644 — Henry Frederick Howard
1608–1652
22nd/15th/3rd Earl of Arundel, 3rd/5th Earl of Surrey, 2nd Earl of Norfolk, 15th Baron Mowbray (1646–1652) — Alethea Howard
1585–1654
17th Baroness Strange of Blackmere, 14th Baroness Talbot, 13th Baroness Furnivall — William Howard
1614–1680
1st Viscount Stafford — William - Duke of Norfolk (4th creation restored), 1660 — Baron Howard of Castle Rising, 1669
Earl of Norwich (3rd creation), 1672 - William Stourton
d. 1685
12th Baron Stourton — Thomas Howard
1627–1677
5th Duke of Norfolk, 21st/14th/2nd Earl of Arundel, 4th/6th Earl of Surrey, 16th Baron Mowbray (1660–1677)
18th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall (1654–1677) — Henry Howard
1628–1684
6th Duke of Norfolk, 22nd/15th/3rd Earl of Arundel, 5th/7th Earl of Surrey, 1st Earl of Norwich, etc.
18th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 17th Baron Mowbray, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall (1672–1684) — Charles Howard
1630–1713 — Col. Bernard Howard
1641–1717 — Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle
Earls of Carlisle - Edward Stourton
1665–1720
13th Baron Stourton — Thomas Stourton
1667–1744
14th Baron Stourton — Charles Stourton
1669–1739 — Henry Howard
1655–1701
7th Duke of Norfolk, 22nd/15th/3rd Earl of Arundel, 5th/7th Earl of Surrey, 2nd Earl of Norwich, etc.
18th Baron Mowbray, 19th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall (1684–1701) — Lord Thomas Howard
1662–1689 — Henry Charles Howard
d. 1720 - Thomas Howard
1683–1732
8th Duke of Norfolk, 23rd/16th/4th Earl of Arundel, 6th/8th Earl of Surrey, 3rd Earl of Norwich, etc.
18th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall, 19th Baron Mowbray (1701–1732) — Edward Howard
1685–1777
9th Duke of Norfolk, 24th/17th/5th Earl of Arundel, 7th/9th Earl of Surrey, 4th Earl of Norwich, etc.
20th Baron Mowbray, 20th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall (1732–1777) — Philip Howard
1688–1750 — Bernard Howard
1674–1735 - Earldom of Norwich (3rd creation) and Barony of Howard of Castle Rising extinct and Baronies of Furnivall, Mowbray, Segrave, Strange of Blackmere, and Talbot abeyant, 1777
- Charles Stourton
1702–1753
15th Baron Stourton — William Stourton
1704–1781
16th Baron Stourton — Winifred Howard
1726–1753 — Anne Howard
1742–1787 — Charles Howard
1720–1786
10th Duke of Norfolk, 25th/18th/6th Earl of Arundel, 8th/10th Earl of Surrey (1777–1786) — Henry Howard
1713–1787 - Charles Philip Stourton
1752–1816
17th Baron Stourton — Charles Howard
1746–1815
11th Duke of Norfolk, 26th/19th/7th Earl of Arundel, 9th/11th Earl of Surrey (1786–1815) - William Stourton
1776–1846
18th Baron Stourton — Bernard Howard
1765–1842
12th Duke of Norfolk, 27th/20th/8th Earl of Arundel, 10th/12th Earl of Surrey (1815–1842) - Charles Stourton
1802–1872
19th Baron Stourton — Henry Howard
1791–1856
13th Duke of Norfolk, 28th/21st/9th Earl of Arundel, 11th/13th Earl of Surrey (1842–1856) - Baron Mowbray and Baron Segrave abeayance restored, 1878 — Baron Howard of Glossop
- Alfred Joseph Stourton
1829–1893
24th Baron Segrave, 21st/23rd Baron Mowbray, 20th Baron Stourton — Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard
1815–1860
14th Duke of Norfolk, 29th/22nd/10th Earl of Arundel, 12th/14th Earl of Surrey (1856–1860) — Edward George Fitzalan-Howard
1818–1883
1st Baron Howard of Glossop - Charles Botolph Joseph Stourton
1867–1936
25th Baron Segrave, 22nd/24th Baron Mowbray, 21st Baron Stourton — Henry Fitzalan-Howard
1847–1917
15th Duke of Norfolk, 30th/23rd/11th Earl of Arundel, 13th/15th Earl of Surrey, Lord Maltravers, Earl of Arundel and Surrey (1860–1917) — Francis Fitzalan-Howard
1859–1924
2nd Baron Howard of Glossop - William Marmaduke Stourton
1895–1965
26th Baron Segrave, 23rd/25th Baron Mowbray, 22nd Baron Stourton — Bernard Fitzalan-Howard
1908–1975
16th Duke of Norfolk, 31st/24th/12th Earl of Arundel, 14th/16th Earl of Surrey (1917–1975) — Bernard Fitzalan-Howard
1885–1972
3rd Baron Howard of Glossop - Charles Edward Stourton
1923–2006
27th Baron Segrave, 24th/26th Baron Mowbray, 23rd Baron Stourton — Miles Fitzalan-Howard
1915–2002
17th Duke of Norfolk, 32nd/25th/13th Earl of Arundel, 15th/17th Earl of Surrey, 4th Baron Howard of Glossop (1975–2002) - Edward William Stephen Stourton
1953–2021
28th Baron Segrave, 25th/27th Baron Mowbray, 24th Baron Stourton — Edward Fitzalan-Howard
b. 1956
18th Duke of Norfolk, 33rd/26th/14th Earl of Arundel, 16th/18th Earl of Surrey, 5th Baron Howard of Glossop (from 2002) - James Charles Peter Stourton
b. 1991
29th Baron Segrave, 26th/28th Baron Mowbray, 25th Baron Stourton — Henry Fitzalan-Howard
b. 1987
styled Earl of Arundel and Surrey
Marriages
Elizabeth married her first husband, Sir Humphrey Bourchier, the son and heir of John Bourchier, 1st Baron Berners, and his wife, Margery, in about 1466. The marriage produced a son, John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners and two daughters. Following her marriage, Elizabeth went to court where she served as lady-in-waiting to Queen consort Elizabeth Woodville, whose train she had carried at the latter's coronation in May 1465 at Westminster Abbey. Elizabeth accompanied the queen and her children into sanctuary at Westminster Abbey when King Edward IV had been ousted from the throne, and was present at the birth of the future King Edward V. She remained with the queen until Edward IV was restored to power.
Sir Humphrey was killed at the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471 fighting on the Yorkist side.[6] On 30 April 1472 Elizabeth married Thomas Howard, future Earl of Surrey,[7] a marriage arranged by the King.[8] In 1475, Elizabeth inherited her father's property of Ashwellthorpe Manor.[9]
Her second husband was a close friend and companion of Richard, Duke of Gloucester who was crowned king in 1483. Elizabeth was one of Anne Neville's attendants at Richard's coronation, while her husband bore the Sword of State.[10] On 22 August 1485 Thomas's father John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk was killed at the Battle of Bosworth while fighting for Richard III; like his son, John was also one of King Richard's dearest friends.[11] Thomas Howard was wounded at Bosworth and imprisoned in the Tower for several years, and the dukedom of Norfolk was forfeited. Elizabeth was fortunate that Thomas' attainder stipulated that she would not lose her own inheritance. On 3 October 1485, she wrote to John Paston, who was married to her cousin. The letter, which she had written from the Isle of Sheppey, mentioned how she had wished to send her children to Thorpe, pointing out that Paston had pledged to send her horses as a means of transporting them there. She continued to complain that Lord FitzWalter, an adherent of the new king Henry VII, had dismissed all of her servants; however, because of the stipulations in her husband's attainder, FitzWalter was unable to appropriate her manor of Askwell.[12]
In December 1485, she was living in London, near St Katharine's by the Tower, which placed her in the vicinity of her incarcerated husband.[13]
After Thomas was released from prison and his earldom and estates were restored to him, he entered the service of Henry VII.
Her second marriage produced eleven children, including Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, Elizabeth Howard, mother of Anne Boleyn, and Lord Edmund Howard, father of Catherine Howard.
Death and legacy
Elizabeth Tilney died on 4 April 1497 and it is commonly stated that she was buried in the nun's choir of the Convent of the Minoresses outside Aldgate.[14] In her will, she left money to be distributed to the poor of Whitechapel and Hackney.[15] However, historian Marilyn Roberts presents solid evidence why this will cannot be of Elizabeth Tilney. The will is written 9 years after Elizabeth Tilney died and refers to Elizabeth, Duchess of Norfolk. But Elizabeth Tilney would refer to herself as Countess of Surrey, not as Duchess of Norfolk because her husband wasn't duke of Norfolk when she died (he acquired the title many years later).[16]
Elizabeth Tilney is often confused with Elizabeth Talbot, last Mowbray Duchess of Norfolk, who definitely was buried in Aldgate. With Aldgate ruled out as a place of burial of Countess of Surrey, it is unknown where she was actually buried. Her family lived at the time of her death in Sheriff Hutton Castle near York, but she could have been buried somewhere else, most likely at Thetford Priory, which by then was the burial place and mausoleum of members of the Howard family.[17]
After her death, by licence dated 8 November 1497 Thomas Howard married as his second wife her cousin, Agnes Tilney, by whom he had seven more children.[18]
Elizabeth's granddaughters included not only Katherine Howard and Anne Boleyn, but also three of Henry VIII's mistresses, Elizabeth Carew, Mary Boleyn and, allegedly, Mary Howard, Duchess of Richmond.[19] During the reign of Henry VIII the Howards, led by Elizabeth's eldest son, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, became the premier family of England.
In poetry, art and fiction
Elizabeth Tilney has been identified as the "Countess of Surrey" commemorated in John Skelton's poem The Garlande of Laurell, written by the poet laureate while he was a guest of the Howards in 1495 at Sheriff Hutton Castle. Three of Elizabeth's daughters, Anne, Elizabeth and Muriel are also addressed in the poem, which celebrates the occasion when Elizabeth, her daughters, and gentlewomen of her household placed a garland of laurel worked in silks, gold and pearls upon Skelton's head as a sign of homage to the poet.[20]
Elizabeth's likeness is depicted in a stained glass window at Holy Trinity Church, Long Melford, Suffolk. She is shown facing Elizabeth Talbot, Duchess of Norfolk, and both figures are surmounted by the Mowbray family's coat of arms.
A highly romanticized fictional account of Elizabeth Tilney's life was written by Juliet Dymoke in The Sun in Splendour which depicts Elizabeth, known as "Bess", at the court of King Edward IV.
Issue
By Sir Humphrey Bourchier:
- John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners (1467–1533), married Katherine (d. 12 March 1536), the daughter of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, by whom he had a son, Thomas, and three daughters, Joan, Margaret and Mary; by a mistress allegedly named Elizabeth Bacon he had three illegitimate sons, Sir James, Humphrey and George, and one daughter, Ursula (wife of Sir William Sherington)[21]
- Margaret Bourchier (1468–1552), Lady Governess to Princesss Mary and Elizabeth; married firstly, by agreement dated 11 November 1478, John Sandys, son and heir apparent of William Sandys of the Vyne, by whom she had no issue; secondly, Sir Thomas Bryan, by whom she had three children, including Sir Francis Bryan.[22]
- Anne Bourchier (1470 – 29 September 1530), married Thomas Fiennes, 8th Baron Dacre,[23] by whom she had three children.
By Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk:
- Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk[24]
- Lord Edward Howard[25]
- Lord Edmund Howard, father of Henry VIII's fifth queen, Katherine Howard[26]
- Lord John Howard[27]
- Lord Henry Howard[28]
- Lord Charles Howard[29]
- Lord Henry Howard (the younger)[30]
- Lord Richard Howard[31]
- Elizabeth Howard, married Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and was mother of Anne Boleyn, and grandmother of Elizabeth I[32]
- Muriel Howard (d.1512), married firstly John Grey, 2nd Viscount Lisle (d.1504), and secondly Sir Thomas Knyvet[33]
- daughter (died young)[34]
References
- Back to citation Roskell 1981, p. 170; Richardson 2004, pp. 206–207; Kirby 2008
- Back to citation Beer 2004; Richardson 2004, pp. 381, 611, 729.
- Back to citation G. E. Cokayne. The Complete Peerage
- Back to citation Taylor 1822, p. 8.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 141
- Back to citation Cokayne 1912, pp. 153–154.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, pp. 141, 236; Cokayne 1912, p. 153.
- Back to citation Women of History - Index S Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 15 March 2011
- Back to citation Women of History - Index S
- Back to citation Women of History - Index S. Retrieved 15 March 2011
- Back to citation Kendall 1953, pp. 193–196.
- Back to citation Kathy Lynn Emerson. A Who's Who of Tudor Women - T.
- Back to citation Kathy Lynn Emerson. A Who's Who of Tudor Women - T. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
- Back to citation Women of History - Index S. Retrieved 15-03-11
- Back to citation Women of History - Index S
- Back to citation "Elizabeth Tilney, grandmother of Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard, and her cousin Agnes Tilney, their step-grandmother by Marilyn Roberts". 14 September 2012.
- Back to citation Head 2008.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 237.
- Back to citation Hart 2009.
- Back to citation Skelton 1990, pp. 23, 31–32; Scattergood 2004.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 142; Cokayne 1912, pp. 153–154.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, pp. 141–2.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 141.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 236.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 236; Loades 2008.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 236; Warnicke 2008.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 236.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 236.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 236.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 236.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 236.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 236; Hughes 2007.
- Back to citation Richardson 2004, p. 236; Gunn 2008.
- Back to citation Weir 1991, p. 619.
Bibliography
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- Cokayne, George Edward (1912). The Complete Peerage edited by the Honourable Vicary Gibbs. Vol. II. London: St. Catherine Press.
- Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday. Vol. IX. London: St. Catherine Press.
- Gunn, S.J. (2008). Knyvet, Sir Thomas (c.1485–1512), courtier and sea captain. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
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