Howard family
| Howard family | |
|---|---|
| Noble family | |
.svg)
| |
| Country | England United Kingdom |
| Founded | 1483 |
| Founder | John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk |
| Current head | Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk |
| Titles | See list Queen consort of England Duke of Norfolk Cardinal protector of England Earl of Arundel Earl of Surrey Earl of Norfolk Earl of Effingham Earl of Nottingham Earl of Berkshire Earl of Norwich Earl of Carlisle Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent Baron Stafford Baron Lanerton Baron Furnivall Baron Howard Baron Howard of Castle Rising Baron Howard of Charlton Baron Howard of Effingham Baron Howard of Escrick Baron Howard of Glossop Baron Howard of Henderskelfe Baron Howard of Marnhull Baron Howard of Penrith Baron Howard of Rising Baron Howard de Walden |
| Estates | Arundel Castle Castle Howard Carlton Towers Framlingham Castle Bungay Castle Clun Castle Naworth Castle Charlton Park Corby Castle Greystoke Castle |
| Cadet branches | Howards of Effingham Howards of Carlisle Howards of Suffolk Howards of Penrith Howards of Corby Castle |
The Howard family is an English noble family founded by John Howard, who was created Duke of Norfolk (third creation) by King Richard III of England in 1483. However, John was also the eldest grandson (although maternal) of the 1st Duke of the first creation, Thomas Mowbray. The Howards have been part of the peerage since the 15th century and remain both the Premier Dukes and Earls of the Realm in the Peerage of England, acting as Earl Marshal of England. They reached the peak of their influence during the Tudor period, when Catherine Howard became the fifth wife and Queen consort of King Henry VIII. After the English Reformation, many Howards remained steadfast in their Catholic faith as the most high-profile recusant family; two members, Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel, and William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford, are regarded as martyrs: a saint and a blessed respectively.
The senior line of the house, as well as holding the title of Duke of Norfolk, is also Earl of Arundel, Earl of Surrey and Earl of Norfolk, as well as holding six baronies. The Arundel title was inherited in 1580, when the Howards became the genealogical successors to the paternally extinct FitzAlans, ancient kin to the House of Stuart, dating back to when the family first arrived in Great Britain from Brittany (see Alan fitz Flaad).
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, married as his first wife Mary FitzAlan, who, after the death of her brother Henry in 1556, became heiress to the Arundel estates of her father Henry FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel. Her son was the above-mentioned Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel. It is from this marriage that the present Duke of Norfolk takes his surname of FitzAlan-Howard and why his seat is Arundel Castle. There have also been several notable cadet branches; those existing to this day include the Howards of Effingham, Howards of Carlisle, Howards of Suffolk and Howards of Penrith. The former three are earldoms, and the latter a barony.
Throughout much of English and later British history, the Howards have played an important role. Claiming descent from Hereward the Wake, the resister of the Norman Conquest who has been much celebrated in folklore, John Howard fought to the death at the Battle of Bosworth Field in defence of the cause for the House of York. The Howards regained favour with the new Tudor dynasty after leading a defence of England from Scottish invasion at the Battle of Flodden, and Catherine Howard subsequently became the fifth wife and Queen consort to King Henry VIII. Her uncle, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, played a significant role in Henrician politics. Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, served as Lord High Admiral of the English fleet which defeated the invading Spanish Armada.
Arundel Castle has been in the family of the Duke of Norfolk for over 400 years, and it is still the principal seat of the Norfolk family. As cultural heritage, it is a Grade I listed building.[1]
Origins
See: Howarth
The later Howards would claim legendary descent from Hereward the Wake, but a pedigree compiled and signed by Sir William Dugdale, Norroy King of Arms of the College of Arms, and dated 8 April 1665, stated that the Howard family are descended from the Howarth [sic, Howard] family of Great Howarth Hall, Rochdale. According to Dugdale, "it is clear from above seventy deeds, without date, that the Howards, Dukes of Norfolk, do derive from the Howards Howarth of Great Howarth and that William Howard of Wigenhall… was a direct decedent of Osbert Howard de Howarth." Osbert, Dugdale wrote, had been given lands in Rochdale in return for his service as Master of King Henry I's Buckhounds.
The scroll states, in clear terms, that William Howard de Howard (born 1237) was the second son of Robert Howarth of Howarth, son of William, who was himself the son of Peter de Howard. Dugdale states that William Howard de Howard was the progenitor of the subsequently noble Howard family. William Howard was knighted in c. 1278 and that he was appointed (Chief) Justice of the Common Pleas in 1297. William Howard married firstly Alice de Ufford, the daughter of the Justiciar and Suffolk landowner Sir Robert de Ufford. If Dugdale was correct a young William Howard left Lancashire to settle in Norfolk and practise as a lawyer perhaps at the behest of his father-in-law.[2]
Later in 1636 the Rev. Richard James separately wrote the Iter Lancastrense, a poem on the history of Lancashire in which he mentions "Robin Howorrth, from whose familie Great Noble peers derive their progenie".[3]
Alternatively it is sometimes stated that William Howard is son of a John (Howard) de Wiggenhale, who with other family members appears to have held land in or near Wiggenhall in Norfolk.[4]
Sir William Howard settled in East Winch and Wiggenhall. He was a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas and was summoned as a justice to the House of Commons in the Model Parliament of 1295. Sir William's son, Sir John Howard I, became Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk and married Joan de Cornwall, an illegitimate granddaughter of Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall and King of the Romans,[5] the second son of King John. He died in 1308.
History
Sir William's great-great-great-grandson, Sir Robert Howard, married Lady Margaret Mowbray, elder daughter of Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (1366–1399). The Mowbray line of Dukes died out in 1476 and the heiress of the last Duke, Anne Mowbray, died at the age of nine in 1481; after declaring her widower King Edward IV's son Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, illegitimate, Richard III of England created the son of Sir Robert and Lady Margaret, John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, of a new creation on 28 June 1483, the 200th anniversary of the Barony of Mowbray to which he was also senior co-heir. John had previously been summoned to Parliament as Lord Howard by Edward IV. He was also created hereditary Earl Marshal. John's son and heir, Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, was the grandfather of two English queens, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, both wives of Henry VIII, and the great-grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I.
The Howard family became one of the foremost recusant families due to their continued adherence to Roman Catholicism throughout the English Reformation and its aftermath. Four members of the family in a row fell from grace or were convicted and imprisoned because of their Catholic beliefs: Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and his son Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey were imprisoned in late 1546., accused of being involved in a plot to usurp the crown from Henry VIII's son, Prince Edward (future Edward VI) and thus reverse the Reformation and return the English Church to papal jurisdiction. Both the 3rd Duke and his son were tried for treason and sentenced to death; Surrey was only executed in January 1547 while his father was saved from the same fate by the death of Henry VIII, although he remained imprisoned in the Tower of London throughout the reign of Edward VI. The elderly 3rd Duke was freed early in the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary I in 1553 but died the following year and the Dukedom was inherited by her grandson and son of Surrey, Thomas, who became the 4th Duke.[6] The 4th Duke, who despite having received a Protestant education as a child was a Catholic, was imprisoned in 1569 on suspicion of involvement in the Rebellion of the Catholic earls of northern England, being released in August 1570 after insufficient evidence was found against him. However, in 1571, the Duke would participate in the Ridolfi Plot to overthrow, and possibly also assassinate Elizabeth I,[7] and replace her with Mary I Stewart, Queen of Scots, to marry her and then restore Catholicism in England. Norfolk was arrested in September of that same year when his participation in the plot was discovered. The Duke was tried for high treason and sentenced to death in January 1572, and executed in June of that year.[8] Norfolk's son, Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel was imprisoned in the Tower of London for his Catholicism in 1585, remaining there for over ten years until he fell ill with dysentery and he died in October 1595. It became a tradition among the Howards to suffer for being Catholics.[9]
Both the Duchy and Earl Marshalship have been the subject of repeated attainders and restorations in the 15th to 17th centuries. Before Charles II restored the titles for good, the Howards had inherited the ancient title of Earl of Arundel through an heiress, and formed additional branches that have continued to this day.
A branch of the Howard family has been seated at Castle Howard, one of England's most magnificent country houses, for over 300 years.
In order of genealogical seniority:
- the Barons Howard of Penrith descend from a younger brother of the 12th Duke;
- the Earls of Suffolk and Berkshire descend from the 2nd son of the 4th Duke;
- the Earls of Carlisle descend from the third son of the 4th Duke;
- the Earls of Effingham descend from the fourth son of the 2nd Duke, who was Lord High Admiral and whose son was commander in chief against the Spanish Armada. (Curiously, this line was excluded from eligibility to inherit on the restoration of the Dukedom).
Howard family tree
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Family tree of the Dukes of Norfolk and Suke of Surrey; Earls of Arundel, East Anglia, Norfolk, Norwich, Nottingham, and Surrey; and Barons Mowbray, Segrave and Stourton - Earl of East Anglia
(Earls of Norfolk and Suffolk)
(1st creation), before 1069 - Ralph the Staller
c. 1011–1068
1st Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk, or of the East Angles
(c. 1066/67–1068) - Earl of Surrey (1st creation), c. 1088
- Ralph de Gael
c. 1040 – c. 1096
2nd Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk, or of the East Angles (until 1074) — Roger Bigod of Norfolk
d. 1107 — William de Warenne
c. 1035–1088
1st Earl (of) Warenne / Earl of Surrey, Lord of Lewes, Seigneur de Varennes - Earldom forfeit, 1074
- Earl of Norfolk (2nd creation), 1141
- King Henry I
c. 1068–1135 — Maud Bigod — Hugh Bigod
1095–1177
1st Earl of Norfolk (1141–1177) — William de Warenne
d. 1138
2nd Earl (of) Warenne / Earl of Surrey - Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex (1st creations), c. 1138
- Empress Matilda
c. 1102–1167 — Geoffrey Plantagenet
1113–1251
Count of Anjou — Adeliza of Louvain
c. 1103–1151 — William d'Aubigny
c. 1109–1176
1st Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex, Earl of Lincoln — William de Warenne
1119–1148
3rd Earl of Surrey - King Henry II
1133–1189 — William d'Aubigny
b. c. 1138/1150–1176
2nd Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex — Roger Bigod
c. 1144/1150–1221
2nd Earl of Norfolk (1189–1221, disputed 1177–1189) — William of Blois
c. 1137–1159 — Isabel de Warenne
c. 1130 – 1203
4th Countess of Surrey suo jure — Hamelin de Warenne
c. 1130–1202
Comte de Warenne / Earl of Surrey, jure uxoris - King John
1166/1167–1216 — William d'Aubigny
before 1180–1221
3rd Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex — Hugh Bigod
1186–1225
3rd Earl of Norfolk (1221–1225) — Maud Marshal
1192–1248 — William de Warenne
c. 1160s/1170s–1240
5th Earl of Surrey - William d'Aubigny
c. 1203–before 1224
4th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex — Hugh d'Aubigny
d. 1243
5th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex — Isabel d'Aubigny — John Fitzalan
1200–1240
3rd Lord of Clun and Oswestry — Roger Bigod
c. 1209–1270
4th Earl of Norfolk (1233–1270) — Hugh Bigod
c. 1211–1266 - King Henry III
1207–1272 — John Fitzalan
1223–1267
6th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex, jure matris — John de Warenne
1231–1304
6th Earl of Surrey - Baron Segrave of Se(a)grave, 1283
- Nicholas Segrave
c. 1238–bef. 1295
1st Baron Segrave — King Edward I
1239–1307 — Edmund Crouchback
1245–1296
Earl of Lancaster — John Fitzalan
1246–1272
7th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex, jure matris — Roger Bigod
c. 1245–1306
5th Earl of Norfolk (1270–1306) - Earldom extinct, 1270
- Baron Mowbray, 1283 — Earl of Arundel (2nd (1st by writ) creation), 1289
- John Segrave
c. 1256–1325
2nd Baron Segrave — Roger de Mowbray
1254–1297
1st Baron Mowbray — Richard Fitzalan
1267–1302
1st (or 6th) Earl of Arundel — William de Warenne
1256–1286 - Earl of Norfolk (3rd creation), 1312
- Stephen Segrave
d. 1325
3rd Baron Segrave — Thomas of Brotherton
1300–1338
1st Earl of Norfolk (1312–1338) — John Mowbray
1286–1322
2nd Baron Mowbray — Henry
c. 1281–1345
Earl of Leicester, Earl of Lancaster — Edmund Fitzalan
1286–1326
2nd (or 7th) Earl of Arundel — Alice de Warenne
1287–1388
heir apparent to the Earldom of Surrey — John de Warenne
1286–1347
7th Earl of Surrey - Earldom of Arundel (2nd creation) forfeit, 1326
- Earldom of Arundel (2nd creation) restored, 1331
- John Segrave
1315–1353
4th Baron Segrave — Margaret of Brotherton
1320–1399
2nd Countess of Norfolk (1338–1399), Duchess of Norfolk "for life" (1397–1399) — John Mowbray
1310–1361
3rd Baron Mowbray — Joan of Lancaster
c. 1312–1349 — Eleanor of Lancaster
1318–1372 — Richard FitzAlan
c. 1313–1376
3rd (or 8th) Earl of Arundel, 8th Earl of Surrey - Baron Arundel, 1377
- Elizabeth de Segrave
1338–1368
5th Baroness Segrave — John de Mowbray
1340–1368
4th Baron Mowbray — Richard FitzAlan
1346–1397
4th (or 9th) Earl of Arundel, 9th Earl of Surrey — John FitzAlan
c. 1348–1379
1st Baron Arundel — Alice FitzAlan - Earldom of Arundel (2nd creation) forfeit, 1397
- Earl of Nottingham (1st creation), 1377 — Earl of Nottingham (2nd creation), 1383
Duke of Norfolk (1st creation), 1397 — Duke of Surrey, 1397 - John de Mowbray
1365–1383
1st Earl of Nottingham, 6th Baron Segrave, 5th Baron Mowbray — Thomas de Mowbray
1366–1399
1st Duke of Norfolk (1397–1399), 3rd Earl of Norfolk (1399), 7th Baron Segrave, 6th Baron Mowbray — Elizabeth Fitzalan
1366–1425 — John FitzAlan
1364–1390
2nd Baron Arundel — Thomas Holland
1372–1400
Duke of Surrey, Earl of Kent, Baron Holland - Earldom of Nottingham extinct, 1383 — Titles forfeit, 1399 — Dukedom of Surrey renounced, 1400
- Baron Stourton, 1448 — Duke of Norfolk (1st creation restored), 1425 — Earldom of Arundel (2nd creation) restored, 1400
- John Stourton
1400–1462
1st Baron Stourton (1448–1462) — Thomas de Mowbray
1385–1405
4th Earl of Norfolk, 8th Baron Segrave, 7th Baron Mowbray (1399–1405) — John de Mowbray
1392–1432
2nd Duke of Norfolk (1425–1432), 5th Earl of Norfolk, 9th Baron Segrave, 8th Baron Mowbray (1405–1432) — Margaret de Mowbray
c. 1388–1459 — Robert Howard
1385–1436 — Isabel de Mowbray
c. 1400–1452 — Thomas FitzAlan
1381–1415
5th (or 10th) Earl of Arundel, 10th Earl of Surrey — John Fitzalan
1385–1421
6th (or 11th) Earl of Arundel, 3rd Baron Arundel, 3rd Baron Maltravers - Duke of Norfolk (4th creation), 1483
- William Stourton
before 1426–1478
2nd Baron Stourton (1462–1478) — John de Mowbray
1415–1461
3rd Duke of Norfolk, 6th Earl of Norfolk, 10th Baron Segrave, 9th Baron Mowbray (1432–1461) — John Howard
1425–1485
1st Duke of Norfolk, 13th Baron Segrave, 12th Baron Mowbray (1483–1485) — John Fitzalan
1408–1435
7th (or 12th) Earl of Arundel, 4th Baron Arundel, 4th Baron Maltravers — William Fitzalan
1417–1487
9th (or 14th) Earl of Arundel, 6th Baron Arundel, 6th Baron Maltravers - Titles forfeit, 1485
- Earl of Surrey (2nd creation), 1451 — Duke of Norfolk (4th creation) restored and Earl of Surrey, 1514
- John Stourton
c. 1454–1485
3rd Baron Stourton (1479–1485) — William Stourton
c. 1457–1524
5th Baron Stourton (1487–1524) — John de Mowbray
1444–1476
4th Duke of Norfolk, 7th Earl of Norfolk, Earl of Surrey, 11th Baron Segrave, 10th Baron Mowbray (1461–1476) — King Edward IV
1442–1483 — Thomas Howard
1443–1524
2nd Duke of Norfolk, 1st Earl of Surrey (1514–1524) — Humfrey Fitzalan
1429–1438
8th (or 13th) Earl of Arundel, 5th Baron Arundel, 5th Baron Maltravers — Thomas Fitzalan
1450–1524
10th (or 15th) Earl of Arundel, 7th Baron Arundel, 7th Baron Maltravers - Dukedom of Norfolk, Earldom of Nottingham, Earldom of Surrey extinct, 1476
- Duke of Norfolk (3rd creation), Earl of Nottingham (3rd creation), and Earl of Surrey, 1477
- Francis Stourton
1485–1487
4th Baron Stourton (1485–1487) — Edward Stourton
1463–1535
6th Baron Stourton (1524–1535) — Anne de Mowbray
1472–1481
8th Countess of Norfolk, 12th Baroness Segrave, 11th Baroness Mowbray (1476–1481) — Richard of Shrewsbury
1473–1483
Duke of York, Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Nottingham, Earl of Warenne (1477–1483) — Anne of York
1475–1511 — Thomas Howard
1473–1554
3rd Duke of Norfolk, 2nd Earl of Surrey (1524–1554) — Edmund Howard
c. 1478–1539 — Elizabeth Boleyn
c. 1480–1538 — William Fitzalan
1476–1544
11th (or 16th) Earl of Arundel, 8th Baron Arundel, 8th Baron Maltravers - Earldom of Norfolk extinct and Baronies Segrave and Mowbray in abeyance, 1481 — Dukedom of Norfolk, Earldom of Nottingham, Earldom of Surrey extinct, 1483 — Attainted, 1547
Restored, 1553 - William Stourton
c. 1505–1548
7th Baron Stourton — Earl of Nottingham (5th creation), 1525 — King Henry VIII
1491–1547 — Anne Boleyn
c. 1501 or 1507–1536 - Viscount Howard of Bindon, 1559
- Charles Stourton
c. 1520–1557
8th Baron Stourton — Henry Howard
1517–1547
styled Earl of Surrey — Thomas Howard
c. 1520–1582
1st Viscount Howard of Bindon — Mary FitzRoy
1519–1557 — Henry FitzRoy
1519–1536
Duke of Richmond and Somerset, Earl of Nottingham — Catherine Howard
c. 1524–1542 — Henry Fitzalan
1512–1580
12th (or 17th) Earl of Arundel, 9th Baron Arundel, 9th Baron Maltravers - Earldom of Nottingham extinct, 1536
- Thomas Howard
1536–1572
4th Duke of Norfolk, 3rd Earl of Surrey, 13th Baron Mowbray (1554–1572) — Henry Howard
1540–1614
Earl of Northampton — Queen Elizabeth I
1533–1603 — Mary FitzAlan
1540–1557 - Dukedom (3rd creation) forfeit, 1572
- Earl of Arundel (3rd creation), 1580 — Earl of Suffolk (4th creation), 1603
- John Stourton
1553–1588
9th Baron Stourton — Edward Stourton
c. 1555–1633
10th Baron Stourton — Philip Howard
1557–1595
20th/13th/1st Earl of Arundel, styled Earl of Surrey — Thomas Howard
1561–1626
Earl of Suffolk — Lord William Howard
1563–1640 - Earldom of Arundel and Barony of Mowbray attainted, 1589 — see Earls, Marquesses, and Dukes of Suffolk family tree
- Earl of Arundel (3rd creation) and Barony of Mowbray restored, 1604
Earl of Norfolk (5th creation), 1644 - William Stourton
c. 1594–1672
11th Baron Stourton — Thomas Howard
1585–1646
21st/14th/2nd Earl of Arundel, 2nd/4th Earl of Surrey, 1st Earl of Norfolk, 14th Baron Mowbray (1644–1646) — Philip - see Earls of Shrewsbury family tree
- Edward Stourton
1617–1644 — Henry Frederick Howard
1608–1652
22nd/15th/3rd Earl of Arundel, 3rd/5th Earl of Surrey, 2nd Earl of Norfolk, 15th Baron Mowbray (1646–1652) — Alethea Howard
1585–1654
17th Baroness Strange of Blackmere, 14th Baroness Talbot, 13th Baroness Furnivall — William Howard
1614–1680
1st Viscount Stafford — William - Duke of Norfolk (4th creation restored), 1660 — Baron Howard of Castle Rising, 1669
Earl of Norwich (3rd creation), 1672 - William Stourton
d. 1685
12th Baron Stourton — Thomas Howard
1627–1677
5th Duke of Norfolk, 21st/14th/2nd Earl of Arundel, 4th/6th Earl of Surrey, 16th Baron Mowbray (1660–1677)
18th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall (1654–1677) — Henry Howard
1628–1684
6th Duke of Norfolk, 22nd/15th/3rd Earl of Arundel, 5th/7th Earl of Surrey, 1st Earl of Norwich, etc.
18th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 17th Baron Mowbray, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall (1672–1684) — Charles Howard
1630–1713 — Col. Bernard Howard
1641–1717 — Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle
Earls of Carlisle - Edward Stourton
1665–1720
13th Baron Stourton — Thomas Stourton
1667–1744
14th Baron Stourton — Charles Stourton
1669–1739 — Henry Howard
1655–1701
7th Duke of Norfolk, 22nd/15th/3rd Earl of Arundel, 5th/7th Earl of Surrey, 2nd Earl of Norwich, etc.
18th Baron Mowbray, 19th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall (1684–1701) — Lord Thomas Howard
1662–1689 — Henry Charles Howard
d. 1720 - Thomas Howard
1683–1732
8th Duke of Norfolk, 23rd/16th/4th Earl of Arundel, 6th/8th Earl of Surrey, 3rd Earl of Norwich, etc.
18th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall, 19th Baron Mowbray (1701–1732) — Edward Howard
1685–1777
9th Duke of Norfolk, 24th/17th/5th Earl of Arundel, 7th/9th Earl of Surrey, 4th Earl of Norwich, etc.
20th Baron Mowbray, 20th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall (1732–1777) — Philip Howard
1688–1750 — Bernard Howard
1674–1735 - Earldom of Norwich (3rd creation) and Barony of Howard of Castle Rising extinct and Baronies of Furnivall, Mowbray, Segrave, Strange of Blackmere, and Talbot abeyant, 1777
- Charles Stourton
1702–1753
15th Baron Stourton — William Stourton
1704–1781
16th Baron Stourton — Winifred Howard
1726–1753 — Anne Howard
1742–1787 — Charles Howard
1720–1786
10th Duke of Norfolk, 25th/18th/6th Earl of Arundel, 8th/10th Earl of Surrey (1777–1786) — Henry Howard
1713–1787 - Charles Philip Stourton
1752–1816
17th Baron Stourton — Charles Howard
1746–1815
11th Duke of Norfolk, 26th/19th/7th Earl of Arundel, 9th/11th Earl of Surrey (1786–1815) - William Stourton
1776–1846
18th Baron Stourton — Bernard Howard
1765–1842
12th Duke of Norfolk, 27th/20th/8th Earl of Arundel, 10th/12th Earl of Surrey (1815–1842) - Charles Stourton
1802–1872
19th Baron Stourton — Henry Howard
1791–1856
13th Duke of Norfolk, 28th/21st/9th Earl of Arundel, 11th/13th Earl of Surrey (1842–1856) - Baron Mowbray and Baron Segrave abeayance restored, 1878 — Baron Howard of Glossop
- Alfred Joseph Stourton
1829–1893
24th Baron Segrave, 21st/23rd Baron Mowbray, 20th Baron Stourton — Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard
1815–1860
14th Duke of Norfolk, 29th/22nd/10th Earl of Arundel, 12th/14th Earl of Surrey (1856–1860) — Edward George Fitzalan-Howard
1818–1883
1st Baron Howard of Glossop - Charles Botolph Joseph Stourton
1867–1936
25th Baron Segrave, 22nd/24th Baron Mowbray, 21st Baron Stourton — Henry Fitzalan-Howard
1847–1917
15th Duke of Norfolk, 30th/23rd/11th Earl of Arundel, 13th/15th Earl of Surrey, Lord Maltravers, Earl of Arundel and Surrey (1860–1917) — Francis Fitzalan-Howard
1859–1924
2nd Baron Howard of Glossop - William Marmaduke Stourton
1895–1965
26th Baron Segrave, 23rd/25th Baron Mowbray, 22nd Baron Stourton — Bernard Fitzalan-Howard
1908–1975
16th Duke of Norfolk, 31st/24th/12th Earl of Arundel, 14th/16th Earl of Surrey (1917–1975) — Bernard Fitzalan-Howard
1885–1972
3rd Baron Howard of Glossop - Charles Edward Stourton
1923–2006
27th Baron Segrave, 24th/26th Baron Mowbray, 23rd Baron Stourton — Miles Fitzalan-Howard
1915–2002
17th Duke of Norfolk, 32nd/25th/13th Earl of Arundel, 15th/17th Earl of Surrey, 4th Baron Howard of Glossop (1975–2002) - Edward William Stephen Stourton
1953–2021
28th Baron Segrave, 25th/27th Baron Mowbray, 24th Baron Stourton — Edward Fitzalan-Howard
b. 1956
18th Duke of Norfolk, 33rd/26th/14th Earl of Arundel, 16th/18th Earl of Surrey, 5th Baron Howard of Glossop (from 2002) - James Charles Peter Stourton
b. 1991
29th Baron Segrave, 26th/28th Baron Mowbray, 25th Baron Stourton — Henry Fitzalan-Howard
b. 1987
styled Earl of Arundel and Surrey
Arms of the Howard family
The Howard family's original arms were the white bend on red with the crosslets. On marrying the heiress of the dukes of Norfolk, the first Howard duke of Norfolk quartered his arms with those of Thomas of Brotherton 1st Earl of Norfolk, son of King Edward I Longshanks as well as the Mowbray arms. Starting with the 2nd Duke of Norfolk, the Howards added in the 3rd quarter the checkered blue and gold of the Warren Earls of Surrey, whom they became heirs of. Philip Howard was deprived of the dukedom of Norfolk, which was under attainer, but inherited the earldom of Arundel. His descendants used the gold lion on red of the Fitzalan Earls of Arundel in the 4th quarter.
Earl Marshal is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England (then, following the Act of Union 1800, in the United Kingdom). It is the eighth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Constable and above the Lord High Admiral. The Earl Marshal has responsibility for the organisation of State funerals and the monarch's coronation in Westminster Abbey.[10] He is also a leading officer of arms. The office is hereditary in the Howard Family in their position as Dukes of Norfolk, the senior dukedom in the United Kingdom.
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Adopted 1842 by the future 14th Duke of Norfolk, who added the prefix "FitzAlan" to his surname and replaced the 4th quarter "Mowbray" with "FitzAlan". Coronet A Coronet of a Duke Crest 1st: Issuant from a Ducal Coronet Or a pair of Wings Gules each charged with a Bend between six Cross-crosslets fitchy Argent (Howard); 2nd: On a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Lion statant gardant with tail extended Or gorged with a Ducal Coronet Argent (Thomas of Brotherton); 3rd: On a Mount Vert a Horse passant Argent holding in the mouth a Slip of Oak Vert fructed proper (Fitzalan). Escutcheon Quarterly, 1st: Gules on a Bend between six Cross-crosslets fitchy Argent an Escutcheon Or charged with a Demi-lion rampant pierced through the mouth by an arrow within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the first (Howard); 2nd: Gules three Lions passant gardant in pale Or, Armed and Langued Azure, in chief a Label of three points Argent (Plantagenet of Norfolk); 3rd: Checky Or and Azure (Warenne); 4th: Gules a Lion rampant Or, Armed and Langued Azure (Fitzalan). Supporters Dexter a Lion, sinister a Horse both Argent the latter holding in the mouth a Slip of Oak Vert fructed proper. Motto Sola Virtus Invicta (Latin for "Virtue alone is unconquered"). Orders Often, the coat of arms of the Duke of Norfolk appears with the Garter circlet of the Order of the Garter surrounding the shield, as seen in the arms of the 17th Duke of Norfolk. However, this is not hereditary; the 17th Duke did not become a Knight of the Garter until 22 April 1983. The 18th Duke of Norfolk, as of 2017, had not been appointed to the Order of the Garter. Other elements Placed behind the shield are two gold batons in saltire enamelled at the ends in black, which represent the Duke of Norfolk's office as Earl Marshal and Hereditary Marshal of England. Symbolism The shield on the bend in the first quarter of the arms was granted as an augmentation of honour by Henry VIII to the 2nd Duke of Norfolk, to commemorate his victory at the Battle of Flodden. It is a modification of the Royal coat of arms of Scotland. Instead of its normal rampant position, the lion is shown cut in half with an arrow through its mouth, commemorating the death of King James IV at the battle.[11] |
Titles
References
- Back to citation Historic England. "Arundel Castle (1027926)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
- Back to citation "Dugdale's 1665 Pedigree of the Howarths of Great Howarth on Page 64 of The history of the county palatine and duchy of Lancaster by Baines, Edward, 1774-1848". 20 April 1888. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
- Back to citation "The Rev. Richard James, Iter Lancastrense 1636". Retrieved 6 February 2024.
- Back to citation Blomefield, Francis (20 April 1775). "Francis Blomefield and Charles Parkin An Essay towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk (1739-1775)". Retrieved 6 February 2024.
- Back to citation Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, pg 232–33.
- Back to citation Graves, Michael A. R. (2008) [2004]. "Howard, Thomas, third duke of Norfolk (1473–1554)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13940. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
- Back to citation Williams, Neville (1964). A Tudor Tragedy:Thomas Howard Fourth Duke of Norfolk. p. 218.
- Back to citation Graves, Michael A. R. (2008) [2004]. "Howard, Thomas, fourth duke of Norfolk (1538–1572)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13941. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
- Back to citation "For centuries this Catholic family has orchestrated Britain's most Anglican royal events".
- Back to citation "The history of the Royal heralds and the College of Arms". The College of Arms website. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
- Back to citation Brooke-Little, J.P., FSA (1978) [1950]. Boutell's Heraldry (Revised ed.). London: Frederick Warne LTD. p. 125. ISBN 0-7232-2096-4.
Bibliography
- William Dugdale, Baronage of England (London, 1675–76);
- Collins, Peerage of England (fifth edition, London, 1779);
- Henry Howard, Memorials of the Howard Family (privately printed, 1834);
- Edmund Lodge, Portraits of Illustrious Personages (London, 1835); The Howard Papers, with a Biographical Pedigree and Criticism by Canston (London, 1862);
- Yeatman, The Early Genealogical History of the House of Arundel (London, 1882);
- Doyle, Official Baronage of England (London, 1886);
- Brenan and Statham, The House of Howard (London, 1907).
External links
- European Heraldry page Archived 27 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/HOWARD1.htm